Biology II -- Chapter 32 Study Module

Which of the following correctly traces the pathway of urine flow in vertebrates? Collecting tubule ureter bladder urethra Renal vein ureter bladder urethra Nephron urethra bladder ureter Cortex medulla bladder ureter Renal pelvis medulla bladder urethra

Collecting tubule ureter bladder urethra

Which of the following sections of the mammalian nephron is incorrectly paired with its function? Bowman's capsule and glomerulus - filtration of blood Descending limb of loop of Henle - diffusion of urea out of the filtrate Proximal tubule - secretion of toxins and H+ into the filtrate and transport of glucose and amino acids out of tubule Ascending limb of loop of Henle - diffusion and pumping of NaCl out of the filtrate Distal tubule - regulation of pH and K+

Descending limb of loop of Henle - diffusion of urea out of the filtrate

Which of the following statements is not true of connective tissue? It consists of a few cells surrounded by fibers in a matrix. It includes such diverse tissues as bone, cartilage, adipose, and loose connective tissue. It forms the internal and external lining of many organs. It connects and supports other tissues. It can have a matrix that is a liquid, a gel, or a solid.

It forms the internal and external lining of many organs.

Which of the following would be least likely to be true of an animal that is a regulator? It can live in a variable climate because of its homeostatic mechanisms. It may have a larger geographic range than a conformer. It may acclimatize to winter by increasing the thickness of its insulating coat. It has lower energy requirements than a conformer of similar size. It may use behavioral as well as physiological mechanisms for responding to changing conditions.

It has lower energy requirements than a conformer of similar size.

The finding that MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) causes frog skin cells to darken when added to the interstitial fluid but has no effect on color when injected into the cells supports which of the following ideas? MSH is a tropic hormone. MSH is a neurohormone. MSH binds to cell surface receptors. MSH is a steroid hormone. MSH is a steroid hormone and binds to cell surface receptors.

MSH binds to cell surface receptors.

"Striated" is a description that could apply to which kind of animal tissue? Epithelium Nervous Skin Muscle Connective

Muscle

Which one of the following hormones is incorrectly paired with its site of production? Releasing hormones - hypothalamus Growth hormone - anterior pituitary TSH - thyroid Estrogens and progestins - ovary Epinephrine - adrenal glan

TSH - thyroid

The process of reabsorption in the formation of urine ensures that __________. excess H+ is removed from the blood drugs and toxins are removed from the blood urine is always hyperosmotic to the interstitial fluid pH is maintained by balancing H+ and HCO3- glucose, salts, and water are returned to the blood

glucose, salts, and water are returned to the blood

The production of uric acid is advantageous to birds because uric acid __________. is very soluble in water and takes very little energy to produce has low toxicity, requires little water to excrete, and can be safely stored as an embryo develops in an egg contributes to the production of the egg shell and can thus serve two purposes takes less energy to produce than urea has low toxicity, requires little water to excrete, can be safely stored as an embryo develops in an egg, and takes less energy to produce than urea

has low toxicity, requires little water to excrete, and can be safely stored as an embryo develops in an egg

The mechanism for the filtration of the blood within the nephron involves __________. high hydrostatic pressure of blood forcing water and small molecules out of the capillary the active transport of Na+ and glucose followed by osmosis both active and passive secretion of ions and toxins into the tubule the high osmolarity of the medulla that was created by active and passive transport of salt from the tubule and passive diffusion of urea from the collecting duct a lower osmotic pressure in Bowman's capsule compared to that in the glomerulus

high hydrostatic pressure of blood forcing water and small molecules out of the capillary

During a fever, the __________ readjusts the set point of the body to a __________ temperature. thyroid; lower hypothalamus; lower hypothalamus; higher pineal gland; higher adrenal glands; lower

hypothalamus; higher

The anterior pituitary __________. stores and releases oxytocin and ADH produced by the hypothalamus produces releasing and inhibiting hormones is responsible for nervous and hormonal stimulation of the adrenal glands produces only tropic hormones receives releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus through portal vessels connecting capillary beds

receives releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus through portal vessels connecting capillary beds

A tropic hormone is a hormone __________. that is produced by the hypothalamus but stored and released from the anterior pituitary that acts by negative feedback to regulate its own levels in the body from the hypothalamus that regulates hormone secretion of the posterior pituitary that stimulates other endocrine glands to release hormones that is released in response to nervous stimulation

that stimulates other endocrine glands to release hormones

Transport epithelia are responsible for __________. pumping water across a membrane forming an impermeable boundary at an interface with the environment the movement of solutes in osmoregulation or excretion transporting urine in the ureter and urethra the passive transport of H+ and HCO3- for the regulation of pH

the movement of solutes in osmoregulation or excretion

Which of the following are connective tissues? Bone, blood, and skin Red blood cells and neurons Cartilage, bone, and epithelium Adipose tissue, blood, cartilage, and bone Adipose tissue, dense and loose connective tissues, and neurons

Adipose tissue, blood, cartilage, and bone

An organ such as the heart or liver consists of __________. All of the listed responses are correct. muscle tissue nervous tissue connective tissue epithelial tissue

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following animals exhibits the most flexible osmoregulatory and excretory systems? A marine fish A migratory salmon returning to its home stream from the ocean A parasitic flatworm A vampire bat A migratory salmon returning to its home stream from the ocean and a vampire bat

A migratory salmon returning to its home stream from the ocean and a vampire bat

ADH and the RAAS both increase water reabsorption, but they respond to different osmoregulatory problems. Which two of the following statements are true? ADH will be released in response to a drop in blood pressure or volume, and the RAAS is most likely to respond following an accident or a severe case of diarrhea. ADH is released when osmoregulatory cells in the hypothalamus detect an increase in blood osmolarity, and the RAAS will decrease blood osmolarity due to the cooperative actions of renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone. ADH is released when osmoregulatory cells in the hypothalamus detect an increase in blood osmolarity, and the RAAS is a response to a rise in blood pressure or volume. ADH is released when osmoregulatory cells in the hypothalamus detect an increase in blood osmolarity, and the RAAS is most likely to respond following an accident or a severe case of diarrhea. ADH will be released in response to a drop in blood pressure or volume, and the RAAS is a response to a rise in blood pressure or volume.

ADH is released when osmoregulatory cells in the hypothalamus detect an increase in blood osmolarity, and the RAAS is most likely to respond following an accident or a severe case of diarrhea.

Which of the following statements is not accurate? Not all hormones are secreted by endocrine glands. Hormones are transported through the circulatory system to their destinations. Target cells have specific hormone receptors. Hormones are essential to homeostasis. Because steroid hormones influence gene expression, they produce a faster response in target cells.

Because steroid hormones influence gene expression, they produce a faster response in target cells.

Which of the following mechanisms dissipates heat? Countercurrent exchange between vessels that service the extremities Trapping air by raising fur or feathers Vasodilation of surface vessels Vasoconstriction of surface vessels Countercurrent exchange between vessels that service the extremities and vasoconstriction of surface vessels

Vasodilation of surface vessels

When your body temperature is too __________, __________ helps to correct the situation because it __________. high; sweating; lowers the metabolic rate by dumping toxins high; peripheral vasodilation; redirects heat from the body core to the environment low; peripheral vasodilation; conserves heat in the body core low; shivering; lowers the metabolic rate and conserves blood sugar None of the listed responses is correct.

high; peripheral vasodilation; redirects heat from the body core to the environment

Negative feedback loops are __________. activated only when a physiological variable rises above a set point mechanisms that most commonly maintain homeostasis analogous to a radiator that heats a room involved in maintaining contractions during childbirth found in endotherms but not in ectotherms

mechanisms that most commonly maintain homeostasis

When a jogger starts to run, the rate at which his muscles produce CO2 rises sharply. The CO2 in his blood rises only slightly before he starts to breathe faster and his heart starts beating stronger. Soon his increased rate of CO2 production is balanced by an increased rate of CO2 removal. This would be an example of __________ feedback because the jogger's circulatory and respiratory systems are __________. negative; restoring the CO2 concentration to a set point positive; improving the operating conditions in the jogger's body positive; decreasing the CO2 concentration positive; restoring the CO2 concentration to a set point negative; acting in opposition to one another

negative; restoring the CO2 concentration to a set point

A freshwater fish would be expected to __________. pump salt out through salt glands in the gills produce copious quantities of dilute urine excrete urea across the epithelium of the gills have scales that reduce water loss

produce copious quantities of dilute urine

The interstitial fluid of vertebrates __________. is the internal environment within cells makes up blood plasma surrounds cells and provides for the exchange of nutrients and wastes is not necessary in flat, thin vertebrates is less abundant in ectotherms than in endotherms

surrounds cells and provides for the exchange of nutrients and wastes