Biology Lab Exam 2, Lab 8
Which of the following is not a role played by NADH in cellular respiration? A. It powers proton pumps B. It is involved in redox reactions C. It oxidizes pyruvate D. It accepts electrons and hydrogen ions E. It transfers electrons
C. It oxidizes pyruvate
ATP is ____, and is ____
adenosine triphosphate; energy
Polysaccharide is a ____ made up of hundreds to ____ of sugar molecules linked together
carbohydrate; thousands
Disaccharide is a ____ made up of ____ sugar molecules linked together
carbohydrate; two
Carbon dioxide combines with water to form what?
carbonic acid
Each group of wavelengths has a what color?
characteristic
Why are polyester fluffs used in this experiment?
they protect the seeds from touching the KOH
One glucose molecule reacts with ____ oxygen molecules to produce 6 carbon dioxide, 6 water, and energy to make between ____ ATP molecules
6; 28-38
The molecule that traps the sun's energy is
chlorophyll
Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center wanted to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles were functioning anaerobically. They could do this by checking for the buildup of which molecule?
lactate
Read the what edge of the red marker for consistency?
left
6CO₂+____(reactants)→light energy→ 6O₂+6H₂O+_____ (products)
12H₂O; C₆H₁₂O₆
Light energy is _____ energy in the form of ____
electromagnetic; waves
At the end of the ____ transport chain, in aerobic cellular respiration, oxygen is consumed when it accepts electrons and is reduced to form ____
electron; water
Chloroplast extract is the what band?
fifth from the top
Chlorophyll b is the what band?
fourth from the top
The amount of cellular respiration is greater in what seeds?
germinating
In cellular respiration, carbon dioxide is formed from the oxidation of what of the following?
glucose
Based on your data, which of the following shows the correct order from most to least amount of fermentation in 20 minutes? starch, glucose, fructose, water, sucrose
glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch, water
_____, a monosaccharide, is the starting molecule for the fermentation reactions, so all other sugars must be converted to ____ before the process can begin
glucose; glucose
Cellular respiration oxidizes ____ and reduces ____
glucose; oxygen
C₆H₁₂O₆ is ____, and is a ____
glucose; product
The first stage of cellular respiration, called ___________, takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and needs no oxygen
glycolysis
What processes will occur in the presence or absence of oxygen?
glycolysis
The large tube is placed over the small tube, and then they are what together?
inverted
What is the best role of plant pigments in photosynthesis?
it absorbs light energy
Why is distilled water used in this experiment?
it has no sugar, so it is an experimental control
Why does chlorophyll b appear yellow-green?
it reflects light in those wavelengths and absorbs violet and red
The products of glycolysis undergo fermentation in the cytoplasm to produce lactic acid when the oxygen level is low is called what?
lactic acid fermentation
The oxygen produced by a plant comes most directly from
H₂O
The next steps, in aerobic cellular respiration, include the ____ cycle and electron transport chain, which occur in the ____
Krebs; mitochondria
pH is a measure of the amount of what in a solution?
hydrogen ions
Select all of the following that are true statements about fermentation A. lactate may be produced B. a large amount of ATP is produced C. ethanol may be produced D. the reactions happen in the cytoplasm E. NADH is produced F. the reactions happen in the mitochondria G. CO2 may be produced
A. lactate may be produced C. ethanol may be produced D. the reactions happen in the cytoplasm G. CO2 may be produced
Why are glass beads used in tube 3? Select all that apply A.To rule out the possibility that the glass beads in tube 2 affect its results B.To make sure the seeds stay at the bottom C.So the volume is the same as tube 1
A.To rule out the possibility that the glass beads in tube C. So the volume is the same as tube 1.
What are the final by-products of glucose oxidation during aerobic cellular respiration?
ATP, heat, carbon dioxide, and water
Which of the following is NOT a net (final) product nor a reactant of photosynthesis? A. oxygen B. ATP C. glucose D. carbon dioxide E. sunlight
B. ATP
All of the following are required for the Calvin cycle except A. CO₂ B. H₂O C. rubisco D. ATP E. NADPH
B. H₂O
Which of the following is not a reaction that cells use to get energy from nutrients? A. fermentation B. photosynthesis C. Krebs cycle D. glycolysis E. cellular respiration
B. photosynthesis
All of the following are the end products of glycolysis except A. ATP B. NADH C. energy D. NAD+ E. pyruvate
D. NAD+
The greater the amount of hydrogen ions, the more what the solution?
acidic
Fermentation can be difficult to measure in ____ cells, so ____ is often used to observe the results of the process
animal; yeast
As hydrogen ions are removed from a solution it becomes more what?
basic
Germinating means
beginning to grow
Xanthophyll absorbs what colors?
blue
Chlorophyll a is what color?
blue-green
Carotene absorbs what colors?
blue-violet
Plants use ____ and the energy from the sun during photosynthesis to produce ____
carbon dioxide; glucose
The organelle where photosynthesis occurs is the
chloroplast
What is the purpose of using extract from chloroplasts?
chloroplasts contain the photosynthetic pigments
Maltose and sucrose (table sugar) are what?
disaccharides
The first step in aerobic cellular respiration is ____, which takes place in the ____
glycolysis; cytoplasm
Carotenes is what color?
orange
Fermentation in yeast can occur without
oxygen
This contains the small tube in a closed environment without what?
oxygen
Cellulose, glycogen, and starch are what?
polysaccharides
Yeast cells under anaerobic conditions
produce ethyl alcohol (ethanol)
How does a phenol red-containing solution look if CO2 level is low?
red
What light has the longest wavelength?
red
Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b absorbs what colors?
red-violet
A what is used to compare the amount of fermentation done by yeasts using different sugars?
respirometer
Oxygen consumption is measured using what?
respirometer
The ____ consists of two test tubes, one small and one large and the ____ tube is filled with the yeast solution to be tested
respirometer; small
Why does the procedure ask you to dispose of the pipette with each solution?
reusing the pipette will contaminate the solutions due to residue remaining in them
For a respirometer, use a ____ to measure the size of the gas bubble on top of the ____ solution
ruler; yeast
A student set up an experiment to show the effect of light color on photosynthesis in Elodea plants. She filled three test tubes with distilled water and placed a piece of Elodea in each of the tubes. She added a drop of phenol red, which turns red in a basic solution and yellow in an acidic solution. She blew in each tube to add carbon dioxide, which caused the distilled water to become more acidic so the phenol red turned yellow. She exposed Tube A to white light, Tube B to green light, and Tube C was wrapped in aluminum foil. Which of the tubes should she expect to turn red the fastest?
tube A
Cells use fermentation when oxygen is ____ to produce ____ (adenosine triphosphate)
unavailable; ATP
Which way do the chlorophyll bands move on the chromatography paper?
up the chromatography paper
What light has the shortest wavelength?
violet
Put the wavelengths of light in order from shortest to longest?
violet, blue, cyan, green, yellow, orange, red
The reactants of photosynthesis are
water and carbon dioxide
6H₂O is ____, and is a ____
water; product
12H₂O is ____, and is a ____
water; reactant
The wavelengths of light ____ can be used in photosynthesis, and the wavelengths of light ____ are what we observe
absorbed; reflected
ATP (____), a molecule which provides energy to power many ____ reactions
adenosine triphosphate; cellular
ATP (____) is a molecule that provides ____ to power many cellular reactions
adenosine triphosphate; energy
The process of fermentation that produces ethanol and carbon dioxide is called what?
alcoholic fermentation
Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is used to absorb any what produced in this experiment?
carbon dioxide
Which of the following is NOT a product of the light reaction? A. NADPH B. energy intermediates C. ATP D. carbon dioxide E. oxygen
carbon dioxide
Why are carbon dioxide levels changing in the tube with Elodea?
carbon dioxide levels are dropping because carbon dioxide is a reactant in photosynthesis
Fermentation produces ____, so the height of the gas bubble in the tube is a ____ of how much fermentation has occurred
carbon dioxide; measure
6CO₂ is ____, and is a ____
carbon dioxide; reactant
Photosynthesis is a combination of multiple what reactions?
chemical
Cellular respiration ____ oxygen, so the ____ of the oxygen consumed is measured to estimate the amount of cellular respiration
consumes; volume
Photosynthesis is divided into two major steps, light ____ reactions and light ____ reactions
dependent; independent
In bacteria and ____ cells, the products of glycolysis undergo fermentation in the cytoplasm to produce lactic acid when the oxygen level is ____
animal; low
A reactant of photosynthesis whose general levels can be measured is what?
carbon dioxide
Phenol red is a pH indicator that turns what color in an acidic environment?
yellow
Xanthophyll is what color?
yellow
Chlorophyll b is what color?
yellow-green
Glucose and fructose are what?
monosaccharides
What is the purpose of the chromatography solvent?
The pigments dissolve in the chromatography solvent, which allows them to be separated
Many foods contain glucose, a ____, that can be used with oxygen in cellular respiration to produce ____
monosaccharide; ATP
The ____ carbon dioxide in a solution, the more ____ it will be
more; acidic
Aerobic cellular respiration is a ____ process that requires ____
multistep; oxygen
6O₂ is ____, and is a ____
oxygen; product
Why is phenol red added to the test tubes?
phenol red is a pH indicator
Plants use multiple ____ pigments to absorb light ____ used in photosynthesis
photosynthetic; energy
Phenol red turns what color in basic solutions?
pinkish-red
____ will not soak up KOH and can be used as a barrier between KOH and the ____
polyester; seeds
What is very toxic and should not come in direct contact with skin or with the seeds?
potassium hydroxide
C₆H₁₂O₆+6O₂(____)--> 6CO₂+6H₂O+____(products)
reactants; ATP
Xanthophyll is the what band?
second from the top
Monosaccharide is one individual molecule of ____; the building blocks of ____
sugar; carbohydrates
What is happening to the level of carbon dioxide in the negative control test tube without the Elodea leaf as indicated by the yellow color in the tube?
the level of carbon dioxide is unchanged
Why did the different photosynthetic pigments migrate to different points on the chromatography paper?
the pigments differ in their solubility in the solvent and affinity for the paper
Chlorophyll a is the what band?
third from top
Carotenes is the what band?
top
What light is made up of a range of wavelengths?
white
In plants and ____ (fungi), the process of fermentation produces ____ (alcohol) and carbon dioxide
yeasts; ethanol
