Biology Chapters 6-7 Review

Which of the following five membranes is most likely to have a lipid composition that is distinct from those of the other four? (Concept 6.5)

mitochondrial outer membrane

A sodium-potassium pump ________.

moves three sodium ions out of a cell and two potassium ions into a cell using energy from ATP hydrolysis

Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common? (Concept 6.2)

ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm

The internal solute concentration of a plant cell is about 0.8 M. To demonstrate plasmolysis, it would be necessary to suspend the cell in what solution?

1.0M

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus. nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane.

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

Green olives may be preserved in brine, which is a 30% salt solution. How does this method of preservation prevent microorganisms from growing in the olives? (Concept 7.3) (Chapter 7)

A 30% salt solution is hypertonic to the bacteria, so they lose too much water and undergo plasmolysis.

Which of the following plant cells would exhibit the most tugor pressure?

A cell placed in a hypotonic solution

Cells A and B are the same size, shape, and temperature, but cell A is metabolically less active than cell B; cell B is actively converting oxygen to water in cellular respiration. Oxygen will diffuse more rapidly into cell __________ because __________.

B; the diffusion gradient in cell B is steeper

If a red blood cell and a plant cell were placed in seawater, what would happen to the two types of cells?

Both cells would lose water; the red blood cell would shrivel, and the plant plasma membrane would pull away from the cell wall.

What is the explanation for how a modern transmission electron microscope (TEM) can achieve a resolution of about 0.2 nanometers, whereas a standard light microscope has a maximum resolution of about 200 nanometers?

Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light.

A nursing infant is able to obtain disease-fighting antibodies, which are large protein molecules, from it's mother's milk. These molecules probably enter the cells lining the baby's digestive tract via process?

Endocytosis

Which of the following processes and organelles accounts for the replacement of lipids and proteins lost from the plasma membrane?

Exocytosis and smooth and rough ER

Which of these statements describes some aspect of facilitated diffusion?

Facilitated diffusion of solutes may occur through channel or transport proteins in the membrane.

Microtubules and microfilaments commonly work with which of the following to perform many of their functions? (Concept 6.6)

Golgi Apparatus

Which of the following statements concerning carbohydrates associated with the plasma membrane is correct?

Membrane carbohydrates function primarily in cell-cell recognition.

Which of the following functions of membrane proteins is important in tissue formation during embryonic development in animals? (Concept 7.1)

Membrane proteins with short sugar chains form identification tags that are recognized by other cells.

Which of the following is FALSE? (Concept 6.5) SHOW HINT Mitochondria possess their own DNA. Mitochondria have more than one membrane. Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space. Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism. The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called cristae.

Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space.

Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of cytoskeleton with which of the following?

Motor proteins

Red blood cells contain approximately a 2%concentration of solutes. A red blood cells is placed into a solution that contains a 4% concentration of solutes to which the cell is not permeable. What will happen to the red blood cell?

The cell will decrease in size as water flows out of it.

The plasma membrane is referred to as a "fluid mosaic" structure. Which of the following statements about that model is true?

The fluid aspect of the membrane is due to the lateral and rotational movement of phospholipids, and embedded proteins account for the mosaic aspect.

Active transport requires an input of energy and can also generate voltages across membranes. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true? (Concept 7.4)

The sodium-potassium pump hydrolyzes ATP and results in a net positive change outside the cell membrane.

A cell placed into a solution and the cell shrinks. Which of the following is true regarding the solution?

The solution is hypertonic.

Which of the following is correct regarding peripheral proteins?

These proteins are found only on the surface of the plasma membrane.

A single plant cell is placed in an isotonic solution. Salt is then added to the solution. Which of the following would occur as a result of the salt addition? (Concept 7.3)

Water would leave the cell by osmosis, causing the volume of the cytoplasm to decrease.

A single plant cell is placed in an isotonic solution. Salt is then added to the solution. Which of the following would occur as a result of the salt addition? (Concept 7.3) (Chapter 7)

Water would leave the cell by osmosis, causing the volume of the cytoplasm to decrease.

The force driving simple diffusion is ________, while the energy source for active transport is ________.

a concentration gradient; ATP hydrolysis

The extracellular matrix of the animal cells has all of the following except....

a middle lamella

A particular cell has a nucleus and chloroplasts in addition to the fundamental structures required by all cells. Based on this information, this cell could be __________. (Concept 6.2)

a photosynthetic protist cell or a plant cell

Define isotonic solution

a solution with the same concentration as that on the other side of the membrane

Which of the following structures is found in animal cells but NOT in plant cells? (Concept 6.6) SHOW HINT rough endoplasmic reticulum plasma membrane mitochondria centrioles Golgi apparatus

centrioles

Animal cells have unique organelles called __________ that are composed of structures called __________.

centrosomes; centrioles

Observing a fluorescent micrograph cell with intermediate filaments would help you identify the cells as a __________.

human skin cell

A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should she choose and why is it the best choice? (Concept 6.1)

light microscope, because the specimen is alive

Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in _____.

chloroplasts

Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. You observe that when the synthesis of the protein is completed, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found? (Concept 6.4)

embedded in the plasma membrane, functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell

A characteristic 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules is associated with ________.

eukaryotic flagella and motile cilia

The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized __________.

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus

Diffusion of ions across membranes through specific ion channels is driven by ________.

ion electrochemical gradients

According to the fluid mosaic model, a membrane ________.

is composed of a fluid bilayer of phospholipids with embedded amphipathic proteins

The ER is part of the endomembrane system, which also includes the __________.

nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________.

plasmodesmata

Cell junctions in plant cells are called ____________, and communicating junctions in animal cells are called __________.

plasmodesmata; gap junctions

Which of the following enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific kind of molecule? (Concept 7.5) (Chapter 7)

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Evidence that supports the prokaryotic origins of mitochondria chloroplast are all of the following except....

that mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of linear DNA molecules associated with their inner membranes

Define hypertonic solution

the solution with HIGHER concentration of SOLUTE and LOWER concentrations of WATER water diffusionin in to the membrane will cause the membrane to swell (low to high)

The function of the rough ER is....

to synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins

Which of the following statements correctly describes a common characteristic of a plant cell wall and an animal cell extracellular matrix? (Concept 6.7) SHOW HINT Both are permeable to water and small solutes. Both contain large amounts of collagen. Both are composed primarily of carbohydrates. Both are permeable to water and small solutes, and both contain large amounts of collagen. Both are permeable to water and small solutes, both contain large amounts of collagen, and both are composed primarily of carbohydrates.

Both are permeable to water and small solutes.

Which of the following is false with respect to cell's chromosomes? Chromosomes are only visible as a cell is about to divide. Chromosomes contain DNA and proteins. Chromosomes are present throughout a cell's reproductive cycle. Chromosomes exist even when cells are not actively synthesizing proteins.

Chromosomes are only visible as a cell is about to divide.

Which of the following organelles produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following sequences represents the order in which a protein made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum might move through the endomembrane system? (Concept 6.4) SHOW HINT Golgi apparatus → lysosome plasma membrane → nuclear envelope lysosome → plasma membrane nuclear envelope → lysosome Golgi apparatus → mitochondria

Golgi apparatus → lysosome

Which of the following statements correctly describes osmosis?

In osmosis, water moves across a membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration.

Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?

Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A cell has a membrane potential of -100 mV (more negative inside than outside) and has 1,000 times more calcium ions outside the cell than inside. Which of the following best describes a mechanism by which Ca2+ enters the cell? (Concept 7.4)

facilitated diffusion of Ca2+ into the cell down its electrochemical gradient

The network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in a cell......

is the cytoskeleton

Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?

mRNA

Microfilaments function in cell motility including....

muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cytoplasmic streaming in plants

Define hypotonic solution

the solution with the LOWER concentration of SOLUTE and HIGHER concentrations of WATER water diffusion will cause the membrane to shrivle bc the water has to leave (low to high)