Biology, Chemistry of Life, Q4
The major subdivisions of Proteins
- Amino acids
Four types of carbon or organic compounds within living organisms
- Carbohydrates - Lipids - Proteins - Nucleic acids
The major subdivisions of Nucleic Acids
- DNA - RNA
The major subdivisions of Lipids
- Fats - Steroids - Phospholipids
The major subdivisions of Carbohydrates
- Starches - Sugars
large organic molecules which are synthesized from multiple identical subunits
- carbohydrates - polymers - proteins - nucleic acids
Fatty acids
Building Blocks of Lipids
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides making them complex sugars
lamp oil is an organic compound that has this component
lipids
roles played by proteins
- enzyme - antibody - hormone - muscle
the number of electrons carbon lacks in its outer shell
4
in a protein molecule, the number of amino acid molecules may be as many as
5,000
steroids
A type of LIPID characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.
starches
Complex CARBOHYDRATES that are composed of many sugars linked together.
paired set
DNA "rung"
sugar and phosphate
DNA "upright"
steriods
LIPIDS whose structures resemble chicken-wire fence. include cholesterol and sex hormones
antibodies
Specialized PROTEINS that aid in destroying infectious agents
DNA has a structure similar to
a ladder
two bases of DNA connect the double chain of DNA like
a step on a ladder
Peptide bonds form between
amino acids
the most highly concentrated energy sources
are found in lipids (delicious)
sugar is an organic compound that has this component
carbohydrate
saccharides
carbohydrate units
lipids are chemically most similar to
carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
carry the genetic codes which determine the structure and function of an organism
the most readily available source of energy
comes from carbohydrates
polysaccharides
complex sugars
electron sharing
covalent bonding
hydrolysis
decomposition
DNA
double-stranded
Of the three lipid types, phospohlipids are more similar to
fats
genetic code - DNA and RNA
formed of nucleic acids
Carbohydrates are converted to energy by the process of
hydrolysis
lipids serve the function of
insulation against the cold
electron exchange
ionic bonding
fats
most highly concentrated energy source
"blueprint" molecules
nucleic acids
the largest molecules in organisms
nucleic acids
synthesis
polymerization
enzymes are an organic compound that has this component
protein
many elements bond to carbon by
sharing electrons (covalent bond) and not exchanging electrons (ionic bond)
monosaccharides
simple sugars
meat and cheese
the most abundant sources of protein
DNA bases are attached to
the phosphate part of the structure
when compounds which are formed from ionic bonds decompose
the products are usually ions of the original elements
Lipids are composed of
the same basic elements as carbohydrates
the most abundant source of carbohydrates
vegetables
Lipids are not soluble in
water