Biology of Organisms: Chapter 29 PLANTS

Plants evolved from green algae approximately _____ million years ago.

475

In moss, _____ produce sperm. A. antheridia B. embryos C. sporangia D. protonemata E. archegonia

A. antheridia

The living plants that are most similar to the first plants to bear gametangia are the _____. A. bryophytes B. charophyceans C. angiosperms D. gymnosperms E. seedless vascular plants

A. bryophytes

Which of these characteristics is shared by algae and seed plants? A. pollen B. chloroplasts C. vascular tissue D. roots and shoots E. embryo development within gametangia

B. chloroplasts

During the Carboniferous period, forests consisting mainly of _____ produced vast quantities of organic matter, which was buried and later became coal. A. gymnosperms B. ferns and other seedless plants C. early angiosperms D. gymnosperms and early angiosperms E. giant mosses

B. ferns and other seedless plants

Which of these was the dominant plant group at the time that dinosaurs were the dominant animals? A. charophyceans B. gymnosperms C. bryophytes D. seedless vascular plants E. angiosperms

B. gymnosperms

About 450 million years ago, the terrestrial landscape on Earth would have ________. A. been covered with tall forests in swamps that would become today's coal B. had non-vascular, green plants similar to liverworts forming green mats on rock C. looked very similar to that of today, with flowers, grasses, shrubs, and trees D. been completely bare rock, with little pools that contained cyanobacteria and protists

B. had non-vascular, green plants similar to liverworts forming green mats on rock

Where do fern antheridia develop? A. on the underside of the sporophyte B. on the underside of the gametophyte C. on the tip of the gametophyte D. on the tip of the sporophyte E. on the tip of the haploid protonema

B. on the underside of the gametophyte

The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always _____. A. is called the gametophyte B. produces spores C. produces eggs and sperm D. develops from a spore E. is larger and more conspicuous than the haploid stage

B. produces spores

In seedless plants, a fertilized egg will develop into __________. A. spores B. a gametophyte C. a sporophyte D. a fruit E. gametes

C. a sporophyte

Which of the following traits was most important in enabling the first plants to move onto land? A. peroxisome enzymes that minimize losses from photorespiration B. apical meristems C. the development of sporopollenin to prevent the desiccation of zygotes D. alternation of generations E. rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes

C. the development of sporopollenin to prevent the desiccation of zygotes

Seedless plants include _____. A. only nonvascular plants B. only lycophytes and pterophytes C. bryophytes and gymnosperms D. bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails E. mosses and angiosperms

D. bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails

The closest algal relatives of land plants are _____. A. psilophytes B. bacillariophytes C. rhodophytes D. charophytes E. chrysophytes

D. charophytes

The conspicuous part of a fern plant is a _____. A. diploid sorus B. haploid gametophyte C. diploid gametophyte D. diploid sporophyte E. haploid sporophyte

D. diploid sporophyte

Angiosperms are most closely related to _____. A. seedless vascular plants B. green algae C. charophyceans D. gymnosperms E. bryophytes

D. gymnosperms

Most bryophytes, such as mosses, differ from all other plants in that they _____. A. have flagellated sperm B. produce spores C. do not produce flowers D. lack true leaves and roots E. have cones but no seeds

D. lack true leaves and roots

The sperm produced by mosses require _____ to reach an archegonium. A. the development of a flower B. light C. wind D. moisture E. animals

D. moisture

In contrast to bryophytes, in vascular plants the dominant stage of the life cycle is the _____. A. gametophyte B. antheridium C. spore D. sporophyte E. archegonium

D. sporophyte

_____ are an example of seedless vascular plants. A. Mosses B. Charophyceans C. Pine trees D. Lilacs E. Ferns

E. Ferns

In mosses gametes are produced by _____; in ferns gametes are produced by _____.

mitosis; mitosis