BIOLOGY MIDTERM

121.A carnivore in this desert community is represented by the

roadrunners/top pyramid

116.Letter D represents

Dehydration synthesis

81.Cellulose is formed from glucose molecules by a process known as

Dehydration synthesis

22.The reaction indicated that arrow E illustrates

Dehydration synthesis (diagram)

62.The chemical reaction represented by the equation is known as

Dehydration synthesis (diagram)

98.This equation represents a type of reaction known as

Dehydration synthesis (diagram)

119.In a forest community, a shelf fungus and a slug live on the side of a decaying tree trunk. The fungus digests and absorbed materials from the tree, while the slug eats algae growing on the outside of the trunk. These organisms do not compete with another because they occupy

Different niches

25. In a freshwater pond community, a carp eat a decaying material from the bases of underwater plants while a snail scrapes algae from the leaves and stems of the same plants. They can survive at the same time because they occupy

Different niches

39.The cormorant and shag are two fish-eating, cliff-nesting birds that are both able to live in the same area because they are able to occupy

Different niches

64.The diagram below represents par of the human respiratory system. The process most directly involved with the exchange of gasses between the air sacs and blood vessels is

Diffusion

91.In most carbohydrates, the hydrogen to oxygen ratio is

2:1

137.In the graph below, graph I shows the relationship between the relative rates of activity of enzymes A and B and temperature. Graph H shows the relationship between the relative rates of activity of enzymes A and B and pH. The optimum environment for enzyme B is

30 degrees C and 8-a pH level up

95.Which molecule represents a monosaccharide?

8 (diagram)

30.Which letter indicates a molecule of a disaccharide?

A (diagram)

21.The type of end product resulting from the complete digestion of a protein molecule is represented by both

A and B (diagram)

51.A natural community interacting with its abiotic environment is a description of

A ecosystem

6.The interactions among organisms in this diagram illustrate

A food web

20.Amino groups are found in molecules of

A,B, and C (diagram)

128.Which compound contains a peptide bond?

E (diagram)

129.Which compounds each contain a carboxyl group?

E, D

3.Which words best complete the letter blanks in the two sentences below? Organic compounds, such as proteins and starches, are too (a) to diffuse into cells. Proteins are digested into (b) and starches are digested into (c).

A. Large B. Amino acids C. Simple sugars

112.Which term best describes a solution with a pH of 5?

Acidic

52.Which process would include a net movement of sugar molecules through a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration?

Active tranport

45.Which process requires the expenditure of of cellular energy?

Active transport

17.One possible reason many plant and animal species have become extinct is that they could not

Adapt to their environment

92.The special characteristic that make an organism particularly well suited to its environment are known as

Adaptions

77.According to the graph below, at which temperature will the denaturation of lipase begin?

After 40 degrees (graph)

60.The substance represented by x is

Amino acid (diagram)

115.If structure E contains a peptide bond, structures A and B must represent

Amino acids

85.The building blocks that combined and formed this molecule are

Amino acids (diagram)

28.The biotic and abiotic factors interfacing with each other in a pond form is known as

An ecosystem

2.Which is an example of a changing biotic factor in an ecosystem?

Animals, grass, plants

35.If birds eat insects that feed on corn, which pyramid level would birds occupy?

B (diagram)

36.Which letter indicates a cell structure that directly controls the movement of molecules into and out of the cell?

B (diagram)

67.Which enzyme shows the greatest change in its rate of action with the east change in pH?

B (diagram)

69.The chart below shows the elements present in four different chemical compounds (A, B, C, and D). An X indicates the presence of a particular element. Which compound could be a carbohydrate?

B (diagram)

70.Proteins are synthesized from less complex organic compounds known as

B (diagram)

68.Which two enzymes would function in a region of the human body having a neutral pH?

B and C (diagram)

138.Under which conditions is enzyme A most effective?

Between 40-50 degrees C around 45 degrees C, between 4-5 pH

114.An organic catalyst is indicated by letter

C

31.An enzyme and four different molecules are shown in the diagram below. The enzyme would most likely affect reactions involving

C

23.A dipetide is represented by

C (diagram)

24.A molecule containing a peptide bond is represented by

C (diagram)

97.A disaccharide molecule is represented by

C (diagram)

96.Which two molecules are components of molecule A?

C and D

127.Which compounds are produced when a fast molecule is hydrolyzed?

C and D (diagram)

130.Fatty acids and amino acids both contain

CHO

103.A specific organic compound contains only the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ration of 1:2:1. This compound is most probably a

Carbohydrate

108.Which molecule usually contains hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the ratio 2:1?

Carbohydrate

72.Which substances are necessary for the synthesis of most materials in an organism?

Carbohydrate

13.An organic compound that has hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio would belong to the group of compounds known as

Carbohydrates

18.Which substances are most commonly used as building blocks in the synthesis of some lipids?

Carbon and hydrogen

43.What is represented by the grouping of atoms?

Carboxyl group (diagram)

7.The adult frog represents a type of consumer known as a

Carnivore

135.An environment can support only as many organisms as the available energy, minerals, and oxygen will allow. Which term best describes this statement?

Carrying capacity

41.The diagram below represents a enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Which substrate is represented by letter X?

Catalyst (diagram)

99.Substance B is classified as a

Catalyst (diagram)

38.In the diagram below, the dark dots indicate the small molecules. These molecules are moving out of the cells, as indicated by the arrows. The number of dots inside and outside of the two cells represents the relative concentrations of the molecules inside and outside of the cells. ATP is being used to move the molecules out of the cell by

Cell A

40.Which sequence of terms is in the correct order from simplest to most complex?

Cells, tissues, organs, organ system

100.When a partially rotted log was turned over, fungi, termites, pill bugs, ants, slugs, and earthworms were found to be living in and around it. These organisms collectively represent a

Community

58.An orbiting satellite is sent into space as a balanced, self-contained biological unit, with each animal and plant species complementing the other and contributing to the balance. Together, they various animal and plant species in the environment represent

Community

37.The graph below shows the growth of two populations of paramedics grown in the same dish for 14 days. Which ecological concept is best represented by the graph?

Competition

5.Two different species of insect-eating birds feed and nest at different levels in the same evergreen tree. In this way they avoid

Competition

57.In a stable, long existing community, the establishment of a single species per niche is most directly the result of

Competition

76.In New York State, bluebirds and sparrows inhabit nearly the same ecological niche. In many areas, bluebirds are being replaced by the sparrows as result of

Competition

53.An overpopulation of deer in a certain area will most likely lead to

Competition increasing

16.The diagram below represents a biomass pyramid. Which pyramid level contains the greatest amount of stored energy?

D (diagram)

86.Which group of atoms represents a carboxyl (acid) group?

D (diagram)

9.The carrying capacity of a given environment is least dependent on

Daily temperature fluctuations

46.The study of the interactions between organisms and their interrelationships with the physical environment is known as

Ecology

42.Red blood cells contain a higher concentration of potassium than the surrounding blood plasma does. This higher concentration is maintained by the process of

Osmosis

80.A biologist diluted a blood sample with distilled water. While observing the sample under a microscope, she noted that the red blood cells hurts. This bursting is most likely a result of Which process?

Osmosis

55.A student was given a beaker containing distilled water and a separate smaller beaker containing a solution of methylene blue. The student was directed to carefully lower the smaller beaker into the larger beaker. He observed that the methylene blue began to disperse into the distilled water, as shown in the diagram below. Which process was most likely responsible for the observed changes?

Passive transport

61.Letter y represents

Peptide bond (diagram)

124.Which event illustrates the interaction of an abiotic factor with a biotic factor in the environment?

Person sitting on a wood chair

93.The members of species micro 'tis pennsylvanicus living in a certain location make up a

Population

90.A scorpion stalks, kills, and then eats a spider. Base on its behavior, which ecological terms describe the scorpion?

Predator

56.Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem?

Predators

84.They type of molecule represented by the formula is most likely a component of

Proteins (diagram)

120.If the enzyme represented in the graph below functions like most enzymes, which would be the best label for the vertical axis of the graph? (Assume enzyme concentration remains constant)

Reaction rate

14.The net movement of molecules into cells is most dependent upon the

Selectivity of the cell membrane

19.A characteristic shared by all enzymes, hormones, and antibodies is that their function is determined by the

Shape of their molecules

10.The complete hydrolysis of a polysaccharide results in the production of

Simple sugars

109.What are the end products of carbohydrate hydrolysis?

Simple sugars

71.Which characteristic allows enzymes to function in a specific way?

Specific shape

8.A characteristic of hormones and enzymes that allows them to work effectively with other organic molecules is their

Specific shape

59.A certain enzyme will hydrolyze egg white but not starch. Which statement best explains this observation?

Specific shape of an enzyme

132.Which statement describes all enzymes?

Speeds up chemical reactions

136.The linking together of many molecules of glucose may produce a molecule of

Starch

88.Plants Store carbohydrates in the form of

Starch

104.The graph below represents the rate of enzyme action when different concentrations of enzyme are added to a system with a fixed amount of substrate. When the enzyme concentration is increase from 0.5 mg/ml to 0.6 mg/ml, the rate of the reaction would most likely

Stay the same

75.The graph below represents the rate of enzyme action for gastric protease when this enzyme concentration is kept constant. The pattern of enzyme action shown in the graph most likely results from varying Which experimental factor (X in the graph)?

Substrate concentration

82.The enzyme intestinal protease is most active at a pH of 8.0 and a temperature of 37DC. The activity of this enzyme would most likely decrease with an increase in the

Temperature

111.The rate of action of the enzyme protease is affected by

Temperature and pH levels

27.The diagram below represents a good pyramid of organisms inhabiting a pond. What is the original source of energy for all organisms in the food pyramid?

The sun (diagram)

94.Movement of organelles within the cytoplasm of plant and animal cells is due most directly to

Transport

134.Which substance found in the cytoplasm of an ameba is an unorganized compound?

Water

139.Which organic substance found in living matter aids in the diffusion of gases through a cell membrane?

Water

32.A red blood cell is placed in distilled water will swell and burst due to the diffusion of

Water concentration

122.Transport into and out of the cells of a hydra occurs by the means of

Osmosis

48.Which represents a disaccharide molecule?

#1 (diagram)

50.Which represents a carbohydrate molecule?

#1 (diagram)

49.Which represents a building block molecule for enzymes?

#4 (diagram)

106.At which enzyme concentration does all of the available substrate react with the enzyme?

0.3 mg/ml

89.Gastric protease operates most efficiently in the presence of hudrolic acid. Which pH range would be optimal for gastric protease?

1-6 acidic

1.The substance labeled "catalyst" is also known as

Enzymes

26.Luciferin is a molecule that, when broken down in fireflies, produces heat and light. The rate at which luciferin is broken down in cells is controlled by

Enzymes

126.What occurs during the digestion of proteins?

Enzymes break down proteins

44.Which is an organic compound found in most cells?

Glucose

63.Which substance is represented by letter Z?

H2O (diagram)

12.The process of osmosis would explain the net movement of water into a cell if the percentage of

H2O is less on the inside than the h2p on the outside

118.Maltase is an enzyme that is not able to catalyze the synthesis of lipid because maltase

Has a specific active site

29.Which chemical reaction is represented by this equation?

Hydrolysis (diagram)

73.The diagram below illustrates the relationships between the organisms in an ecosystem. Which change would most likely reduce the population size of the carnivorous fish?

If the aquarium crustaceans die off or decrease

101.A food web is more stable than a food chain because a food web

Includes alternate pathways of energy

66.A solution with a pH of 6 contains enzyme C and it's substrate. If a vase is gradually added to this solution, the rate of action of enzyme C would most likely

Increase rapidly, decrease rapidly (diagram)

83.Which is these elements is found in the smallest amount in living matter?

Iodine

65.The "lock-and-key" model of enzyme action illustrates that a particular enzyme molecule

Is specific to a particular substrate molecule

133.Which environmental condition would most likely have the least effect on the rate of an enzyme-controlled hydrolytic reaction in humans?

Light

107.Which molecule may be formed by the dehydration synthesis of fatty acid molecules and glycerol molecules?

Lipid

15. Which structural formula represents a carbonyl group?

Look at drawing ok number 15

110.A student observed a green plant cell under the low-power objective of her microscope and noted the movement of organelles as shown in diagram A. She then added three drops of a 10% salt solution to the slide, waited a few minutes, and observed the cells as shown in diagram B. The appearance of the clumped material in diagram B is due to

Osmosis

113.Every single-felled organism is able to survive because it carries out

Metabolic activities

123.Carbohydrate molecules A and B come in contact with the cell membrane of the same cell. Molecule A passes through the membrane readily, but Molecule B does not. It is most likely that molecule A is

Molecule A is smaller

102.Molecules A and B come in contact with the cell membrane of the same cell. Molecule A passes through the membrane readily, but molecule B does not. Which statement could describe molecules A and B?

Molecule A is smaller than molecule B

87.Glucose and maltose are classified as organic compounds because they both are

Mostly made of carbons and hydrogens

33.Starch molecules are hydrolyzed into smaller units known as

N/A

34.Which process produces peptide bonds?

N/A

47.Which represents a molecule that, when combined with three fatty acids, forms a lipid molecule?

N/A

54.Which group of components includes examples of both biotic and abiotic factor which may be present in an ecosystem?

N/A

125.Which compound has the structural formula below?

NA

131.Which formula represents an amino group?

Nh2 (diagram)

117.Which is an example of an inorganic compound?

Non-living co2

74.A biochemist was given a sample of an unknown organic compound and asked to determined the class of organic compounds to which it belonged. The chart below represents the results of the biochemists analysis of the sample. Based on these results, to which class of organic compounds did the sample belong?

Nucleic acid

79.The diagram below represents some of the food relationships between several organisms in a marine community. Which organisms would normally be the least numerous in this marine community?

Orca whales and squid

78.Which sequence represents the correct order of levels of organization found in a complex organism?

Organisms: organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ system

4. A process that occurs in the human body is shown in the diagram below. What would happen if a temperature change caused the shape of the active site to be altered from its optimal shape?

The enzyme would stop working

11.A biologist reported success in breeding a tiger with a lion, producing healthy offspring. Other biologists will accept this report as fact only if

The experiment can be repeated