Biology Plant tissues

What is a guard cell?

Epidermal tissue - Crescent shaped cells that border stomata on leaves - Control the opening and closing of the stomata to control gas exchange between the air and the leaf

what is a Pistil

Female reproductive structure Produces ovules

What is Parenchyma

Ground tissue - Large, thin walled, loosely packed cells - Large vacuoles for storage of sugars, fats, water - Make up bulk of plant organs

What is Collenchyma?

Ground tissue - Living cells with thickened cell walls that provide strong, flexible structural support - Often found in bundles beneath the epidermis and associated with vascular tissue in actively growing leaves + stems

What is Chlorenchyma?

Ground tissue - Parenchyma cells that contain chloroplasts, giving cells a green colour - Found just beneath the epidermis in leaves and green stems - Perform photosynthesis using solar energy to convert CO2 and H2O into sugar and O2

What is Sclerenchyma?

Ground tissue - Cells have very thick cell walls and are dead and hollow when mature - Cells are densely packed into bundles forming fibers that provide structural support - Often associated with vascular tissue in leaves and stems

What are some adaptations a flower has to help in reduction?

Large, colourful and fragrant flowers attract insects, bats and birds to carry pollen from one flower to another to pollinate flowers

what is the role of a leaf?

Main functions Main photosynthetic structure of plant Designed to maximize the exposure to light

What is a stems role in a plant?

Main functions Supports leaves, flowers Connects roots to leaves allowing for transport of materials (water, nutrients, sugars) Vascular tissues and ground tissues are found

What is a stamen?

Male reproductive structure Produces pollen

What is the role of a root system?

Anchors plant to ground Absorbs water and mineral from soil Stores nutrients

What is the difference in between a root epidermis and a leaf epidermis?

Root Epidermis -Help absorb water and minerals from the surrounding soil leaf epidermis -Produces a layer of wax, called a cuticle, that helps waterproof the leaf's surface -They adapt for defence, they have hairlike structures that contain chemical irritants

What is part of the shoot stem in plants?

Stem Leaf Flower

What is Phloem?

Vascular tissue - Consists of 2 types of living cells (sieve tubes and companion cells) - Form a network of tubes that transports sugar, produced by photosynthesis, and other organic nutrients to all parts of plant. - Each sieretube is accompanied by companion cells to keep it alive

What is Xylem

Vascular tissue - Rigid thick walled cells that are dead and hollow when mature - form a network of hollow tubes that conduct water and minerals, absorbed by roots, to all parts of plant (root to leaves)

What is the composition of a root?

Vascular tissues and ground tissues are found Structure is quite different from the stem Central cylinder (Stele): Consists of vascular tissue Outer cylinder (Cortex): Consists of thin walled storage tissue Endodermis: Separates the stele from the cortex Roots does not contain chlorenchyma since they are usually underground and not exposed to light; therefore unable to perform photosynthesis

What is the role of the cuticle in a plant

Waxy layer over the epidermal cells that waterproofs the leaf, minimizes water loss

What is apical meristem

apical meristem. A meristem at the tip of a plant shoot or root that produces auxin and causes the shoot or root to increase in length. Growth that originates in the apical meristem is called primary growth. This area is constantly undergoing mitosis

describe vascular Tissue

examples - Xylem - Phloem description - Cells form network of tube-like vessels throughout leaves, stems and roots. - Vascular tissues are usually clustered together in bundles called "vascular bundles" function - Transport water (xylem) and and nutrients (phloem) throughout plant

What is the function of a flower?

sexual reproduction

Describe Dermal Tissue

types - Epidermis - Periderm - Endodermis desciption - Cells forming the outermost layer of plant structures such as leaves, stems and roots. - Cells are often modified to perform specialized functions function - Form barrier separating different layers of tissue - Produce protective waxy coatings to minimize water loss - Control movement of materials into and out of plant

describe Ground Tissue

types - Parenchyma - Sclerenchyma - Collenchyma description - Variety of cell types making up the bulk of the plant tissue between the epidermis and vascular tissue. - Various specializations allow different cells to carry out different functions function - Structural support - Storage of water, sugar, starch - Photosynthesis