Biology Final Review

Function: CELLULAR RESPIRATION

mitochondria

water on the ground enters the soil

infiltration

What process provides a vital connection between the Sun and the energy needs of living systems? a. decomposition b. cellular respiration c. transpiration d. photosynthesis

photosynthesis

produces sugar (P, CR, or B)

photosynthesis

releases O2 (P, CR, or B)

photosynthesis

uses CO2 (P, CR, or B)

photosynthesis

VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES remain in some organisms, and no longer serve any apparent function

physiological

produces sugar (A, P, or B)

plant

uses CO2 (A, P, or B)

plant

releases O2 (A, P, or B)

plants

Living organisms can be classified as prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Which two structures are common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? a. cell wall and nucleus b. plasma membrane and nucleus c. cell wall and chloroplast d. plasma membrane and cytoplasm

plasma membrane and nucleus

- does not use energy - moves from a high concentration to a low concentration

passive transport

Levels of Organization of organs, tissue, cells, and organ system.

(inside to outside) cell, tissue, organ, organ system

If a cat has 38 chromosomes in each of its body cells, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell after mitosis? a. 19 b. 76 c. 11 d. 38

38

Photosynthesis Equation

6H20+6CO2 = C6H12O6+6O2

Cellular Respiration Equation

6O2+C6H12O6 = 6H20+6CO2

During this cycle, the products from one process serve as the starting materials for the other. Which of the following materials correspond (s) to box number 3? a. sunlight b. carbon dioxide and water c. ATP (energy) and heat d. oxygen and glucose

ATP (energy) and heat

Which of the following statements is true? a. mitosis results in the formation of two haploid gametes which can then combine to form a diploid daughter cell b. during the process of meiosis, haploid cells are formed. After fertilization, the diploid number of chromosomes is restored. c. the process of meiosis forms daughter cells which are genetically identical to their parent cells d. the daughter cells formed during mitosis are genetically similar to, though not identical to, their parent cell

During the process of meiosis, haploid cells are formed. After fertilization, the diploid number of chromosomes is restored.

Which Lake Erie tributary is probably most contaminated with PCBs? a. Portage River b. Ottowa River c. Maumee River d. Ashtabula River

Ottowa

A herd of zebra eating grass includes groups of organisms from different species. These groups best exemplify: a. a biome interaction b. a community interaction c. an ecosystem interaction d. a population interaction

a community interaction

According to the theory of natural selection, which of the following organisms is most likely to survive in the given environments? a. a rabbit with short, brown fur in a cold, snowy, arctic environment b. a large, leafy plant with shallow roots in a hot and dry desert biome c. a bird with a short beak in an area where insects live deep within the ground d. a lizard that exhibits the same coloration as its surrounding plant life

a lizard that exhibits the same coloration as its surrounding plant life

A scientist observes that, when the pH of the environment surrounding an enzyme is changed, the rate the enzyme catalyzes a reaction greatly decreases. Which statement BEST describes how a change in pH can affect an enzyme? a. a pH change can cause the enzyme to change its shape b. a pH change can remove energy necessary to activate an enzyme c. a pH change can add new molecules to the structure of the enzyme d. a pH change can cause an enzyme to react with a different substrate

a pH change can cause the enzyme to change its shape

Agricultural runoff can carry fertilizers into lakes and streams. This runoff can cause algae populations to greatly increase. Which effect does this change in the algae population sizes MOST LIKELY have on affected lakes and streams? a. an increase in water level b. an increase in water clarity c. a reduction in dissolved oxygen needed by fish and shellfish d. a reduction in temperature variations near the water's surface

a reduction in dissolved oxygen needed by fish an shellfish

Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes? a. ability to store hereditary information b. use of organelles to control cell processes c. use of cellular respiration for energy release d. ability to move in response to environmental stimuli

ability to store hereditary information

A researcher observing an ecosystem describes the amount of sunlight, precipitation, and type of soil present. Which factors is the researcher MOST LIKELY describing? a. biotic factors in a forest b. abiotic factors in a prarie c. biotic factors in a tundra d. abiotic factors in an ocean

abiotic factors in a prarie

- requires energy - moves from low concentration to a high concentration

active transport

A mutation occurs in the genes that code for coat color in deer. Which change will MOST LIKELY result from this mutation? a. a change in selection pressures acting on coat color b. a change in the coat-color genes of deer predator species c. an increase in coat-color diversity in the population d. an increase in the number of genes for coat color in the population

an increase in coat-color diversity in the population

a seal's flipper and the similar bat's wing are HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES

anatomical

the hemoglobin in blood of humans and chimpanzees is remarkably similar

biochemical

a region on Earth characterized by a specific climate and dominated by plants and animals suited to living in that climate/geographic area

biome

region on Earth containing all living things

biosphere

This type(s) of cell contains DNA.

both

creates ATP during the process (P, CR, or B)

both

creates energy in the form of ATP (A, P, or B)

both

releases CO2 (A, P, or B)

both

uses sugar (A, P, or B)

both

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two major processes of carbon cycling in living organisms. Which statement correctly describes one similarity between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? a. both occur in animal and plant cells b. both include reactions that transform energy c. both convert light energy into chemical energy d. both synthesize organic molecules as end products

both include reactions that transform energy

releases CO2 (P, CR, or B)

cellular respiration

uses sugar (P, CR, or B)

cellular respiration

Function: ACTIVE IN MOVEMENT OF THE CHROMOSOMES DURING CELL DIVISION

centrioles

Which of the following is an abiotic factor shown in the picture above? a. person b. tree c. grass d. cloud

cloud

all of the populations of various species together

community

Carbon dioxide and oxygen are molecules that can move freely across a plasma membrane. What determines the direction that carbon dioxide and oxygen molecules move? a. orientation of cholesterol in the plasma membrane b. concentration gradient across the plasma membrane c. configuration of phospholipids in the plasma membrane d. location of receptors on the surface of the plasma membrane

concentration gradient across the plasma membrane

the conversion of gas to liquid

condensation

The arrows in a food chain always point in the direction of the ____________________.

consumer

This movement of oxygen molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is known as ____________. a. diffusion b. respiration c. osmosis d. photosynthesis

diffusion

A student wrote several observations in a field notebook. Which term BEST classifies all of the student's observations. a. population b. food chain c. ecosystem d. community

ecosystem

all of the abiotic factors in an area at a given time

ecosystem

early stages of development in many species with backbones are very similar

embryological

the movement of a large substance INTO a cell by means of a vesicle

endocytosis

Function: TRANSPORT WITHIN THE CYTOPLASM

endoplasmic reticulum

This type(s) of cell contains a nucleus.

eukaryote

This type(s) of cell contains organelles.

eukaryote

type of vaporization that occurs on surface of liquid before reaching its boiling point

evaporation

Which example is an activity that fish MOST LIKELY use to maintain homeostasis within the body? a. using camouflage to avoid predators b. feeding at night to regulate body temperature c. moving to deeper water to regulate metabolic wastes d. exchanging gases through its gills to regulate oxygen levels

exchanging gases through its gills to regulate oxygen levels

the movement of a material OUT of a cell by means of a vesicle

exocytosis

a record of ancient life forms in rock

fossil

What is most likely the result of this mutation? a. genetic variation b. genetic clones c. incomplete translation d. identical offspring

genetic variation

What are the 3 major steps of aerobic respiration?

glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain

Function: PACKAGES SECRETIONS

golgi apparatus

What organisms undergo cellular respiration?

heterotrophs

A group of students measured a ten-square-meter section of a pond ecosystem and recorded observations. Which statement is a testable hypothesis? a. the frogs living in the pond represent a population b. water is an abiotic component in the pond ecosystem c. if the fish are given more food, then they will be happier d. if the frogs are startled, then they will jump into the water

if the frogs are startled, the they will jump into the water

Substance A is converted to substance B in a metabolic reaction. Which statement BEST describes the role of an enzyme during this reaction? a. it adjusts the pH of the reaction medium b. it provides energy to carry out the reaction c. it dissolves substance A in the reaction medium d. it speeds up the reaction without being consumed

it dissolves substance A in the reaction medium

The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus work together in eukaryotic cells. What is one way that the rough endoplasmic reticulum assists the Golgi apparatus? a. it assembles nucleic acids from monomers b. it breaks down old, damaged macromolecules c. it packages new protein molecules into vesicles d. it determines which protein molecules to synthesize

it packages new protein molecules into vesicles

Why does an enzyme function as a catalyst in a reaction? a. it creates the right pH needed for the reaction b. it decreases the amount of energy needed for the reaction c. it provides the extra energy needed for the reaction d. it maintains the proper temperature needed for the reaction

it provides the extra energy needed for the reaction

Using a microscope, a student observes a small, green organelle in a plant cell. Which energy transformation MOST LIKELY occurs first within the observed organelle? a. ATP to light b. heat to electrical c. light to chemical d. chemical to chemical

light to chemical

Function: STORAGE OF DIGESTIVE ENZYMES

lysosomes

Often, organisms compete with each other for food as a food source. Which of the following pairs of organisms compete with each other for food> a. mice and rabbits b. squirrels and owls c. rabbits and green plants d. mice and owls

mice and rabbits

Energy conversion within an animal cell would be severely limited by removal of the cell's: a. lysosomes b. chloroplasts c. plastids d. mitochondria

mitochondria

Mitosis and meiosis are processes by which animal and plant cells divide. Which statement BEST describes a difference between meiosis and mitosis? a. meiosis is a multi-step process b. mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells c. meiosis is used in the repair of an organism d. mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells

mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells

Given this description of the taiga, which of the following organisms is best suited to live in this biome? a. camels b. parrots c. frogs d. moose

moose

The graphs illustrate change in a lizard population over time. Which process MOST LIKELY led to the change in the lizard population? a. natural selection acting on a harmful trait b. natural selection acting on a beneficial trait c. natural selection acting on a dominant trait d. natural selections acting on a recessive trait

natural selection acting on a beneficial trait

A farer observed that an increase in a field's soil nitrogen content was followed by an increase in producer productivity. What does this observation MOST LIKELY indicate about the relationship between nitrogen and he producers in the field? a. nitrogen was a biotic factor b. nitrogen was a limiting factor c. nitrogen became a surplus resource d. nitrogen became a selection pressure

nitrogen was a limiting factor

Function: CONTAINS HEREDITARY INFORMATION

nucleus

What information do fossils provide about the history of organisms on Earth? a. organisms have stayed exactly the same since the Earth was formed b. organisms on Earth have not evolved or changed during the last 200 years c. fossils do not provide any information about the history of organisms on Earth d. organisms on Earth have evolved and changed significantly over time

organisms on Earth have evolved and changed significantly over time

RAIN, SNOW, SLEET, HAIL

precipitation

A species of snapping turtles has a tongue that resembles a worm. The tongue is used to attract small fish. Which BEST describes the interaction between the fish and the snapping turtle. a. predation b. parasitism c. symbiosis d. competition

predation

What interaction is shown between the lion and the zebra in the picture to the left? a. predator/prey b. parasite/host c. consumer/decomposer d. consumer/producer

predator/prey

The above diagram suggests that: a. energy flows from secondary consumers to primary consumers in an ecosystem b. tertiary consumers are the ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem c. there are more tertiary consumers than producers in an energy pyramid d. producers are the foundation of all energy pyramids

producers are the foundation of all energy pyramids

The Earth's carbon cycle consists of the flow, cycling, and recycling of ll of the carbon on the Earth. Every living organism's composition includes the element carbon. How does carbon become part of living organisms? a. producers take in carbon directly from the soil through their roots, and consumers eat the producers b. producers take in carbon dioxide from the air, and consumers wat the producers c. carbon is a part of sunlight and enters through the skins of all organisms d. consumers take in carbon dioxide from the air, and producers eat the consumers

producers take in carbon dioxide from the air, and consumers water the producers

A bacteria cell is an example of this type of cell.

prokaryote

Most organisms can be divided into two categories - prokaryotes and eukaryotes. What is the main difference between these two categories? a. eukaryotes are living organisms whereas prokaryotes include some nonliving matter b. prokaryotes do not possess any means of locomotion and are thus unable to move c. prokaryote do not possess a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles d. eukaryotes are found in all of the six major taxonomic kingdoms

prokaryotes do not possess any means of locomotion and are thus unable to move

In North America, the eastern spotted skunk mates in late winter, and the western spotted skunk mates in late summer. Even though their geographic ranges overlap, the species do not mate with each other. What MOST LIKELY prevents these two species from interbreeding? a. habitat isolation b. gametic isolation c. geographic isolation d. reproductive isolation

reproductive isolation

Function: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

ribosome

water that flows over land surface

runoff

flow of liquid or gas into small spaces or holes

seepage

A sodium- potassium pump within a cell membrane requires energy to move sodium and potassium ions into or out of a cell. The movement of glucose in or out of a cell does not require energy. Which statement BEST describes the movement of these materials across a cell membrane? a. sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by osmosis b. sodium and potassium ions move by active transport and glucose moves by facilitated diffusion c. sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated diffusion, and glucose moves by osmosis d. sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated diffusion, and glucose moves by active transport

sodium and potassium ions move by active transport and glucose moves by facilitated diffusion

Which statement correctly describes how nitrogen in the soil returns to the atmosphere? a. soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas b. decomposers directly convert ammonium into nitrogen gas c. plants assimilate nitrites and convert them into nitrogen gas d. nitrogen-fixing bacteria in plant roots convert nitrates into nitrogen gas

soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas

the ultimate source of energy for the earth and therefore all food chains is the __________.

sun

Which statement BEST describes the phase of the cell cycle shown? a. the cell is in prophase of mitosis because the number of chromosomes has doubled b. the cell is in prophase I of meiosis because the number of chromosomes c. the cell is in telophase of mitosis because the cell is separating and contains two copies of each chromosome d. the cell is in telophase of meiosis because the cell is separating and contains two copies of each chromosome

the cell is in telophase of mitosis because the cell is separating and contains two copies of each chromosome

Mute Swans are one of the heaviest flying birds and consume up to 8 pounds of vegetation each day. How will the migration of Mute Swans into an area most likely affect the birds native to that area? a. the native birds and the Mute Swans will coexist peacefully together b. the native birds will immediately migrate to another area c. the native birds will decrease in number because there is not enough food for all the birds d. the native birds will adapt to consume less food or different types of food

the native birds will decrease in number because there is not enough food for all the birds

Alveoli are microscopic air sacs in the lungs of mammals. Which statement BEST describes how the structure of the alveoli allows the lungs to function properly? a. they increase the amount of energy transferred from the lungs to the blood b. they increase the flexibility of the lungs as they expand during inhalation c. they increase the volume of the lungs, allowing more oxygen to be inhaled d. they increase the surface area of the lungs, allowing efficient gas exchange

they increase the surface area of the lungs, allowing efficient gas exchange

The skeletons of mammalian forelimbs represent variations of a structure that was present in the common ancestor. What has most likely cause the variation in forelimbs? a. changes in muscle structure b. changes in the genetic codes c. trait formation due to behaviors d. developments of vestigial structures

trait formation due to behaviors

process of water movement through plant

transpiration

all organisms have DNa built from the same nucleotides (A, C, T, G)

universal genetic code

Function: STORAGE OF WATER, UNDIGESTED FOOD, AND/OR WASTE

vacuole

Which statement best describes an effect of the low density of frozen water in a lake? a. when water freezes, it contracts, decreasing the water level in a lake b. water in a lake freezes from the bottom up, killing most aquatic organisms c. when water in a lake freezes, it floats, providing insulation for organisms below d. water removes thermal energy from the land around a lake, causing the lake to freeze

when water in a lake freezes, it floats, providing insulation for organisms

Two continental plates collide and begin to build up a mountain range. Gradually, a species of lizards becomes separated by the mountain range. The members on one side can no longer interact with members on the other side. Due to their separation, the two populations of lizards: a. will evolve in exactly the same manner and remain as one species b. will likely become extinct within one year c. will likely evolve into separate species over millions of years d.will begin hunting one another for food

will likely evolve into separate species over millions of years