Biology Final

A cell has 12 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?

12

In what decade did the cell theory become an accepted part of biology?

1850s

If a female fruit fly heterozygous for red eyes (XRXr) crossed with a white-eyed male (XrY), what percent of their offspring would have white eyes?

50%

An electron microscope can magnify an object about 500,000 times. How does this magnification compare with the magnification of a compound light microscope?

500 times higher

A pea plant homozygous for the trait of smooth seeds is crossed with a pea plant that is homozygous for the trait of wrinkled seeds. The first generation produces seeds that are all smooth. What percent of the second-generation plants will have smooth seeds when the F1 generation is self-fertilized?

75%

What is a major difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Active transport moves substance against the concentration gradient.

True or False: During the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, light energy is used to split water molecules generating protons and oxygens molecules.

False

True or False: Parents of normal height who have children with achondroplasia are heterozygous for the trait.

False

True or False: The difference between the lower plants and conifers and flowering plants is that do not produce gametophytes.

False

True or False: The dispersal of seeds away from the parents decreases the survival rate of the offspring.

False; increases

True or False: Temperature affects the genotype of Siamese cats, resulting in areas of pigment of different colors.

False; phenotype

True or False: Light energy is trapped and converted into chemical energy during the citric acid cycle.

False; photosynthesis

What would happen to the structure in Figure 7-4 if part D is completely removed?

It would become more rigid.

Which statement is a fundamental principle of the cell theory?

Living organisms are composed of cells.

The reactions of the Calvin cycle are not directly dependent on light, but they usually do not occur at night. Which of the following statements explains why not?

The Calvin cycle depends on products of light reactions.

It is often said that normal cells change into cancerous cells frequently in our bodies. Which of the following explanations accounts for the relative rarity of cancer?

The DNA repair system fixes the mutation that cause cancer.

What major improvement came with the development of the scanning electron microscope?

The images were three dimensional.

Which of these has occurred by the end of prophase?

The nuclear membrane has disappeared.

Infer why chloroplasts are found mostly in the leaves of plants.

The waxy coating on the surface of leaves helps prevents evaporation.

True or False: Cross-pollinated flowers receive pollen from another plant.

True

True or False: Once a person is born, the phenotype is set in place and remains stable throughout the lifetime.

True

Strawberries are an example of what kind of fruit?

aggregate fruit

When roan cattle are mated, 25% of the offspring are red, 50% are roan, and 25% are white. Upon examination, it can be seen that the coat of a roan cow consists of both red and white hairs. This trait is one controlled by ____.

codominant alleles

What would be the best way to estimate the size of C in Figure 7-3?

decrease magnification

If seeds are produced at the end of the growing season, which state do they usually enter?

dormancy

What is the name for the process that occurs when the embryo in a seed starts to grow?

germination

During photosynthesis, light energy is converted to the energy in chemical bonds. What also happens according to the predictions of the second law of thermodynamics?

heat is released in the process

Certain flowers must be pollinated by insects that transfer pollen from the male flower to the female flower. What type of flowers are these?

imperfect

The energy acquired in the light-dependent reactions is used in the light-independent reactions to build glucose molecules. How is this energy transferred from light-dependent to light-independent reactions?

in the bonds of ATP and NADPH molecules

Chloroplast are organelles that convert light energy to sugars. These organelles are found only in plants. Which organelles are found only in animals?

lysosomes

Figure 9-4 illustrates which stage of mitosis?

metaphase

Which type of flower has flower organs in multiples of three?

monocot

What part of the chromosome might be involved with processes such as aging and cancer?

nondisjunction

What is the female reproductive structure of a flower called?

pistil

What is it called when new plants grow from parts of an existing plant?

vegetative reproduction

What is the most likely seed-dispersal mechanism for a coconut?

water

What does the fertilization of an egg form?

zygote