Biology:

Which of the following results from the stimulation by nerve impulses generated in the respiratory center when they arrive at the muscles involved in inspiration? A) contraction of the diaphragm B) reduction in the efficiency of oxygen transport by the blood C) increase in air pressure in the lungs D) opening of the trachea E) downward movement of the ribs

A) contraction of the diaphragm

How does external respiration differ from internal respiration? A) External respiration is done only by some amphibians, which can exchange gases through their skin. B) External respiration refers to gas exchange between inhaled air and blood, whereas internal respiration refers to gas exchange between the blood and tissue fluids. C) External respiration involves gills, whereas internal respiration involves lungs. D) Internal respiration refers to gas exchange between inhaled air and blood, whereas external respiration refers to gas exchange between the blood and tissue fluids. E) External respiration refers to gas exchange, regardless of its location, whereas internal respiration refers to the cellular process that metabolizes glucose and results in the production of ATP.

B) External respiration refers to gas exchange between inhaled air and blood, whereas internal respiration refers to gas exchange between the blood and tissue fluids.

ll of the following are part of an individual's vital capacity EXCEPT which one? A) tidal volume B) inspiratory reserve C) expiratory reserve D) residual volume

D) residual volume

ir in the airways that does not participate in gas exchange is known as A) expiratory reserve volume. B) tidal volume. C) inspiratory reserve volume. D) dead space volume. E) vital capacity.

D. dead space volume

During exhalation, the pressure inside the lungs A) initially is higher than atmospheric pressure, but drops as air leaves the body. B) must be maintained higher than atmospheric pressure. C) must be maintained lower than atmospheric pressure. D) gradually elevates as air enters the lungs. E) rapidly elevates. Answer: A

A) initially is higher than atmospheric pressure, but drops as air leaves the body.

Oxygen-rich blood flows through the heart A) by entering the right atrium and continuing through the aortic arch. B) via the left atrium and ventricle before entering the systemic circuit. C) on the left side of the heart following returning from the lungs via the pulmonary arteries. D) right to left. E) only through the coronary arteries.

B) via the left atrium and ventricle before entering the systemic circuit.

External respiration is the process of A) transporting gases in the blood stream to target cells. B) exchanging air in lungs with the surrounding environment. C) moving gases into or out of the blood stream within lung tissue. D) gas uptake by target cells. E) carbon dioxide release by cells into the bloodstream.

C) moving gases into or out of the blood stream within lung tissue.

ost of the carbon dioxide released by cells is transported in the venous supply in what form? A) free carbon dioxide gas B) oxyhemoglobin C) soluble bicarbonate ion D) bound to hemoglobin E) carbon monoxide

C) soluble bicarbonate ion

Ventilation refers to the process by which A) gases are exchanged between the cells and the lungs. B) gases are exchanged between the air and the blood. C) air moves into and out of the lungs. D) gases are exchanged between the blood and the cells. E) ATPs are produced.

C. Air moves into and out of lungs

All of the following are involved in the process of breathing EXCEPT which one? A) bones B) respiratory system C) circulatory system D) skeletal muscles E) nervous system

C. Circulatory

ll of the following are involved in the regulation of the rate and depth of breathing EXCEPT which one? A) carotid and aortic bodies B) blood levels of CO2 C) blood levels of O2 D) bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli E) medulla oblongata

D) bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

Bronchioles differ from bronchi in that they A) warm air to body temperature. B) contain only smooth muscle. C) filter and humidify air. D) can have alveoli attached to them. E) are lined by a ciliated epithelium

D) can have alveoli attached to them.

Which one of the following muscles separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? A) intercostal B) intracostal C) cardiac D) diaphragm E) spleen

D) diaphragm

A small amount of fluid is contained in the pleural cavity to A) promote the exchange of nutrients with both lungs. B) allow gas exchange between the lungs and the blood stream. C) allow white blood cells and macrophages access to foreign antigens entering the body through air. D) function as a lubricant as the lungs move during ventilation. E) serve as a shock absorber for the lungs during body movement.

D) function as a lubricant as the lungs move during ventilation.

Carbaminohemoglobin differs from hemoglobin in that carbaminohemoglobin A) is found in blood plasma. B) binds carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide. C) is found in red blood cells. D) is bound to carbon dioxide. E) transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells.

D) is bound to carbon dioxide.

All of the following are part of an individual's vital capacity EXCEPT which one? A) tidal volume B) inspiratory reserve C) expiratory reserve D) residual volume

D) residual volume

An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the body causes A) a simultaneous increase in the amount of oxygen in the body. B) an increase in the pH of the blood. C) a decrease in the rate at which impulses are released from the respiratory center. D) slow, shallow breathing. E) a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

E) a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

Which of the following is a penetrating wound resulting in collapse of the lung? A) cystic fibrosis B) pneumonia C) mesothelioma D) congestive heart failure E) pneumothorax

E) pneumothorax

Which one of the following best explains why humans must constantly breathe in oxygen in order to stay alive? A) Oxygen is an important source of energy for cells and is used to make glucose. B) Oxygen is essential for the production of most of the ATPs required to fuel cell functions. C) Oxygen must be available to cells in order for them to make the sugars necessary to supply energy for cell functions. D) Oxygen is used to drive the anaerobic breakdown of sugars for the production of ATP. E) Oxygen is converted to carbon dioxide, which is then used to drive the production of ADP.

B) Oxygen is essential for the production of most of the ATPs required to fuel cell functions

In which one of the following situations is hemoglobin most likely to bind oxygen? A) in a tissue with a low partial pressure of oxygen B) in a tissue with a neutral pH C) in a tissue with a high temperature D) in a tissue with a low pH E) in a metabolically active tissue (e.g., muscle)

B) in a tissue with a neutral pH

When air entering the respiratory tract leaves the pharynx, it next enters the A) bronchioles. B) larynx. C) alveoli. D) bronchi. E) sinuses.

B) larynx.

15) Which of the following structures is the location of gas exchange between the inhaled air and the blood? A) trachea B) bronchioles C) alveoli D) bronchi E) pleura

C) alveoli

The respiratory control center is located A) in the pulmonary veins. B) in the pulmonary arteries. C) in the medulla oblongata. D) in the right lung. E) throughout the arteries.

C) in the medulla oblongata.

During a cough, what is responsible for constricting the size of the trachea? A) closure of the soft palate B) cartilage C) smooth muscle D) epiglottis E) skeletal muscle Answer: C

C) smooth muscle

All of the following are TRUE regarding the effect of smoking on the respiratory system EXCEPT which one? A) The production of mucus increases in response to the presence of smoke. B) Smoking destroys cilia lining the respiratory tract. C) Particles and debris from the smoke accumulate in the mucus of the airway and increase the risk for infections by pathogens. D) Antimicrobial compounds found in the respiratory mucus of smokers decrease the likelihood of infection. E) "Smoker's cough" results from the heavy coughing that is necessary to clear accumulated mucus or particles from the airway.

D) Antimicrobial compounds found in the respiratory mucus of smokers decrease the likelihood of infection.

Which of the following occurs as air is drawn through the nose? A) Water is removed, and the air becomes drier. B) Carbon dioxide is removed from the air and replaced with oxygen. C) Air is mixed with odorants to produce smells. D) Harmful allergens and other toxic materials such as cigarette smoke and asbestos are removed. E) Air is warmed, filtered, and humidified.

E) Air is warmed, filtered, and humidified.

Arrange the following entries in the order in which air contacts them as air is drawn into the body. a. trachea b. bronchiole c. pharynx d. alveoli e. larynx A) e, c, b, a, d B) c, a, e, d, b C) b, d, a, c, e D) c, a, e, b, d E) c, e, a, b, d

E) c, e, a, b, d

T/F Deoxygenated blood is transported to the pulmonary capillaries of the lungs by the pulmonary veins; oxygenated blood is transported away from the pulmonary capillaries by the pulmonary arteries.

False

T/F Longer vocal cords generate higher-pitched tones than longer ones.

False

T/F The trachea is completely surrounded by rings of cartilage, resulting in an organ that is inflexible.

False

T/F Hemoglobin binds more tightly to carbon monoxide than to oxygen.

True

T/f Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with blood directly across the alveoli wall.

True