Biology

Identify the function of each of the following, then state if it is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or a polysaccharide. A) Starch B) Glucose

A. starch is a long term energy storage in plants: POLY B. Glucose is used to produce energy in short term: MONO

compare and contrast atom vs. molecules

Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter. Molecules are two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

List and explain three unique features of water and why these are important for life

1. cohesion: water mole. attract to each other due to hydrogen bonding 2. adhesion: water mole. attract to other substances due to hyrogen bonding 3. Temp moderation: it takes alot of energu to heat up water molecules b/c of hydrogen bonding you have to break hydrogen bonds to heat what and get molecules moving fast.

What type of building blocks are each of the following made up of? A) Proteins B) Nucleic Acids

A. Amiono acids B. Nucleotides

The enzyme catalase catalyzes the following reaction: H2O2 H2O + O2 A) Identify the substrate(s) of this reaction? B) Identify the product(s) of this reaction? C) What would happen to the rate of this reaction if we added more catalase?

A. hydrogen and oxygen (H2O2) B. water (H2O) and oxygen (O2) C. if we added more catalase the rate would increase b/c there would be more enzymes working

Identify the function of each of the following, then state if it is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or a polysaccharide. C) Glycogen D) Cellulose

C. glycogen is long term energy storage in animals: POLY D. cellulose is a structural component of plant cell walls: POLY

The enzyme catalase catalyzes the following reaction: H2O2 H2O + O2 D) What would happen to the rate of this reaction if we used catalase that had been exposed to a strong acid, with a low pH? E) What would happen to catalase if we heated it?

D. the rate if reaction would decrease b/c the acid would denature the enzyme shape and the substrate wouldnt fit very well. E. It would denature the enzyme and the reaction wouldnt work very well

Compare and contrast potential energy and kinetic energy.

Potential energy is energy that is stored and hasnt been used. kinetic energy is energy in motion. all molecules in motion have kinetic energy.

Explain why saturated fats tend to be solids at room temperature while unsaturated fats tend to be liquids. Include a description of the structure of each of type of fat in your discussion.

Saturated fats are long straight chain molecules. which allows them to be closely compacted and stay a solid at room temp. Unsaturated fats have a double bond which makes there structure not straight and doesnt allow them to be packed close together so its a liquid at room temp

What property of carbon allows it to form such a variety of different bonds?

carbon has 4 valence electrons and in order for it to be stable it needs to form all 4 bonds( can form single, double, triple bonds. also long chains)

The chemical formula for methane is CH4. Use the octet rule to explain why carbon bonds with four atoms of hydrogen rather than three or five atoms of hydrogen.

carbon has 4 valence electrons. to satisfy the octet rule it wants eight so it shares electrons with 4 other partners

canc Condensation reaction vs. Hydrolysis

condensation: links 2 monomers together an forms water by removing a h group and oh group hydrolysis: separates 2 monomers using water adds h and oh group

compare and contrast covalent bond vs. ionic bond vs. hydrogen bond

covalent and ionic bonds are strong bond. hyrogen are weak. in a covalent bond electrons are shared in an ionic bond one atom donates one or more electrons to another atom hydrogen bond is an interaction between two molecules where a hydrogen atom in one molecule is attracted to an oxygen, nitrogen, or flourine atom

Explain how enzymes help chemical reactions to occur. Be sure to include the concept of activation energy in your explanation as well as a description of how an enzyme interacts with its substrate.

in an chemical reaction it requires a certain amount to begin a reaction. called actavation energy. enzymes lower the activation energy and allows the reaction to occur more quickly. enzymes are also known as catalysts. an enzymes has a activation site where the substrate binds to the site and then allows the reaction to occur then this repeats.

A sodium atom (Na) transfers an electron to a chlorine atom (Cl). Sodium therefore becomes positively charged (Na+) and chlorine becomes negatively charged (Cl-). What type of bond results from the interaction of these two ions to become NaCl?

ionic bond

c and c polar molecule vs. non polar molecule

polar: electrons in the bonds are shared unequally, have partial pos and partial neg non polar dont have partial pos or neg ends electrons are shared evenly

c and c Monomer vs. Polymer

polymer is a long chain like molecule made up of single building block that repeats over and over monomer is the simple building block makes up polymer

What do monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides all have in common? How are they different?

similarities monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides are all classes of carbohydrates. differences monosaccharides: contain one ring (sugar) disaccharides: 2 rings polysaccharides: 3 or more rings

Use the concept of hydrogen bonding to explain why water molecules are attracted to each other.

water is polar mol. oxygen atom is more electronegative than hydrogen and therefor pulls electroms towards itself. this gives oxygen a partial neg charge and hydrogen a partial pos. when 2 water mole. approach each other a hydrogen bond forms: the partal pos hydrogen attracts ti the partial neg oxygen. which cause water mole. to attract to each other. ( hydrogen bonds are weak with strong force cuz there are so many they constantly break and reform)