biology test 3 review
Some species of pathogenic bacteria are able to attack specific cells in the human body due to structures called
A) adhesion factors
The advantage of the double-loop circulatory pathway of some vertebrates over the single-loop circulatory pathway of fish is that
A) all the blood is put back under pressure after picking up oxygen in the respiratory organ
The functional unit of the lungs where gas exchange occurs is the
A) alveolus
Increasing the size of the thoracic cavity through contraction of the diaphragm and rib muscles causes
A) an inhalation
Which of these worms are segmented?
A) annelids
Most carbon dioxide is carried in the blood
A) as bicarbonate ion formed from carbonic acid in the plasma
In an open circulatory system,
A) hemolymph enters the heart via ostia
Which organisms use Malpighian tubules to excrete uric acid?
A) insects
The vessel that leaves the heart, taking O2-rich blood to the body,
A) is large in diameter with a thick muscle and elastic layer
In animals with four-chambered hearts, the left ventricle
A) is larger as it pumps blood to the entire body
Many garden supply stores sell root dips used to treat plants that are being transplanted. Such dips are advertised as containing spores. What kind of spores should these dips contain?
A) mycorrhizal fungi
Which feature is believed to have been the first step in the evolution of land plants from the green algae?
A) protection of the embryo
Which is an example of a parazoan?
A) sponges
A fungal infection that covers an amphibian's skin can quickly kill the animal. Why can't amphibians tolerate their skin being covered with a foreign substance?
B) Amphibians have small lungs and use their skin for gas exchange; they suffocate when the skin is covered with fungal growth.
As a result of drinking contaminated water, a patient contracts amoebic dysentery. Would an antibiotic drug that inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis be beneficial in treating the amoeba infection?
B) No, because amoeba are not bacteria and do not have peptidoglycan.
All of the following are characteristics of arthropods except
B) a psuedocoelom
in the infamous anthrax attacks of 2001, several letters were received at the office of 2 US senators and various news media outlets. the letters contained dry granular or powdery material. 17 people who came into contact with the material from the letters suffered from anthrax infections and five more died and anthrax. how could dried out material cause anthrax?
B) anthrax bacteria can form endospores under harsh environmental conditions. the material in the letters contained endospores of anthrax bacteria, which germinated and grew in the more favorable environment of the victims bodies.
The pulmonary circuit in a closed circulatory system functions in
B) gas exchange in the lungs
For which of the following is iron required?
B) iron forms part of hemoglobin, which transports oxygen
The tracheal system of insects
B) makes a respiratory pigment in their hemolymph unnecessary
Hair within the nose and cilia lining the respiratory tract
B) prevent particles from entering the lungs
Most fungi in the environment function as
B) saprotrophs
A four-chambered heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries are found in
B) some closed circulatory systems
Which one of the following statements is true about animals that do not have circulatory systems?
B) they may rely on diffusion for the transfer of gases, nutrients, and wastes.
Neutrophils and monocytes are similar in that they both
B)result in phagocytized pathogens
During respiration in fish, what percentage of dissolved oxygen is absorbed?
C) 80-90%
Which of these is mismatched?
C) Calyx - stigma
a virus is specific to a particular type of host cell because
C) a glycoprotein on the viral capsid is a specific match to a receptor on the surface of a compatible host cell.
If the sinoatrial node fails in the heart
C) an artificial pacemaker can correct the problem
Some scientists estimate that over half of the world's rainforest has already been lost, mostly due to human activities. What would you predict as a consequence of the massive loss of plant life?
C) an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide
The mechanism by which oxygen moves into capillaries from alveoli is
C) diffusion
Which of the following is the correct path urine follows from internal structures to outside the body?
C) renal pelvis - ureter - urinary bladder - urethra
The main reason reptiles are so well-adapted to land environment is their method of
C) reproduction
Bacteria that secrete digestive enzymes into their surroundings in order to decompose nonliving organic matter are called
C) saprotrophs
An endoparasitic acoelomate with a body consisting of a scolex and a series of proglottids is a
C) tapeworm
________ is the vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals from a plant's roots to its leaves.
D) Xylem
A heart murmur is caused by
D) faulty atrioventricular valves
Which structure is a characteristic found only in angiosperms?
D) flower
Emphysema occurs when the walls of the alveoli are destroyed, reducing surface area for gas exchange. This condition impacts the
D) lower respiratory system more than the upper
Which fungal disease results in a loss of 1/3 of the world's rice crop every year?
D) rice blast disease
Which of these diseases is caused by a flatworm?
D) schistosomiasis
Which of these is a cephalopod?
D) squid
Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about platelets?
D) they phagocytize pathogens
Which of these is a chordate characteristic?
E) all of the above are chordate characteristics
which of the following is an emerging virus
E) all of the viruses listed are considered emerging viruses
Which are the most numerous and diverse vertebrates?
E) bony fishes
Blood pressure
E) contributes to movement of substances from the blood into the tissues
animal viruses that have an envelope enter cells by
E) either fusing with the plasma membrane or endocytosis.
which of the following statements regarding bacterial endospores is false
E) endospores re reproductive structures
Which organism listed is a crustacean?
E) lobster