BIOLOGY REVIEW

lipids

Waxes create a waterproof layer on the outside of some living organisms. To which group of organic molecules do waxes belong?

the sequence of nitrogen bases on the mRNA

What carries the instructions for making amino acids in a protein?

the active genes in the cell

What determines the function of a specialized cell?

cytoplasm

What do both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain?

two cells with eight chromosomes each

What would most likely be produced when a cell with eight chromosomes undergoes mitosis?

DNA contains the instructions used to make proteins

Which best summarizes the role of DNA in the production of proteins?

the protein produced will have a different identity

Which effect could a mutation in mRNA have on the production of proteins?

storage

Which is a primary function of a vacuole in a cell?

amino acids

Which molecules are joined together to make proteins?

blood cells

Which of the following cells below, in the human body, is specialized to transport oxygen throughout the body?

gene mutation

Which process can occur in both mitosis and meiosis?

it regulates body temperature

Which statement best explains how sweating during exercise maintains homeostasis?

increased exposure to X-rays

Which will most likely cause an increase in the frequency of genetic mutations in humans?

glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water

Which word equation best represents the process of cellular respiration?

to maintain the same number of chromosomes in the daughter cells as in the parent cell

Why must DNA replication have to occur before a cell can divide by mitosis?

ATP

A contractile vacuole helps protists eliminate excess liquid. This is a "pumping" process which reduces pressure inside the cell and prevents the cell from bursting. What is most likely the source of energy for this process?

AUC GUC AUG

A section of DNA has these bases: TAG CAG TAC Which mRNA sequence is produced from this DNA section?

bubbles of oxygen were produced as a result of photosynthesis

A student noticed that the freshwater plant, Elodea, produced bubbles when placed in direct light. What could the student most likely conclude?

carbohydrates

Salivary amylase is an enzyme in humans that breaks down starches. What substance would humans have difficulty digesting without this enzyme?

amino acids

During translation, what does the tRNA deliver to the ribosomes?

interphase

During which phase of the cell cycle does most cell growth occur?

both require DNA replication

How are mitosis and meiosis similar?

through anaerobic respiration in the cytoplasm

How does the body of a runner keep up with the demand for energy when cellular oxygen levels are low?

chloroplast

Plant cells are able to produce their own food. This process happens in which structure?

mitosis

The chemical colchicine disrupts cell division. Which cell process would most likely stop if colchicine were added to a culture of human liver cells?

cilia

The diagram below shows a Paramecium, a unicellular protist. When a chemical is added to the pond water in which the Paramecium lives, The Paramecium stops moving. Which structure is most likely affected?

the red blood cell will shrink from losing water molecules

The diagram below shows a red blood cell in a beaker that contains a solution with a higher salt concentration than that inside the red blood cell. What will happen to the red blood cell in this environment?

during differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells

The diagrams below show a variety of cells from the same organism. How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions?