Biology Gen Test 2

Inside and active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which pathway?

Krebs cycle to NADH to the electron transport chain and ending with oxygen

Of the following, which is probably the most common rout for membrane flow in the endomembrane system?

rough ER to the vesicles to the golgi to the plasma membrane

Catabolism of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates can result in a 2-carbon molecule that enters the Krebs cycle. What is the molecule? A) acetic acid or acetyl CoA B) glucose C) a fatty acid D) pyruvate E) an amino acid

A

Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids? A) smooth ER B) ribosomes C) lysosomes D) mitochondria E) contactile

A

A cell containing 92 chromatids at metaphase of mitosis would, at its completion, produce two nuclei containing how many chromosomes? A) 12 B) 46 C) 16 D) 23 E) 92

B

All of the following substances are produced in the muscle cell under anaerobic conditions except A) lactate B) acetyl CoA C) pyruvate D) NADH E) ATP

B

Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in A) mitochondria B) chlorophasts C) cilia and flagella D) nuclei E) lysosomes

B

If the liver cells of an animal have 24 chromosomes, its sperm cells would have how many chromosomes A) 48 B) 12 C) 24 D) 6

B

Organisms that can exist on light and an inorganic form on carbon and other raw materials A) are best classified as decomposers B) are called photoautotrophs C) do not exist in nature D) are called heterotrophs E) are both C and D

B

Regarding mitosis and cytokinesis, one difference between higher plants and animals is that in animals A) sister chromatids are identical, but they differ from one another in animals B) a cleavage furrow is initiated at that stage C) spindle poles contain centrioles, whereas spindle poles in animals do not

B

The ATP made during fermentation is generated by which of the following? A) electron transport B) substrate-level phosphorylation C) oxidation of NADH D) photophosphoylation E) chemiosmosis

B

Which of the following is the term for a human cell that contains 22 pairs of autosomes and two X chromosomes? A) an unferilized egg cell B) a female somatic cell C) a sperm cell D) a male somatic cell E) both A and D are correct

B

All of the following occur during mitosis except A) the formation of a spindle B) the disappearance of the nucleolus C) the synthesis of DNA D) the uncoupling of chromatids as the centromere E) the condensing of chromosomes

C

CAM plants can keep somates closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they A) use the enzyme phosphofructokinase, which outcompetes rubisco for CO2 B) fix CO2 into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells C) fix CO2 into organic acids during the night D) use photosystems I and II at night E) fix CO2 into pyruvic acid in the mesophyll cells

C

How many moles of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of a mole of glucose in cellular respiration? A) 12 B) 15 C) 36 D) 30 E) 20

C

In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis? A) CO2 and NADH B) CO2 and H2O C) NADH and pyruvate D) H2O and ethyl alcohol E) CO2 and ethyl alcohol

C

What is the end result of meiosis? A) an unlimited number of cells identical to the parent cell B) two diploid cells identical to the parent cell C) four haploid cells D) new cells for growth and tissue repair E) one diploid cell

C

What is the transcript of eukaryotic genes which is exported from the nucleus? A) tRNA B) rRNA C) mRNA D) hnRNA E) DNA

C

Which of the following represents a similarity between RNA and DNA? A) repair systems that correct and genetic code errors B) the presence of uracil C)nucleotides consisting of a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base D) the presence of a double-stranded helix E) the presence of an OH group on the 3' carbon of the sugar

C

Which of the following statements is true of fermentation? A) it produces more energy per glucose molecule than does aerobic respiration B) it produces a net gain of NADH C) it produces a net gain of ATP D) it is an aerobic process E) it can be performed only by bacteria

C

A particular eukaryotic protein is 300 amino acids long. Which of the following could be the maximum number of nucleotides in the DNA that codes for the amino acids in this protein? A) 1,800 B) 3 C) 300 D) 900 E) 100

D

All of the following are directly associated with photosystem I except A) receiving electrons from plastocyanin B) passing electrons to ferredoxin C) P700 D) photolysis E) harvesting of light energy by chlorphyll

D

Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes? A) the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I B) the splitting of water C) the reduction of NADP+ D) the synthesis of ATP E) the absorbtion of light energy by chlorophyll

D

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? A) starches B) glucose C) lipids D) proteins E)steroids

D

The phases of meiosis that produce the most genetic variation from grossing-over and independent assortment are A) anaphase I and prophase II B) metaphase I and telophase II C) prophase II and anaphase II D) prophase I and anaphase I E) prophase I and telophase II

D

Which of the following contain the 9+2 arrangement of microtubules A) flagella B) centrioles C) cilia D) A and C only E) A, B, and C only

D

All of the events listed below occur in the energy-capturing light reactions of photosynthesis except A) light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a B) NADP+ is reduced to NADPH C) oxygen is produced D) ADP is phosphorylated to yield ATP E) carbon dioxide is incorporated into PGA

E

All of the following are functions of the Krebs cycle except A) release of carbon dioxide B) production of FADH2 C) production of NADH D) production of ATP E) adding electrons and protons to oxygen to form water

E

Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from which process? A) forming lactate from pyruvate B) converting oxygen to ATP C) substrate-level phosphorylation D) generating carbon dioxide and oxygen in the electron transport chain E) transferring electrons from organic molecules to oxygen

E

Each time a molecule of glucose is completely oxidized via aerobic respiration, how many oxygen molecules are required? A) 38 B) 1 C) 2 D) 12 E) 6

E

If the triplet UUU codes for the amino acide phenylalanine in bacteria, then in plants UUU should code for A) leucine B) valine C) cystine D) proline E) phenylalanine

E

In C4 photosynthesis, carbon fixation takes place in the ___ cells, and then is transferred as malic or aspartic acid to ___ cells, where carbon dioxide is released for entry into the Calvin cycle A) bundle-sheath and epidermal B) stomatal and epidermal C) epidermal and mesophyll D) stomatal and mesophyll E) mesophyll and bundle-sheath

E

Of the following, what do both mitchondria and chloroplasts have in common? A) ATP is produced B) DNA is present C) ribosomes are present D) only B and C are correct E) A, B, and C are correct

E

The Calvin cycle requires all of the following molecules except A) CO2- B) NADPH C) ATP D) RuBP E) glucose

E

The Krebs cycle produces which of the following molecules that then transfer energy to the electron transport system? A) CO2 B) NADH, FADH2, and ATP C) NADH and ATP D) ATP and CO2 E) FADH2 and NADH

E

Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle? A) CO2 and glucose B) electrons and H+ C) H2O and O2 D) ADP, Pi, and NADP+ E) ATP and NADP

E

Which of the following is not a part of the endomembrane system? A) rough ER B) smooth ER C) lysosomes D) golgi apparatus E) mitochondria

E

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration? A) respiration is the exact reversal of the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis B) respiration is anabolic and photosynthesis is catabolic C) photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals D) ATP molecules are produced in photosynthesis and used up in respiration E) photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it

E

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported form the cell? A) tight junctions B) lysosomes C) plasmodesmata D) golgi vesicles E) rough ER

E