Biology Test 2

What is the correct sequence of events in viral reproduction?

Attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation and release

Which of the following types of cells would a flu virus most likely target as the means of entry into the body?

Epithelial cells lining the respiratory system

Which of the following best describes how the flu virus may impact the respiratory system?

Epithelial cells see an increase in function as they try to adapt to the viral load of surrounding cells.

During an influenza infection, most of the symptoms felt are caused by the virus destroying the host cells.

False

Which structure on the influenza virus provides attachment to the surface of the targeted host cell?

N spikes

All viruses are made up of two components. These components are

a protein capsid and genetic material, in the form of either RNA or DNA.

The most common flu vaccine is called a trivalent vaccine because

it contains three different strains of inactivated viruses.

The cycle of viral infection that will rapidly result in the death of a bacterial cell is called the ______ cycle.

lytic

Evolution is

strongly supported by scientific evidence

Evolution is considered a scientific theory because it is supported by many lines of evidence from a broad range of scientific fields. From the list below, select all the fields that currently provide valid evidence to support the theory of evolution:

-Comparative anatomy -Fossil record -Embryology & developmental biology -Genetics & molecular biology

A scientific theory is best described as

a well-tested and supported explanation

Minimizing and/or preventing the spread of an infectious disease, such as measles, to individuals who cannot be vaccinated can be best acheived through which of the following strategies

acheiving a level of herd immunity through vaccination of those who can be safely vaccinated.

The breeding of dogs with minimal drooling to get a litter of non drooling puppies is an example of

artificial selection

When Moesha and Max Johnson were deciding whether or not to vaccinate their child, they came across information that stated the onset of autism symptoms typically occurs around 16-24 months of age, soon after most children receive their MMR vaccine at their 15 month wellness visit. This is an example of

correlation, but there is no support for a cause and effect relationship between the MMR and autism.Correct

The table below provides the Basic Reproduction Value (Ro) for three infections diseases in humans. If you were unvaccinated, which of these diseases would you have the greatest chance of contracting if you were exposed to the pathogen? Mumps4-7 Chicken Pox10-12 Influenza2-4

influenza

The tetanus vaccine does not contain any portion of the actual pathogen, but instead it contains the toxin that is produced by the pathogen. As such, this type of vaccine is classified as a(n) ___________ vaccine.

toxoid

The primary target of the influenza virus is the

epithelial cells lining the respiratory system.

The scientific definition of evolution refers to changes in a ______ over time.

population

From the list provided, select the two circumstances necessary for evolution to occur.

-There must be a variation for a trait within a population.There must be a variation for a trait within a population. -An advantageous trait must be passed on to the next generation.

Which of these best describes a virus?

A nonliving complex of RNA or DNA protected by a protein coat

During the pandemic, many people have published their opinions about various therapeutic strategies for treating COVID-19. Which of the following is an example of an expert on the topic?

An epidemiologists (scientist that studies infectious diseases) that has published a peer-reviewed, unbiased, scientific paper about the effects of mask mandates on minimizing the spread of respiratory viruses.

Andrew Wakefield M.D. was one of the researchers on the now retracted "Lancet" article that investigated the connection between the combined MMR vaccine, bowel disease, and austims in children. After the study was published, it was revealed that Dr. Wakefield had filed for a patent for the single pathogen vaccine for measles. The release of this specific piece of information allowed for scientists to request for the article to be retracted based on which of the following terms:

The potential for personal financial gain from the sale of the single pathogen vaccine put Dr. Wakefiled in a position of bias and violated ethical guidelines of the journal.

Which of the following statements accurately describes how viruses reproduce?

Viruses are typically a piece of genetic material encased in a protein capsule. They are only capable of reproducing once inside a living host cell.