Biology regents review
Most animals make energy available for cell 3. During which process is oxygen used by green activity by transferring the potential energy of plants? glucose to ATP. This process occurs during
(3) both aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Which statement best describes a situation where competition occurs in an ecosystem?
A deer and a rabbit consume grass in a field.
Which statement is an example of the inter- dependence of organisms?
Ants get food from insects and protect insects from predators.
Before a new shopping center can be built on previously undeveloped land, the builders must submit a proposal to the local government for approval. Which statement identifies an environmental concern associated with the development of the shopping center?
Building the center would decrease resources needed by local organisms.
Evolution of a species could occur as a result of changes in the
Evolution of a species could occur as a result of changes in the
Which statement is an accurate description of genes?
Genes are made of DNA and code for pro- teins.
Which change is an example of maintaining dynamic equilibrium?
Insulin is released when glucose levels in the blood are high.
Which observation could lead to the conclusion that an object is nonliving?
It cannot perform metabolic processes.
Which statement best describes how a major change in the size of one population affects an ecosystem?
It could directly or indirectly affect the physical conditions and any population.
Which statement concerning the process of of photosynthesis may be used directly as aerobic respiration is true?
It is quite similar in all organisms.
Some states require shoppers to pay a deposit on certain beverage containers made of plastic and glass. When shoppers return the containers, their deposits are returned to them. How is this system intended to help the environment?
It reduces the amount of plastics and glass put into landfills.
Farmers may someday clone their best milk- producing cow into a whole herd. What potential disadvantage might be important to consider in having such a large group of clones on one farm?
Lack of variation may limit survival in the herd.
Human red blood cells placed in a 2 % salt solution appear to shrink, but those placed in a 4. Which process would include a net movement of 0.4 % salt solution burst. Which statement best sugar molecules through a membrane from a supports these observations?
Osmosis may occur in either direction swell and burst due to the diffusion of across the cell membrane.
What is H2O
Scientific term used for water
Which statement best describes what is most likely to occur if an animal population grows larger than the carrying capacity of its environment?
The death rate will increase.
Which method of collecting data would provide the most accurate information about how an ecosystem is being affected by human development?
The population size is recorded for each species present in the construction area before and after the building is completed.
What is metabolism
a chemical process that allows us to maintain out life
A direct indication that the white blood cells of the body are functioning would be
a decrease in the number of pathogens in the body
A finite resource in the environment that keeps a population from steadily increasing is known as
a limiting factor
Which phrase best describes a gene?
a segment of a DNA molecule that contains the instructions for producing a trait in an organism
Many biotic factors affect individuals in a population. An example of an organism being directly affected by a biotic factor is
a squirrel cannot find a mate
The end products of digestion enter the cells of plant by the process of vertebrate by the process of
absorbtion
Red blood cells contain a higher concentration of potassium than the surrounding blood plasma does. This higher concentration is maintained by the process of
active transport
Since cyanide is a poison that limits a cell's ability to manufacture ATP, a cell containing Which fluid was most likely added to the wet cyanide is least likely to carry on the process of
active transport
The net flow of materials through the membrane outside the cell of a cell against a concentration gradient is (3) water was 95% inside the cell and 90% known as
active transport
Which process would include a net movement of 0.4 % salt solution burst. Which statement best sugar molecules through a membrane from a supports these observations? region of lower concentration to a region of (1) Salt causes cell walls to swell. higher concentration?
active transport
The burning of fossil fuels has harmed the environment by
adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
The greatest number of molecules of ATP is 7. In animals, the organelles in which aerobic produced as a result of
aerobic respiration
One function of the male reproductive system in mammals is to
allow for delivery of gametes needed for reproduction
Which activity would eventually result in a stable ecosystem?
allowing native plants to grow undisturbed in an abandoned field
The inability of an organism to produce certain proteins can occur when an organism is lacking an enzyme needed to combine
amino acids
Within a plant cell, the glucose formed as a result 2. Which statement concerning the process of of photosynthesis may be used directly as
an energy source during cellular respiration
A scientist plans to cut a segment of DNA so that it can be inserted into the DNA of a bacterium, a single-celled organism. The scientist needs to use a special type of organic molecule to perform this cutting process. This molecule is
an enzyme
A student infected by a common cold virus ran a low-grade fever. After a few days, the student's temperature returned to normal and the student was free of cold symptoms. The fever served as
an immune response to a pathogen
One characteristic of a stable ecosystem is
an interdependence of organisms
What is a biological catalyst
another name used for an enzyme
Which molecules are needed to cut and copy segments of DNA?
biological catalysts
Water and minerals move from the soil into a 9. The end products of digestion enter the cells of plant by the process of
both diffusion and active transport
DNA replication occurs in preparation for
both mitosis and meiosis
Inlivingcells,chemicalprocesses,suchassynthesis, all require the action of
catalysts
To start the oxidation of one molecule of (4) neither aerobic and anaerobic respiration glucose, two molecules of ATP must be used because
certain chemical reactions in a living cell greatest amount of energy? require activation energy
Which factor is a major cause of the changes that occur during puberty, the years when the rate of human physical growth increases and reproductive maturity occurs?
changes in some hormone levels
Which sequence represents structures organized from most complex to least complex?
chloroplast
What is dehydration synthesis
combining bonds of nutrients
Many homeowners and businesses are installing solar electric systems. Greater use of solar electric systems benefits the environment because it
conserves nonrenewable resources
Bacteria and humans are similar in that they both
contain genetic material
Genetic engineering has the potential to correct human genetic disorders. In gene therapy, a defective gene is replaced by using a virus to insert a normal gene into the cells of an individual. This treatment will be most successful if the virus is inserted into cells that
continue to divide during the life of the patient
Materials are transported by a single-celled organism by the
cytoplasm
An ecosystem is self-sustaining as long as organ- isms have sufficient quantities of energy, oxygen, minerals, and water. When organisms die, some of these materials are recycled back to plants in the ecosystem primarily through the activity of
decomposers
In early spring, many wildflowers begin to grow, produce flowers, and release seeds. The leaves of the wildflowers make food before the leaves of the trees in the area begin to develop. The early growth pattern of the wildflowers would likely result in
decreased competition for sunlight between the trees and the wildflowers
According to scientists, ocean waves could be a source of energy. Devices are being designed to capture the energy from waves and supply electricity to coastal areas. A direct benefit of utilizing this technology to produce energy would be the
decreased use of nonrenewable resources
In humans, the maintenance of a stable internal temperature is a direct result of
detection of and reaction to stimuli in the environment
Natural selection is best described as
differences in survival rates as a result of different inherited characteristics
After a zygote is formed, specialization of cells occurs. Through which process do the cells of a zygote become specialized?
differentiation
An individual eats a hamburger. Which two systems must interact to transfer the nutrients in the hamburger to human muscle tissue?
digestive and circulatory
Fishermen have harvested certain fish to the point where the population of that fish is decreasing. This level of direct harvesting could cause
ecosystems to be severely damaged
Organisms contain compounds such as proteins, starches, and fats. The chemical bonds in these compounds can be a source of
energy
Rabbits produce large numbers of offspring during each reproductive season, yet the number of rabbits within a given population changes very little from year to year. The stability of the population size is most likely the result of
environmental factors that keep the population in check
The shape of a protein molecule directly determines its
functions inside and outside of cells
A woman changes her hair color to red; however, her children will not inherit this red hair color because the woman does not have
genes for red hair in her sex cells
Which structures regulate water loss and gas exchange in the leaves of plants?
guard cells
A man is exposed to large amounts of ultraviolet radiation while sunbathing at the beach. This exposure causes a genetic change in the DNA of a skin cell. In the future, this change can be passed on to
his skin cells, only
One positive impact that industrialization has had is that
industrialization has been a source of many jobs for people
human reproduction usually involves
internal fertilization and internal development
If the external environment of a living cell has a 8. The process of osmosis would explain the net greater concentration of salt than the cytoplasm movement of water into a cell if the percentage within the cell, the cell will tend to
loose water
When the human body is responding to stress, the hormone adrenaline is released. A short time later, the body returns to normal. This is an example of how a human
maintains dynamic equilibrium
How many cells are there in the body
millions
2 Which cell structure is mainly responsible for releasing energy from food molecules in some single-celled organisms?
mitochondrion
In animals, the organelles in which aerobic produced as a result of cellular respiration occurs are known as
mitochondrion
Which cell structure is mainly responsible for releasing energy from food molecules in some single-celled organisms?
mitochondrion
A zygote develops into a multicellular organism through
mitosis and specialization
For a human zygote to become an embryo, it must undergo
mitotic divisions
The aerobic respiration of a molecule of glucose alcohol and carbon dioxide molecules releases more energy than the anaerobic respiration of a molecule of glucose because, in 11. The oxidation of a glucose molecule results in aerobic respiration
more chemical bonds are broken
It is recommended that people avoid excessive use of tanning beds. Exposure to the radiation emitted by tanning beds can cause skin cancer. This cancer is the direct result of a
mutation in the genetic material
Which sequence represents structures organized from least complex to most complex?
nucleus → nerve cell → brain → nervous system
Which sequence best represents increasing complexity?
organelles → cells → tissues → organs
An ameba, a one-celled organism, can move, ingest, and transport materials within the cell, because it has
organells
The reproductive structure in a female mammal that produces sex cells is the
ovary
Which process uses energy to combine inorganic molecules to synthesize organic molecules?
photosynthesis
Which group consists entirely of organic molecules?
protein, starch, fat
Before a cell divides, an exact copy of each chromosome is made by the process of
replication
Which life function is not necessary for an individual organism to stay alive?
reproduction
Photosynthesis and respiration are alike in that they both
require specific catalysts
During which process is oxygen used by green activity by transferring the potential energy of plants?
respiration
In a green plant cell, oxygen is used primarily for the process of
respiration
In humans, the placenta is essential to the embryo for
respiration, nutrition, and excretion
During gas exchange, the cell membrane of a single-celled organism has the same function as which organ system in humans?
respiratory
Decomposers are necessary in a food chain because they
return nutrients to the ecosystem
Which activity enables humans to produce new genetic combinations in other organisms?
selecting and breeding the organisms for specific traits
Even though human proteins are synthesized from only 20 different amino acids, there are thousands of different proteins found in human cells. This great variety of proteins is possible because the
sequence and number of amino acids can be different in each protein
A cell begins to produce a new type of protein. This is most likely due to an alteration of the
sequence of bases in a section of a chromosome
the theory of evolution states that
species change over time, sometimes devel- oping into new species
Natural selection produces changes most quickly in
species with short reproduction systems
A fully functioning enzyme molecule is arranged in a complex three-dimensional shape. This shape determines the
specific type of molecule it interacts with during a reaction
A fruit fly is classified as a consumer rather than as a producer because it is unable to
synthesize its own food
Autotrophs differ from heterotrophs in that only autotrophs
synthesize nutrients using carbon dioxide and water
A cell in the leaf of a corn plant contains more chloroplasts than a cell in the stem of a corn plant. Based on this observation, it can be inferred that, when compared to the cell in the stem, the cell in the leaf
synthesizes more sugar
What are cells
the basic unit of life
What is hydrolysis
the chemical breakdown of chemicals
A characteristic common to both diffusion and active transport is that
the movement of molecules occur
Which of the following processes releases the greatest amount of energy
the oxidation of one glucose molecule to (3) the glucose molecule does not contain carbon dioxide and water molecules
What is absorption
the process of absorbing nutrients
What is digestion
the process of breaking down food
What is homeostasis
the tendency to maintain equilibrium
A student received a flu shot in the fall. During the flu season, the student caught a cold. The most likely reason the vaccine he received did not prevent the cold was that
the vaccine he received contained only flu virus antigens
When people receive organ transplants, they often need to take medications that decrease immune responses because
transplanted organs contain antigens that can trigger white blood cell activity
The cytoplasm in a single-celled organism and the circulatory system in a human both
transport substances throughout the organism
An example of recycling is
using plastic from a soda bottle to make a certain type of clothing
Evolution can occur at different rates; however, for evolution to occur, there must be
variations within species
In one town, some people support a proposal to build a shopping mall on a large, undeveloped lot, because it would increase business and create new jobs. As a trade-off, the shopping mall would cause a decrease in the
variety of wildlife populations in the area
A red blood cell placed in distilled water will (4) Osmosis may occur in either direction swell and burst due to the diffusion of
water into red blood cell
The process of osmosis would explain the net greater concentration of salt than the cytoplasm movement of water into a cell if the percentage within the cell, the cell will tend to of
water was 90% inside the cell and 95%
