Biology Midterm Chapter 4

The function of the plasma membrane is to:

Both A and D (serve as highly selective barrier) (allows certain molecules to enter while keeping others out)

As biologist continue to unlock the secrets of ________, many new doors are opening to development or medical treatments.

DNA

Proteins made on ribosomes may be further modified within the:

Golgi complex

Which of the following statements about the structure surrounded by the box in Figure 04-02 is true?

The structure typically represents an area involved in making proteins

It is advantageous for cells to be smaller because:

a small cell has a small volume relative to the surface area, thereby increasing efficient transport

Cells have internal structures called organelles. Which is not a function of organelles?

all of the above are organelle functions

Select the cell type that is not correctly matched with the type of predominate organelle it would need to preform its unique function:

all of the cells above are correctly matched with the predominate type of organelle they would need to preform their unique function

Evidence that all living cells have a common origin is provided by:

basic similarities in cell structure and chemistry

Membrane-bounded organelles facilitate faster chemical reactions because:

both A and D (reactants are within close proximity to each other) (reactants move faster within membrane bound organelles)

The smallest unit that can carry out all activities we associate with life is:

cell

***The main processes that occurs at the sire of the structures marked by arrows in Figure 04-04- is:

cell respiration

A cellular structure found in plant but not animal cells is the:

chloroplast

Which of the following structures would not be found in cells of a plant's roots?

chloroplast

The theory that chloroplasts and mitochondria had their evolutionary beginnings in eukaryotic cells as endosymbionts is supported by all of the following except:

chloroplast and mitochondria are completely autonomous within eukaryotic cells.

***The structures indicated by the arrows in Figure 04-04 are:

cristae

One function of peroxisomes involves the process of:

detoxification

A eukaryotic cell:

has a variety of membranous organelles

Which of the following organelles plays an important role in apoptosis, or programmed cell death?

mitochondria

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

nucleolus- site of ribosomal subunit synthesis

A single cell in a smoker's lung has become cancerous. It doubles its DNA and divides much faster than a normal lung cell. The most likely change that would have caused this change took place in the:

nucleus

Which of the following structures or activities is not directly part of the endomembrane system?

nucleus

Which cell structure would not be in a eukaryotic cell, but would be found in a prokaryotic cell?

pili

***The organelle featured in Figure 04-04:

plays a central role in energy metabolism

If a toxin, such as a bacterial toxin, destroys ribosomes, what cellular activity will be affected first?

protein synthesis

The cellular structure indicated by the arrow in Figure 04-02 is responsible for:

protein synthesis

Nucleoli contain chromosomal regions that specialize in making:

ribosomes

All of the following functions are preformed by plant vacuoles except:

storage of nucleic acids

***The formation of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water occurs in the portion of the chloroplast in Figure 04-03 labeled

structure A

***Refer to Figure 04-03. The formation of ATP occurs in the portion of the chloroplast labeled:

structure E

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum:

synthesizes lipids

Which of the following is not found in single celled organisms?

tissues

***The structures in the micrograph could be:

B and D (cilia; flagella)

Which scientist first viewed living cells?

Anton van Leeuwenhock