Biology Exam 2

Several chemical reactions degrade glucose (a 6-carbon molecule) into 3 carbon molecules, and then into carbon dioxide. These reactions collect the energy released to form ATP. This is an example of...

A catabolic pathway

And ion or molecule that binds to an enzyme in a location other than the reaction side could be...

A cofactor or non-competitive inhibitor

Cyanide binds to the active site of an enzyme that catalyzes one of the reactions during aerobic respiration. Once bound, the enzyme cannot catalyze it's normal reaction and no ATP is produced. Cyanide is...

A competitive inhibitor

A rate of diffusion is likely to decrease with...

A decrease in temperature

When NADH becomes oxidized, releasing electrons, it becomes...

A lower energy molecule

Which of the following correctly demonstrates the flow of energy through an ecosystem?

A producer absorbing sunlight

What does chemiosmosis involve?

A proton concentration gradient providing energy to synthesize ATP

Which type of molecule is most likely to diffuse easily across a cell membrane?

A small hydrophobic molecule

Which of the following is a reactant in a chemical reaction?

A substrate

Products formed by Calvin cycle and used during light dependent reactions include

ADP, NADP+

Products formed by the light dependent reactions and used by the Calvin cycle include...

ATP, NADPH

Accessory pigments within the chloroplast are responsible for...

Absorbing protons of different wavelengths of light

Leaves are green because the pigment chlorophyll A...

Absorbs blue and red light

Which transport method is used when a cell must move molecules against a concentration gradient?

Active transport

When oxygen is available, Facultative anaerobes such as yeast primarily form...

Aerobic respiration

When proteins are degraded by aerobic respiration, which of these waste products must be converted to a less toxic form, and then eliminated from the body?

Ammonia

Which of the following best describes an autotroph?

An organism that makes it's own food

During the formation of acetyl-CoA, what other molecule is produced by pyruvate?

Carbon dioxide

Which of the following are required for photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide, water, energy.

Which is the correct order of the Calvin cycle?

Carbon fixation, synthesis of G3P, regeneration of RUBP

The organic molecule reactant that enters the Krebs cycle is carried by...

Coenzyme A

Which condition is responsible for the direction in which molecules diffuse?

Concentration gradient

Which of the following can be converted to store body fat?

Dietary fats carbohydrates and proteins

Although 4 ATP are produced by glycolysis reactions, this pathway produces a net gain of only 2ATP because 2ATP are used...

During the early reactions of glycolysis

What term would apply to the priming reactions of glycolysis?

Endergonic

Cells use the energy released by ATP molecules to fuel...

Endergonic reactions

Which statement best differentiates endocytosis from exocytosis?

Endocytosis takes in. Exocytosis releases.

Active and passive transport differ... Active transport...

Energy expenditure by the cell

FADH2 molecules produce fewer ATP than NADH molecules during oxidative phosphorylation because electrons from FADH2...

Enter the ETC later than electrons from NADH transporting fewer protons

Which of the following does not provide energy of activation to a chemical reaction?

Enzymes

The condition in which molecules are evenly distributed

Equilibrium

Yeast cells utilize a fermentation pathway that converts pyruvate into carbon dioxide and...

Ethanol

Burning gasoline gives off a large amount of heat, indicating the reaction is...

Exergonic

During aerobic respiration which of these molecules is produced only in the Krebs cycle?

FADH2

Stirring a drink after sugar is added...

Facilitates equilibrium

Deliver produces glucose from glycogen... This is an example of...

Feedback inhibition

Which of the following describes the specific role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

Final electronic scepter

In eukaryotic cells which aerobic respiration stages occur entirely in the mitochondrial matrix?

Formation of acetyl-CoA and Krebs cycle

The function of photosynthesis is to produce...

Glucose

Humans are...

Heterotrophs

The lower concentration side of a concentration gradient across the membrane is called...

Hypo-osmotic

In eukaryotes, where does glycolysis occur?

In the cytoplasm

During aerobic respiration in eukaryotes, a high concentration of protons accumulates in which part of the cell?

Inter-membrane

A drug that disassembles the cytoskeleton...

Intracellular transport

The longer the wavelength the...

Less energy the photon contains

When stomata are closed, oxygen concentrations increase as a result of...

Light dependent reactions

Which of the following photosynthesis events is incorrectly paired with its locations?

Lights dependent reactions, Stroma

CAM plants produce carbohydrates using a modified pathway for carbon fixation. Considering the adaptations present in this modified pathway, the volume of carbs CAM plants could produce in warm, wet conditions is probably...

Limited by the efficiency and bundle of sheath cells

Organisms living in salty environment such as the ocean must protect their cells from...

Losing too much water

An adolescent is brought to the hospital with a temperature of 107 degrees Fahrenheit. The doctors order an ice bath. What is the concern?

Many of the patients enzymes will lose function

Which of the following demonstrates the second law of thermodynamics?

Most of the water down a river flows around a boat

Osmosis may be best described as...

Movement of water across a membrane

Which of the following conditions produces lactic acid through fermentation?

Muscle cells through strenuous exercise

Which of the following molecules accepts the electron and hydrogen ions released from glucose during glycolysis?

NAD+

What molecule is directly produced by the electron transport system following PS 1?

NADPH

A molecule binds to an enzyme in a region different from the active site. This binding changes the shape of the active site so the substrate can no longer bind, reducing in zyme activity. This molecule is a...

Noncompetitive inhibitor

The sequence of electrons flow during light dependent reactions is...

PS2, ETC1, PS 1, ETC 2, NADPH

To decrease photorespiration, C4 plants...

Physically separate light dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle

A person accidentally waters a plant with salty water and it begins to wilts...

Plasmolysis

The water at the top of a waterfall has...

Potential energy

What is the primary function of cellular respiration in living cells?

Produce ATP

ATP synthesis allows the directional movement of which molecules?

Protons from the inter-membrane space to the matrix

In the electron transport chain of photosynthesis, the energy released as electrons travel between molecules is to...

Pump protons

Diffusion may be described as...

Random movement of molecules

The primary function of the post glycolysis reactions in fermentation is to...

Recycle NADH to NAD+ allowing glycolysis to continue

The primary reason plant stomata close is to...

Reduce water loss

During cellular reactions, enzymes are...

Returned to their original state

Which term best describes the selective nature of cell membrane transport?

Semi permeable

Which of these describes oxidative phosphorylation?

Series of oxidation reduction reactions to produce ATP

Molecules making up liquids and gases...

Spread throughout available space

What structural feature of a leaf allows plant cell chloroplasts to obtain carbon dioxide from the air?

Stomata

In glycolysis, ATP is produced by...

Substrate level phosphorylation

In the Krebs cycle ATP is produced by

Substrate level phosphorylation

When stomata are closed carbon dioxide may be depleted by...

The Calvin cycle

Which statement best explains a cell under hypertonic conditions?

The cell contents shrink when placed in a hyper-osmotic solution

What is likely to happen to a cell placed in hypotonic conditions?

The cell swells

A potato cell is isolated and placed into pure water...

The cell swells but does not burst

When a car runs out of gasoline, the engine turns off and will not restart unless new gasoline is provided. This effect demonstrates...

The first law of thermodynamics

Which of the following is an important difference between the light dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis?

The light dependent reactions produce short-term chemical energy. The Calvin cycle produces stable energy storage molecules.

Which of the following is true about endergonic reactions?

The reactants have less potential energy than the products

Which of the following characteristics describes an exergonic reaction?

The reactants have more potential energy than the products

How is the chlorophyll A molecules located inside the reaction center of photosystem different from the pigments outside the reaction center?

The reaction center chlorophyll A delivers excited electrons to the ETC

The reaction that releases energy from ATP breaks the covalent bond between...

The second and third phosphate groups

The term cycle is used in the Calvin cycle because...

The starting molecule must be regenerated by the pathway to...

In facilitated diffusion, saturation occurs when...

There are not enough transporters available to transport all of the molecules

The pigments responsible for like absorption are located in the...

Thylakoid membrane

The transfer of energy in our biosphere is...

Undirectional

Facilitated diffusion...

Uses protein carriers to transport molecules

Intracellular transport best explains the movement of...

Vesicles from one organelle to another

The energy source for photosynthesis is...

Visible light

By the completion of aerobic respiration, the energetic electrons extracted from glucose have all been transferred to which final product molecules?

Water

When photosystem 2 absorbs light energy, excited electrons leave PS2 and enter an electron transport chain. What must occur before PS 2 can absorb additional light energy?

Water must be oxidized to replenish the electron pool in PS 2

An animal cell is placed in 1% solute...

Water will not move across the membrane

When would a cell require energy coupling?

When energy is required to fuel an endergonic reaction

Imagine a cell that requires a high level of chloride...

When ion concentration is either equal or lower

The active site of an enzyme is...

Where a substrate binds and reacts

When stored fat molecules are degraded the fatty acid delivered to sells for energy into your aerobic respiration as

acetyl -CoA molecules

By the end of glycolysis, one molecule of glucose is slightly oxidized, forming two molecules of...

pyruvate, NADH, ATP