Biology Final - Wilcox

control

Francesco Redi designed an experiment to test the notion of spontaneous generation. He left the first jar of meat open to the air and covered the second jar. The first jar would be called the ___ jar

lipids

HDL and LDL are different types of cholesterol found in the blood. These compounds are

they accept and release H+

How do buffers work

has equal concentrations of H+ and OH- ions.

If a substance measures 7 on the pH scale, that substance

vary because they posses different functional groups

You are telling your friend that the

lacks a nucleus

a basic difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell is that the prokaryotic cell

prokaryotic cell

a cell that lacks organelles is a(n)

phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base

a nucleotide is made of a

carboxyl and amino

a peptide bond forms betweeen which of these groups

is a general explanation for natural phenomena

a scientific theory

element

a substance with specific properties that cannot be broken down or converted into another substance is called a(n)

mice learnign a maze to get food

all of the following are examples of adaptatiosn EXCEPT

changes in individuals within their lifetimes

all of the following are important to the theory of evolution EXCEPT

posses either DNA or RNA

all of the following are true of all living organisms EXCEPT that they

glucose

all of the follwoign are polysaccharides EXCEPT

isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but different atomic masses.

different types of living matter often have different forms of the same elements in their bodies, For example, the nitrogen in an animal often has a slightly different atomic structure than the nitrogen in a plant. Recently, nutritionists have discovred how to dedue the diets of various animal specieis by examining the type of nitrogen (and other elements) inside their bodies. What is the chemical basis behind this scenario?

genetic makeup of the psecies, due to mutations

evolution is sometimes descrived as the change from preexisitn life-forms ot modern-day organisms. What actually changes, in every case of evolution is the

three fatty acids and one glycerol

fats and oils are made of

Absorb heat from surroundings

for ice to melt, it has to

emit dangerous radiation

free radicals are considered dangerous because they

steal electrons from other atoms, cauisng those atoms to become unstable

free radicals are considred dangerous because they

is a polar molecule

the atomic number of hydrogen is 1. Based on this fact, all of the following must be true of hydrogen gas(H2) except that it

removal of water molecule

the bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires which of the following

deoxyribose

the carbohydrate in DNA

survival and succcessful reproduction in organisms with favorable variatiosn

the concept of evolution is base on

gain or loss of electron

the formation of ions involves the

gain or loss of electrons

the formation of ions involves the

attraction between opposite charges

the formation of sodium chloride (NaCl) is the result of

proteins

the group of biological molecules that are most diverse in function is

how they obtain energy

the main differences between an autotroph and a hetertroph is

a testable theory

the scientific method includes all of the following EXCEPT

atoms

the smallest units that still retain the chracteristics of an element are called a) cells b) organic molecules c) atoms d) tissues e) molecules

exact sequence of amino acids

the specific function of a protien is determiend by the

group receiving saline

to test the effect of vitamin D on growth, two groups of rats were raised under identical conditions and fed the same diet. One of the groups received daily injections of vitamin D. The other group received injections of saline, which did not contain VD. All the rats were weighed weekly for 2 months. In this experiment, the control was the

form hydrogen bonds

water molecules are cohesive because they

covalen bonding holds these molecuels together

what do carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins have in common

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

what is the correct sequence of increasing organization? a) atom, molecule, tissue, cell b) organelle, tissue, cell, organ c) organ, tissue, cell, molecule d) cell, tissue, organ, organ system e) molecule, cell, organelle, organ

they have a polar end and a nonpolar end

what property of phospholipids makes them important in cell membranes

hydrolysis

what type of chemical reactions results in the breakdown of organic polymers into their respective

glycogen is a polysaccharide formed by joining excess monosaccharides of glucose

when the level of glucose in your blood is high, your body is able to store excess glucose in the liver by forming glycogen. When blood glucose levles fall, this is stored glucose can be released. Based on this information, which of the folloiwing is TRUE

a dog learning how to open the cabniet where its food is kept

which is NOT an example of evolution

protista

which kingdom possesses unicellular animal-like species and unicellular plantlike species

carbohydrates

which of the folloiwng categories includes monosaccharides monomers

keratin

which of the folloiwng is an example of a protien

they are short chains of polar hydrocarbons

which of the following are statements about lipids is incorrect?

a small number of monomers can be assembled into large polymers with many different combinations/sequences

which of the following best explains the molecular complexity of living organisms

the atoms outer energy shells are completely full

which of the following best explains why a particular atom may not form compounds easily?

dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis breaks them down

which of the following best summarizes the realtionship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis

proteins

which of the following biological molecules are composed of amino acid subunits

carbohydrates

which of the following can serve as an energy source ans as a structural support in plant cells

bacteria are examples of eukaryotic cells

which of the following components is NOT part of the modern cell theory?

protons and neutrons

An atom's nucleus is composed of

theory

A carefully formulated scientific explanation that is based on extensive observations and is in accord with scientific principles is called a

11

Sodium (Na) atomic number 11, has a tendency to lose an electron in the presence of chlorine. After losing the electron how many protons in the nucleus.

prokaryotes

the "first cells" shown at the bottom of this illustration were most likely a) fungi b) protists c) prokaryotes d) animals e) plants

water (h20)

all animals need oxygen gas for their primary cellular-level functionion. inside the cell, 02 is split apart into oxygen atoms. Eventually, electrons that are flowing through the cell will be "received" bu tjos pxygen. But first, the electrons combine with protons present in the celll to form a basic element that has a single proton and a single electron. Then this element combines iwth the oxygen to form a certain chemical compond. In this scenarion, what chemical compound is produced when this element combines iwth oxygen?

a nuclear membrane

all cells possess all of the following components EXCEPT

is a polar molecule

the atomic number of hydrogen is 1. Based on this fact, all of the following must be true of hydrogen gas except that it

breaking of a compound into its subunits by using water to break the bond between monomers

hydrolysis may be correctly described as the

readily dissolves in water

hydrophillic molecules

move up the towel as water adheres to the paper towel while the cohesive properties make water atay bound together

if you place a paper towel in a dish of water the water will

the atom contains 110 protons

imagine that you have been hired as a chemist and your first task is to examine a newly discovered atom. The paperwork you are given states that its atomic number is 110. What does this mean?

lipids

imagine that you have isolated a mysterioius liquid from a sample of food. you add the liquid to a beaker of water and shaek vigorously. After a few minutes, the water and other liquid separte into two layers. To which class of biological molecules does the unknown liquid most likely belong?

both of the reactants

in dehydration synthesis, the atoms that make up a water molecule come from

plantae

in which kingdom does a multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic organism belong?

proteins; carbohydrates

keratin and silk are examples of _____ where as glucose and maltose are examples of

water

large biological molecules are synthesized by removing

covalent bond

most biological molecules are joined by

covalent bonds

most biological molecules are joined by

the first energy level has 2, the second has 8, and the third has 5

phosphorous has an atomic number of 15, so what is the distribution of its electrons?

have an unequal distribution of electric charge

polar molecules

20

proteins are constructed using how many different amino acids

detect brain tumors and other important medical technologies

radioactive isotopes are biological tools that are often used to

a faith-based beliefs are impossible to either prove or disprove

science cannot answer certain faith-based questions because

sulfur can form important molecules using covalent bonds

sulfur is an essential element in the human body, and studying its characteristics is important in understanding human physiology. Sulfur atoms have six electrons in their outer shell. Based on this information which of the following is true?

evolve

suppose an organizm has an enzyme that repairs changes in its DNA. The result is a decrease in mutations. This trait would definitley ifnluence the organims's ability to

if it is RNA, it will contain ribose

suppose you have discovered a new virus and have isolated its nucleic acids. what feautre could you look for to determine whether the nucleic acids of this virus are RNA or DNA

takes up a great deal of heat in changing from its liquid state to its gaseous state.

sweating is a useful cooling mechanism for humans because water

false

t/f - isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of protons

sugar and phosphate groups

the "backbone" of a nucleic acid molecule is made of

they are firmly established and cannot be refuted

which of the following is FALSE about scientific theories? a) they can be either supported or modified by new observations b) they are firmly established and cannot be refuted c) they have been thoroughly tested d) they are developed by inductive reasoning e) they are used to support observations using deductive reasoning

stream

which of the following is NOT a part of the community shown in this figure? a) stream b) grass c) hawk d) pronghorn antelope e) snake

any and all scientific theories can be disproven, but faith-based beliefs cannot

which of the following is TRUE regarding faith-based beliefs and scientific theories? a) any and all faith-based beliefs can be disproven, but scientific theories cannot b) any and all scientific theories can be disproven, but faith-based beliefs cannot c) both faith-based beliefs and scientific theories can be proven d) faith-based beliefs can become scientific theories e) scientific theories are not modifiable, but faith-based beliefs are

if an object exhibits all the characteristics of life, it must be living

which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning? a) living objects are composed of cells b) all objects on earth will fall down when dropped, and none will fall up c) if an object exhibits all the characteristics of life, it must be living d) atoms make up molecules, which make up cells, which make up tissues

carbon monoxide

which of the following is not an organic molecule

biosphere

which of the following levels of organizations is the most inclusive a) ecosystem b) biosphere c) population d) species e) community

proteins

which of the following may possess primary, secondary, teriary, and quaternary strucutres

high specific heat and low heat of vaporization

which of the following properties of water enable it to function as a regulator of temperature for living organisms

glucose + galactose --> lactose

which of the following reactions is an example of dehydration synthesis

all members of bacteria are prokaryotic cells and all members of eukarya are eukaryotic cells

which of the following statements about bacteria and eukarya domains is TRUE

female birds prefer to mate with male birds that have longer tails

which of the following statements is a hypthesis rather than a theory

a balanced diet is important for good health

which of the following statemetns does NOT agree with the cell theory

Phosphorus

which of the following would become inert if it accepted 3 electrons

nucleic acids

which of these biological molecules contain genetic informaion

consumers are asked which tomato variety produces the best-tasting spaghetti sauce

which of these would be an example of NON-scientific study?

water

which type of molecule is most abundant in a typical cell

starch

whihc of the following provides long-term energy storage for plants

food provides the organic chemicals needed by heterotrophs

why do heterotrophs require "food" for survival

responding to stimuli

you observe a plant on your windowsill that is growingin at an angle toward tje pitsode. This is an example of a living thing

proteins are made up of chains of amino acids

your classmate is trying to keep all the facts about biological molecules straight. He asks you to explain how amino acids and proteins are related. What do you tell him?