Biology Unit 6 Test

The sequence of DNA below is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment? 4 8 12 20

A. 4

The table below gives the codons found in messenger RNA (mRNA). Based on the table above, determine the sequence of amino acids produced by this DNA sequence: 5' GCAGTTTTC 3'? Arg - Gln - Lys Cys - Gln - Lys Ser - Phe - Phe Ala - Val - Phe

A. Arg - Gln - Lys

Which of the following sequences of processes correctly reflects the central dogma? DNA to RNA to Protein RNA to DNA to Protein Protein to DNA to RNA Protein to RNA to DNA

A. DNA to RNA to Protein

Which of the following are the steps that RNA must take for the process of transcription to occur? RNA should copy the DNA code in the nucleus and then travel to the cytoplasm. RNA should copy the DNA code in the cytoplasm and find a ribosome. DNA should leave the nucleus to give RNA the code at a ribosome. DNA should copy the code and give it to tRNA when mRNA arrives at the ribosome.

A. RNA should copy the DNA code in the nucleus and then travel to the cytoplasm.

Name the process occurring in the diagram. Transcription Replication Translation Osmosis

A. Transcription

A diagram of a cellular process is shown below. Which of the following identifies the process shown at point Z? Translation Translocation Replication Transcription

A. Translation

The diagram below represents a portion of a nucleic acid molecule. The part indicated by arrow X could be... adenine ribose deoxyribose phosphate

A. adenine

DNA is composed of strands of nucleotides that pair in regular patterns and are held together by forces shown in the diagram below. What are the names of those bonds? hydrogen bonds carbon bonds covalent bonds ionic bonds

A. hydrogen bonds

Which two cell structures work together in the process of protein synthesis? nucleus and ribosome nucleus and chloroplast ribosome and vacuole mitochondrion and cell membrane

A. nucleus and ribosome

If the structure of DNA is like a ladder, what would make up the supporting structure or "rails" (not the "rungs") of the ladder? sugar-phosphate molecules nucleotide bases, including uracil nucleotide bases, including thymine amino acids and sugars

A. sugar-phosphate molecules

The molecule DNA contains the four bases listed below. Which base pairings normally occur during DNA replication? Guanine pairs with cytosine. Thymine pairs with thymine Adenine pairs with thymine. Cytosine pairs with guanine. Thymine pairs with guanine. Cytosine pairs with adenine. Cytosine pairs with cytosine. Thymine pairs with thymine

B. Adenine pairs with thymine. Cytosine pairs with guanine.

Which is the correct complementary strand of mRNA for the DNA code : ATTCCGATC UTTGGACTT UAAGGCUAG TAAGGCTAG TUUCCGTAG

B. UAAGGCUAG

A scientist puts nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis. Soon the test tube is full of polypeptide chains composed only of the amino acid phenylalanine. What does this experiment indicate? The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of uracil. UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine. Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes. Most proteins contain only one type of amino acid.

B. UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine.

Proteins have many different functions in a cell. Which of the following are possible functions of a protein?* catalysts and building blocks of DNA enzymes and actively transports molecules across the cell membrane building blocks of DNA and structural components of cell membrane components of the cell membrane and main source of energy in cellular respiration

B. enzymes and actively transports molecules across the cell membrane

The structures and organelles in cells have specific functions. Which cell structure is the site of translation? nucleus ribosome chloroplast mitochondrion

B. ribosome

Which of the following carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis? mRNA tRNA rRNA nRNA

B. tRNA

Which defines a codon in DNA or mRNA?* pair of nucleic acid and sugar three-base code pair of phosphate and sugar two-base code

B. three-base code

If the DNA triplets (code) are ATG CGT, then the tRNA anticodons would be UAC GCA CAU ACG ACG UAC AUG CGU

D. AUG CGU

Which of the following do DNA and RNA have in common? Both are double-stranded. Both contain ribose molecules. Both contain thymine. Both contain phosphate groups.

D. Both contain phosphate groups.

What is the first step in both replication and transcription? weak hydrogen bonds are broken DNA strands separate Nitrogenous bases are arranged in a specific order DNA is unzipped

D. DNA is unzipped

Transcription is a process that occurs in cells. Which is the best description of transcription? DNA is copied. A RNA template is used to make proteins. A DNA template is used to generate RNA. A DNA sequence is used to activate enzymes in a cell.

C. A DNA template is used to generate RNA.

Which of these statements best explains why DNA is similar in most living organisms? All organisms have the same number of chromosomes. All chromosomes have the same number of DNA nucleotide pairs. All DNA contains the same bases that code for the same amino acids. All DNA is passed from one generation to the next during reproduction.

C. All DNA contains the same bases that code for the same amino acids.

Base your answer to the following question on the structures represented in the diagram below. What is the relationship between these three structures? DNA is made up of proteins that are synthesized in the cell. Protein is composed of DNA that is stored in the cell DNA controls the production of protein in the cell. The cell is composed only of DNA and protein.

C. DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.

Which of the following are the steps that RNA must take for the process of transcription to occur? RNA should copy the DNA code in the cytoplasm and find a ribosome. DNA should leave the nucleus to give RNA the code at a ribosome. RNA should copy the DNA code in the nucleus and then travel to the cytoplasm. DNA should copy the code and give it to tRNA when mRNA arrives at the ribosome.

C. RNA should copy the DNA code in the nucleus and then travel to the cytoplasm.

Zach made the following table to show the functions of different types of RNA. Which information best completes the table? codes for DNA sequences vital to the cell builds amino acids from their chemical components carries specific amino acids to the site of protein synthesis returns genetic information from the cytoplasm back to the nucleus

C. carries specific amino acids to the site of protein synthesis

Translation occurs in the mitochondria golgi apparatus cytoplasm nucleus

C. cytoplasm

Transcription takes place in the mitochondrion ribosome nucleus cytoplasm

C. nucleus

The diagram below shows a vital cell process. Which process is illustrated in this diagram? replication transcription translation fermentation

C. translation

In order for protein synthesis to occur, both transcription and translation must occur. Which of the following statements describes the difference between transcription and translation? In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is first encoded. Translation is the process of converting the DNA code into code that RNA can use. In transcription, an amino acid chain is encoded in a DNA molecule. Translation is the process of turning the amino acids into nucleic acids in an RNA molecule. In transcription, a double helix DNA molecule is split into two separate single strands. Translation is the process of joining each single DNA strand with a single strand of matching RNA. In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is transferred to a messenger RNA molecule. Translation is the process of creating an amino acid chain using the encoded messenger RNA.

D. In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is transferred to a messenger RNA molecule. Translation is the process of creating an amino acid chain using the encoded messenger RNA.

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in RNA but not DNA? cytosine adenine thymine uracil

D. uracil