Biology: chapter one review question

Humans born without sweat glands usually do not survive. Why not? A) Sweating is an important mechanism for maintaining temperature homeostasis B) Sweat glands create openings in the skin where gas exchange occurs. C) Sweating is the only way the body eliminates excess water. D) Sweating is important for eliminating impurities from the body.

A) Sweating is an important mechanism for maintaining temperature homeostasis

An organism in the domain Eukarya is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: A) being composed of prokaryotic cells. B) ingestion of organic matter to acquire nutrients. C) the potential to grow and reproduce. D) the innate ability to maintain precise internal conditions.

A) being composed of prokaryotic cells

A scientific theory A) is a general explanation for natural phenomena. B) is an educated guess. C) is less reliable than a hypothesis. D) will never be changed.

A) is a general explanation for natural phenomena.

After you drink a glass of acidic lemonade, your body's pH does not change. This is an example of how humans and other organisms A) maintain homeostasis B) maintain cellular organization. C) evolve in response to the environment. D) are immune to weak acids.

A) maintain homeostasis

All of the following are examples of adaptations EXCEPT: A) mice learning a maze to get food. B) larger teeth in beavers for gnawing wood. C) different beak shapes for birds that eat seeds or insects. D) insects that resemble twigs. E) flower coloration that attracts pollinators

A) mice learning a maze to get food.

A) natural selection

A) natural selection

A puppy is born weighing 5 pounds and eventually becomes a 75-pound golden retriever. A. Growth B. Reproduction C. Maintaining precise internal conditions D. Evolution E. Response to stimuli

A. Growth

At the beginning of the week a plant is 3 inches tall, and at the end of the week it is 4 inches tall. A. Growth B. Reproduction C. Maintaining precise internal conditions D. Evolution E. Response to stimuli

A. Growth

Which of the following is true regarding faith-based beliefs and scientific theories? A) Both faith-based beliefs and scientific theories can be proven. B) Any and all faith-based beliefs can be disproven, but scientific theories cannot. C) Any and all scientific theories can be disproven, but faith-based beliefs cannot. D) Scientific theories are not modifiable, but faith-based beliefs are. E) Faith-based beliefs can become scientific theories.

C) Any and all scientific theories can be disproven, but faith-based beliefs cannot.

Which of the following levels of organization is the most inclusive (that is, includes the most life-forms)? A) Organ system B) Population C) Biosphere D) Community E) Ecosystem

C) Biosphere

Why do heterotrophs require "food" for survival? A) Food is an alternative source of energy for heterotrophs when sunlight is unavailable. B) Food provides the organic chemicals needed by heterotrophs. C) Food provides at least half of the water required by heterotrophs. D) Heterotrophs cannot photosynthesize without the chemicals provided by food.

B) Food provides the organic chemicals needed by heterotrophs.

We use the scientific method every day. Imagine that your car doesn't start one morning before school. Which of these is a reasonable hypothesis regarding the problem? A) I'm going to be late. B) I'm out of gas. C) I should check whether the lights were left on and drained the battery. D) I should change the battery or the starter. E) I should add a quart of oil.

B) I'm out of gas

An example of natural causality is A) Mice arise from discarded garbage. B) Maggots appear spontaneously on rotting meat. C) Epilepsy is a disease of the brain D) If you sneeze you will die.

C) Epilepsy is a disease of the brain

Which of the following is a characteristic of living organisms? A) Ability to produce energy B) Eat other organisms C) Maintenance of homeostasis D) Have a nucleus E) Have membrane-bound organelles

C) Maintenance of homeostasis

In which kingdom does a multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic organism belong? A) Protists B) Fungi C) Plantae D) Animalia

C) Plantae

Which kingdom possesses unicellular animal-like species and unicellular plant-like species? A) Fungi B) Animalia C) Protist kingdoms D) Plantae

C) Protist kingdoms

The smallest units that still retain the characteristics of an element are called A) molecules. B) cells. C) atoms. D) tissues. E) organic molecules

C) atoms.

Dinosaurs are not alive today because they A) evolved too quickly in response to a changing environment. B) evolved adaptations that were beneficial in their constant, unchanging environment. C) did not evolve fast enough to keep up with rapid environmental change. D) did not possess the genetic material that beneficial mutations act on.

C) did not evolve fast enough to keep up with rapid environmental change.

An organism's ability to perceive stimuli from either the internal or external environment is called A) natural selection. B) mutation. C) homeostasis D) DNA. E) evolution.

C) homeostasis

A basic difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell is that the prokaryotic cell A) possesses membrane-bound organelles. B) lacks DNA. C) lacks a nucleus. D) is considerably larger. E) is structurally more complex.

C) lacks a nucleus.

A cell that lacks organelles is a(n) A) member of the Kingdom Plantae. B) animal cell. C) prokaryotic cell. D) eukaryotic cell.

C) prokaryotic cell.

Alexander Fleming observed a colony of mold that inhibited the growth of nearby bacteria. Which of the following was his hypothesis? A) The mold used all of the nutrients so that the bacteria couldn't grow. B) The mold produced a substance that killed nearby bacteria. C) The bacteria changed their DNA when growing near the mold. D) The mold was dead.

B) The mold produced a substance that killed nearby bacteria

The scientific method includes all of the following EXCEPT: A) experimentation. B) a testable theory. C) an observation. D) a hypothesis. E) conclusions.

B) a testable theory

A mutation is a A) physical deformity, such as the loss of a limb. B) change in the DNA sequence. C) dose of radiation. D) defective egg or sperm cell.

B) change in the DNA sequence.

Francesco Redi designed an experiment to test the notion of spontaneous generation. He left the first jar of meat open to the air and covered the second jar. The first jar would be called the ________ jar. A) experimental B) control C) conclusive D) hypothetical

B) control

The experiments of Francesco Redi A) disproved that maggots and flies were related. B) disproved the idea of spontaneous generation. C) disproved the scientific method. D) used the scientific method to prove the idea of spontaneous generation. E) determined that flies come from maggots.

B) disproved the idea of spontaneous generation.

A change in the genetic makeup of a species over time is called A) adaptation. B) evolution. C) mutation. D) natural causality.

B) evolution.

Suppose an organism has an enzyme that repairs changes in its DNA. The result is a decrease in mutations. This trait would definitely influence the organism's ability to A) obtain energy. B) evolve. C) move. D) maintain homeostasis.

B) evolve.

The variation among individuals, on which natural selection acts, describes A) physical training and exercise. B) genetic differences. C) random occurrences in the lifetimes of individuals. D) nutritional differences.

B) genetic differences

To test the effect of vitamin D on growth, two groups of rats were raised under identical conditions and fed the same diet. One of the groups received daily injections of vitamin D. The other group received injections of saline, which did not contain vitamin D. All the rats were weighed weekly for 2 months. In this experiment, the control was the A) group receiving vitamin D. B) group receiving saline. C) average weight gain of the rats. D) 2-month period of time.

B) group receiving saline

The Bacteria and Eukarya domains are distinguished by: A) all members of bacteria being single celled and all members of eukarya being multicellular B) in bacteria, the absence or presence of organelles, such as a nucleus C) all the bacteria getting nutrients via absorption and all eukarya by photosynthesis D) The fact that only eukarya have the ability to grow and reproduce

B) in bacteria, the absence or presence of organelles, such as a nucleus

Science cannot answer certain faith-based questions because A) scientists are not able to study human behavior. B) moral values differ among individuals C) morality requires deductive reasoning D) there aren't enough variables. E) scientists cannot express moral values

B) moral values differ among individuals

A mutation can be the cause for A) environmental change. B) natural selection. C) sexual reproduction. D) growth and development. E) sperm and egg formation

B) natural selection.

In evolutionary terms, which of the following cells is considered to be the most primitive? A) eukaryote B) prokaryote C) autotroph D) heterotroph

B) prokaryote

You observe a plant on your windowsill that is growing at an angle toward the outside. This is an example of a living thing A) maintaining precise internal conditions. B) responding to stimuli. C) reproducing. D) evolving.

B) responding to stimuli.

A carefully formulated scientific explanation that is based on extensive observations and is in accord with scientific principles is called a A) hypothesis. B) theory. C) fact. D) control. E) postulate.

B) theory.

A bacterium divides into two bacteria that are identical to, but smaller than, the original bacterium. A. Growth B. Reproduction C. Maintaining precise internal conditions D. Evolution E. Response to stimuli

B. Reproduction

Suppose you are testing a treatment for AIDS patients and find that 75% respond very well whereas 25% show no improvement or a decline in health. You should: A) conclude that you have proven the effectiveness of the drug. B) conclude that only 75% of AIDS patients should be treated. C) review the results, modify the drug or the dosage, and repeat the experiment. D) discontinue experimentation with this treatment because 25% of patients did not improve. E) begin work on developing a new drug.

C) review the results, modify the drug or the dosage, and repeat the experiment.

All the following are features of the scientific method EXCEPT: A) hypothesis formulation. B) observation and experimentation. C) supernatural causes. D) inductive reasoning. E) repeatable by other scientists.

C) supernatural causes.

The concept of evolution is based on A) any type of genetic variation within a population. B) inheritance of variations by offspring of parents with the variations. C) survival and successful reproduction in organisms with favorable variations. D) all genetic variation in a population being equally successful in the same environment.

C) survival and successful reproduction in organisms with favorable variations.

Which is NOT an example of evolution? A) The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria B) Flightless birds living on islands without predators C) Annual changes in the flu virus D) A dog learning how to open the cabinet where its food is kept E) The 2- to 3-year effectiveness of most commercial pesticides

D) A dog learning how to open the cabinet where its food is kept

Which of these is NOT scientific? A) A study determines differences in the species composition in two parks. B) People are immunized with different vaccines to determine their relative effectiveness against the flu virus. C) NASA sends tadpoles up in the space shuttle to see how gravity affects their development. D) Consumers are asked which tomato variety produces the best-tasting spaghetti sauce. E) A company uses different advertising methods for a product to determine which one produces the most sales.

D) Consumers are asked which tomato variety produces the best-tasting spaghetti sauce.

Which of the following statements is a hypothesis rather than a theory? A) Matter is composed of atoms. B) Living things are made of cells. C) Modern organisms descended from preexisting life-forms. D) Female birds prefer to mate with male birds that have longer tails

D) Female birds prefer to mate with male birds that have longer tails.

Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning? A) All objects on Earth will fall down when dropped, and none will "fall up." B) Living objects are composed of cells. C) Atoms make up molecules, which make up cells, which make up tissues. D) If a new species of bacteria is discovered, it will be made up of organic molecules

D) If a new species of bacteria is discovered, it will be made up of organic molecules

Of the following levels of organization, Archaea have A) atoms only. B) molecules only. C) organs only. D) atoms and molecules. E) atoms, molecules, and organs.

D) atoms and molecules.

In a word, "evolution" means A) selection. B) improvement. C) nature. D) change.

D) change.

Chromosomes are made of A) cells. B) carbohydrates C) organelles. D) deoxyribonucleic acid.

D) deoxyribonucleic acid.

Evolution is sometimes described as the change from preexisting life-forms to modern-day organisms. What actually changes, in every case of evolution, is the A) rate of reproduction. B) ability of organisms to respond to external stimuli. C) energy and nutritional demands of the organism. D) genetic makeup of the species. E) species' physical appearance.

D) genetic makeup of the species.

The main difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph is A) how they reproduce. B) how they respond to stimuli. C) their ability to move. D) how they obtain energy

D) how they obtain energy

A scientific explanation that is tentative and requires more investigation is called a(n) A) theory. B) fact. C) control. D) hypothesis. E) observation.

D) hypothesis.

Using its antennae, the male moth finds female moths by following a trail of airborne chemicals, called pheromones, upwind from the female producing them. This is an example of how living things A) acquire nutrients. B) grow. C) reproduce. D) respond to stimuli. E) maintain precise internal conditions.

D) respond to stimuli.

Over time, the average neck length of giraffes has increased. Only those giraffes with longer necks survived by eating the leaves high up on the trees, and they were able to reproduce and pass those long-neck genes on to the next generation. A. Growth B. Reproduction C. Maintaining precise internal conditions D. Evolution E. Response to stimuli

D. Evolution

Imagine that 1 milliliter of an experimental drug diluted in a saline solution is injected into 20 pregnant mice to determine possible side effects. Which of the following is a suitable control for this experiment? A) 20 male mice injected with 1 milliliter of saline B) 20 male mice injected with 1 milliliter of the drug C) 20 pregnant mice injected with 2 milliliters of the drug D) 20 nonpregnant mice injected with 1 milliliter of the drug E) 20 pregnant mice injected with 1 milliliter of saline

E) 20 pregnant mice injected with 1 milliliter of saline

Which is the correct sequence of increasing organization? A) Molecule, cell, organelle, organ B) Organelle, tissue, cell, organ C) Atom, molecule, tissue, cell D) Organ, tissue, cell, molecule E) Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

E) Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Which group has prokaryotic individuals? A) Protist kingdoms B) Kingdom Fungi C) Kingdom Plantae D) Kingdom Animalia E) Domain Archaea

E) Domain Archaea

Which of the following is FALSE about scientific theories? A) They have been thoroughly tested. B) They are developed by inductive reasoning. C) They are used to support observations using deductive reasoning. D) They can be either supported or modified by new observations. E) They are firmly established and cannot be refuted.

E) They are firmly established and cannot be refuted.

All of the following are important to the theory of evolution EXCEPT: A) environmental change. B) variation in traits within a population. C) mutations. D) inheritance of traits. E) changes in individuals within their lifetimes.

E) changes in individuals within their lifetimes.

All of the following are true of all living organisms EXCEPT that they A) are made of cells. B) can grow. C) can reproduce themselves. D) respond to stimuli. E) possess either DNA or RNA

E) possess either DNA or RNA.

A paramecium moves from direct light toward the dark. A. Growth B. Reproduction C. Maintaining precise internal conditions D. Evolution E. Response to stimuli

E. Response to stimuli

A sunflower follows the sun as it move across the sky during the day. A. Growth B. Reproduction C. Maintaining precise internal conditions D. Evolution E. Response to stimuli

E. Response to stimuli