Biology Chapter4

Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotic cells?

a nucleus

junction: Cadherins bind to intermediate filaments

adherens junction

The microtubules in a eukaryotic flagellum are derived from ....

basal bodies

Bacterial cells are encased by a strong cell wall of peptidoglycan. Which of the following accurately describes peptidoglycan?

carbohydrate matrix cross-linked by short polypeptide units

What enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide to harmless substances in peroxisomes?

catalase

The cell walls of plants and protists are made of the polysaccharide ______ while the cell wall of fungal cells are made of the polysaccharide_____

cellulose; chitin

In plants, photosynthesis occurs in semiautonomous organelles called

chloroplasts

The fibrous protein called, ______, found in the extracellular matrix f animal cells is also a major component of cartilage and tendons.

collagen

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

communication

The inner folded membrane of the mitochondria has numerous contiguous layers called

cristae

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

cytoskeletal structures

The fibers of the ____ provide the scaffolding to hold certain enzymes in place in a cell

cytoskeleton

Which part of the cell's primary function is to support cell shape and anchor organelles to fixed locations?

cytoskeleton

junction:Cadherins bind to microfilaments

desmosomes

Most cells are relatively small for reasons related to the _____ of substances into and out of cells.

diffusion

Scientist have proposed that chloroplasts and mitochondria arose by a process called _____, in which a smaller cell comes to live inside a larger cell.

endosymbiosis

The long, threadlike structures protruding from the surface of prokaryotic cells that are used for locomotion are which of the following?

flagella

During photosynthesis, chloroplasts capture light energy and synthesize which of the following organic molecules?

glucose

Which of the following organelles are part of the endomembrane system?

golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum

Lysosomes contain enzymes which are able to break down which of the following?

lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and proteins

The rough endoplasmic reticulum plays a role in sorting proteins that are destined for which of the following locations?

lysosomes, vacuoles, and plasma membrane

Another term for actin filaments is...

microfilaments

_____ are the instruments used to magnify and visualize cells and cellular components

microscopes

Centrosomes, also called ______- organizing centers, are important for cell division in animals

microtubule

The organelles that are both surrounded by a double membrane, have their own DNA, are involved in energy metabolism, and have their own protein synthesis machinery are the

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Which cellular structure maintains the shape of the nucleus?

nuclear lamina

Eukaryotic cells achieve compartmentalization through an extensive endomembrane system that weaves through the interior of the cell and by numerous membrane-bound________ system , Incorrect Unavailable that form compartments where biochemical processes can occur independently.

organelles

Hydrophobic lipids are made soluble in the cytoplasm by being coated with

phospholipids

The largest vacuoles, which can occupy most of the cell volume, are found in which type of cell?

plant

Gap junctions can typically be in the ______ of a cell

plasma membrane

Junction:Cytoplasmic connections between the cell walls of plants

plasmodesmata

Based on cell structure, all life forms can be placed into 2 categories called ....

prokaryotic, and eukaryotes

Surface ____ give cells their identity. In multicellular organisms, this allows the recongnition of cells that are the same tissue type.

proteins

Ribosomes are responsible for _____ synthesis in the cell.

protien

The production of proteins is achieved by which of the following structures?

ribosomes

What is found in all cells?

ribosomes

What are the common features to bacteria and archaea

ribosomes and a plasma membrane

Functions that include glycoprotein production and protein sorting are characteristics of the ______ endoplasmic reticulum

rough

Functions that include steroid synthesis and assembly of membrane lipids are characteristics of the ______ endoplasmic reticulum

smooth

Ca2+ ions are stored in the _____ endoplasmic _____

smooth; reitculum

Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include which of the following?

steriod synthesis, storage of calcium, and assembly of membrane lipids

Cells that are part of the same tissue type recognize each other based on

surface proteins

Archaea differ from bacteria in which of the following ways?

they lack peptidoglycan

junction:Leak-proof seal that surrounds the cell

tight junction

The back of the Golgi apparatus is referred to as the

trans face

When a eukaryotic flagellum moves, the up and down waving motion is called

undulation

The central ____ of a plant cell is involved in maintaining the tonicity of the cell

vacuole

Peroxisomes contain the enzyme catalase that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and

water

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Mitochondria

Identify the fibers which are used in the cell division of animal cells.

Actin and microtubules

Which of the following are responsible for cellular movements such as contraction and crawling?

Actin filaments

Which structure is involved in eukaryotic cell division?

Centrosome

What can pass through a gap junction?

Amino acids and glucose

Eukaryotic cells are much more complex than prokaryotic cells. What is the main reason for that?

Because metabolic processes in eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized.

Which of the following are functions of lysosomes?

Breaking down macromolecules in the cell. Digestion of substances taken in by endocytosis. Recycling of building blocks to make new molecules

What are the main points of cell theory?

Cells are the smallest living things. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell.

Which of the following is NOT a type of intercellular junction?

Cleavage furrow

Which is found in all cells?

Cytoplasm, plasma membrane, ribosomes, and genetic material

Which of the following is NOT a function of the extracellular matrix?

Defense

What is a major function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Detoxify drugs and poisons

Which of the following is the the most important factor that limits the size of cells?

Diffusion of substances in and out of the cell

What term describes a relationship, in which a smaller cell lives inside a larger cell?

Endosymbiosis

Which structure forms a protective layer rich in glycoproteins on the surface of cells?

Extracellular matrix

What is true of bacterial flagella?

Flagella propel bacterial cells forward. Movement is powered by a proton gradient. Bacteria move by rotating their flagella like screws.

The cell wall of which type of cell is composed of chitin?

Fungal

junction:involes connexon proteins that create a pore to connect cells

Gap junctions

The functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum include which of the following?

Glycoprotein synthesis. Protein synthesis. protein sorting

Which organelle in the cell is mostly responsible for packaging and shipping products within the cell?

Golgi apparatus

Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes in animal cells?

Lysosome

Which of the following cell structures is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Mitochondria

Which of the following is the largest organelle present in eukaryotic cells?

Nucleus

What are structures that are only found in prokaryotic cells?

Pili and nucleoid

Which of the following statements is correct?

Plant cells do have an extracellular matrix and a cell wall

Which of the following is false?

Plant cells lack mitochondria since they have chloroplasts

Which of the following junction types is only found in plants?

Plasmodesmata

What are the similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts

Presence of protein synthesizing ribosomes, and presence of DNA

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

Proteins

Of the following features, which are common to bacteria and archaea?

Ribosomes A plasma membrane

Which organelle is primarily responsible for making most of the cell's membranes?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Who speculated that cells are living entities and plants are aggregates of cells?

Schleiden

_______ extended Schleiden's hypothesis by suggesting that animal tissue was made up of cells.

Theodor Schwann

The purpose of a compound light microscope can best be described as which of the following?

To allow the visualization of cells and cellular components

What type of microscope would be used to view the smaller organelles of a cell?

Transmission electron microscope

The core of lipid droplets could contain which of the following lipids?

Triglycerides, and sterols