Biology Notecards
Receptor
Protein that detects signals and acts because of it
Organelle
a small part that carries out a specific job in a cell
selective permeability
allows some material, but not all, to cross the cell membrane
Vesicles
carry different molecules to where they are needed
Phagocytosis
cell membrane grows out to surround large particles
Endocytosis
cells use energy to transport a materiel that is too large to cross the membrane
Golgi Apparatus
changes, packaged, and transports cells to other parts in the cell
Cell Membrane
controls what comes into and goes out of the cell
Chloroplasts
converts energy from the sun into chemical energy through photosynthesis
Concentration Gradient
difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another
Osmosis
diffusion of water molecules
Cytoskeleton
gives cell shape, support, and strength
Eukaryotic Cells
have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
Centrioles
help form cilia and flagella
ER
helps production of proteins and other molecules
Passive Transport
high concentration to low concentration
Cytoplasm
jellylike material that contains the building block needed for life
Ribosomes
link amino acids to form proteins
Phospholipid
made of a phosphate group, a glycerol, and to fatty acid chains. interact w/ water
Proteins
molecule used in all life function: reproduction, repair, and growth
Facilitated Diffusion
molecules diffuse through transported proteins b/c they can't diffuses through the cell membranes themselves.
solutions
more salt added to water: higher concentration of salt, lower concentration of water.
Diffusion
movement of molecules from a high concentration to low
Exocytosis
moves substances out of the cell
Mitochondria
produce chemical energy that can be used by cells
Lysomes
protects a cells by attacking incoming bacteria/viruses
Prokaryotic Cells
small and have no distinct internal parts
Hypertonic
solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than a cell. water diffuses out of the cell and shrinks
Hypotonic
solution that has a lower concentration of solutes than the cell. water diffuses into the cell and expands.
Isotonic
solution that has the same concentration of solutes that the cell has
Vacuoles
store materials in a cell: water, food molecules, enzymes, and ions
Cell Wall
supports, shaped, and protects the cell
Active Transport
uses energy to transport molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration