Biology Unit 8

ovary

In flowering plants the egg occurs inside the ______________.

tuber

A fleshly, enlarged end of a stolon is called a _______________.

gonad

A generalized term for sex organs in animals is ______________.

organ

A group of tissues which form a body part with a definite function or purpose is called an ____________________.

external

A majority of aquatic animals have ________________ fertilization.

binary fission

A protozoan that divides to form two daughter cells just like itself would be undergoing _______________.

24 hours

In a typical mammal cell the period of time required for a complete cycle of interphase, mitosis, and a return to the beginning of interphase is _______________.

chromatin

thread-like substance in nucleus which carries genetic information

false

true or false? Eggs are motile.

true

true or false? It is possible for some organisms to have two sexes.

disease free seed plants genetic variation permits a species to be successful in an environment offspring is often more resistant to unfavorable environmental conditions

What are three advantages to sexual reproduction?

It causes the growth of the body to develop into an organism with a specialization of cells causing the development of tissues and organs.

What effects does cell differentiation have?

Complete metamorphosis is one dramatic step, while incomplete metamorphosis is many steps occurring one after another until fully grown.

What is the difference between complete and incomplete metamorphosis?

Genetics vary throughout the offspring through sexual reproduction.

What is the relationship between sexual reproduction and genetic variation?

true

true or false? An elongated, horizontal stem that grows at the surface of the ground or just below it is called a rhizome.

false

true or false? Animals have more mechanisms for asexual reproduction than plants.

false

true or false? Eggs are produced in larger numbers than sperm.

false

true or false? Gametangia are produced by gametes.

true

true or false? Oogamy usually involves the production of eggs.

false

true or false? Root cuttings are more commonly used than stem cuttings.

true

true or false? The most commonly used method of asexual reproduction used in gardening is the cutting.

false

true or false? The stock is inserted into the scion during grafting.

false

true or false? Two plus strain gametes can undergo fertilization with one another.

anaphase

period of mitosis in which chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell

interphase

period when the cell is not engaged in division

reduction division

produces daughter cells with fewer chromosomes than the parent cell

fertilization

the fusion of gametes to produce a new cell or zygote

internal

the male has some means to transfer sperm into the reproductive system of the female

homologous chromosomes

matched pairs of structures containing genetic information

haplontic life cycle

meiosis occurs shortly after fertilization

pupa

resistant, inactive stage of change from juvenile phase to adult in many insects

metamorphosis

Animals that change greatly from the juvenile to the adult phases of life are said to undergo _________________________.

S phase

Chromatin or chromosomes are duplicated during _________________.

metaphase

Chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibers during _______________ phase of mitosis.

differentiation

The specialization of cells during the course of development of an animal is called _____________________.

telophase

The spindle apparatus disintegrates during the ______________ phase of mitosis.

half

Gametes have _____________ the chromosome number of the parent cell.

bulb

Which of the following structures contains a great deal of leaf tissue?

beetle

Which of the following undergoes complete metamorphosis?

archegonium

Which of the following would always contain an egg cell?

true

true or false? The chromosome number of sexually produced offspring is the same as that of the parents.

false

true or false? The volume of a sperm cell is larger than the volume of an egg.

internal

Mammals have ______________ fertilization.

diplontic

Man has _______________ kind of life cycle.

when gametes are produced

Meiosis takes place in an animal with a diplontic life cycle ________________.

organ

composed of one or more kinds of tissue

furrowing

method of cytokinesis in animals

telophase

The cell plate is formed during _____________.

bacterial cell

Which of the following cells would not divide using mitosis?

multiple fission

Which of the following methods of asexual reproduction is usually associated with the production of spores?

sperm cell

Which of the following would be produced by meiosis?

Some plants may only survive generations only through grafting.

Why is grafting used in agriculture?

zygote

a fertilized egg

motile

capable of independent movement

centriole

forms the pole of the spindle apparatus

fragmentation

Starfish, flatworms, and sponges may be cut into pieces and the individual parts will grow new individual animals by means of the process of _______________________________.

mitosis

The kind of cell division associated with an increase in size and weight of an organism is ________________.

one

The maximum number of sperm that can fertilize one egg is _________________.

prophase

The nuclear envelope disintegrates during ________________.

four

The number of daughter cells produced by meiosis is ______________.

Reproduction occurs with one parent, faster reproduction, good for agricultural purposes.

What advantages are given to animals and plants by asexual reproduction?

growth cell replacement cell repair reproduction

What are four important functions of mitosis?

maintain chromosome number genetic recombination

What are the two basic functions of meiosis?

antheridium

an organ in simpler plants that produces sperm cells

adventitious

appearance of buds or roots from tissue which is not bud or root tissue.

larva

first part of life in an organism which undergoes metamorphosis

haploid

having chromosomes which occur singly, not in matched sets or pairs

aquatic

lives in water

terrestrial

lives on land

zygote

A fertilized egg cell is called the ________________.

environment

The surroundings of any plant or animal are called _____________?

budding

The technique of asexual reproduction most commonly used in the production of fruit trees is ___________________________.

production of gametes

Which of the following expressions is not a function of mitosis?

diplontic life cycle

meiosis produces eggs and sperm

isogamy

A condition in which the gametes are the same shape and size would be called _______________.

complete metamorphosis

A drastic change from the juvenile stage to adult in one basic step which produces adults very different from the juveniles is called ___________________________________.

hormone

a chemical substance produced in one part of an animal or plant which may cause growth in another part of that organism

tissue

a mass or group of cells which have the same function

bulb

a plant structure with enlarged leaf bases, and stored food surrounding a central bit of fleshy stem tissue.

spindle apparatus

a system of fibers which go from one end of the cell to the other

root

An adventitious bud would be formed on a __________________.

protozoa

An organism that is likely to have a haplontic life cycle is a __________________.

harsh

Asexual reproduction is most common in plants growing in __________ climates.

first division of meiosis

Genetic recombination results from events during _____________.

Plant cells divide by means of a cell plate and animal cells undergo furrowing.

How does mitosis in animal cells differ from mitosis in higher plant cells?

conjugation

In some isogamous protists the act of fertilization involves the transfer of genetic information. This function is called ______________.

isogamous

Organisms having a haplontic life cycle would probably be __________________.

oogamous

Organisms having eggs and sperm are said to be ______________.

protists

The animal group with the largest number of adaptations for asexual reproduction would be the _________________.

tundra

The area or kind of community that would have the highest portion of the species reproducing by asexual means is a _____________.

anaphase

The chromosomes split into daughter chromosomes during ____________.

anisogamy

The condition in which gametes of the same species have the same shape, but in which they have different sizes is called _____________________.

layering

The technique of growing plants in which a section of the stem is covered with soil and a partial cut is made between the parent plant and the buried part of the stem is called ________________.

10-30 hours

The time period required for mitosis to begin and then for the cell to begin the process again, would be about __________________ in the cell of a higher or flowering plant.

meiosis

The uniqueness of individual animals and plants is the result of a process called ________________________.

greater

The vigor of a rootstock is usually _________________ than that of the root system produced by the scion.

gamete

Which of the following cells would have a different genetic composition than the other three in an animal with a diplontic life cycle?

fungi

Which of the following group of organisms would produce conidiospores?

genetic variation of offspring

Which of the following is not an advantage of sexual reproduction?

fragmentation

Which of the following methods of asexual reproduction cannot occur in a unicellular organism?