Biology-Week 1

Which statement is true of both mitochondria and chloroplasts? A. Both play a role in energy conversion B. Both are sites of cellular respiration C. Both convert energy from sugar, fats and other fuels into ATP D. They are both part of the endomembrane system

A. Both play a role in energy conversion

Which of the following statements regarding the nucleus is false? A. Cellular Respiration B. Houses chromosomes C. Contains chromatin D. Surrounded by a double membrane

A. Cellular Respiration

What cellular structure is responsible for its selective permeability? A. Plasma membrane B. Cytoplasm C. Nucleus D. Cytoskeleton

A. Plasma membrane

The pumping of substances across a membrane against the direction of spontaneous movement is which type of work? A. Diffusion B. Active Transport C. Dialysis D. Filtration

B. Active Transport

here are four levels of protein structure. Which level includes the coils of the α helix and the folds of the β pleated sheets? A. Primary structure B. Secondary structure C. Tertiary structure D. Quaternary structure

B. Secondary structure

Which of the following molecules is a carbohydrate? A. Palmitic acid B. Collagen C. Insulin D. Lactose

D. Lactose

Which of the following is not part of the endomembrane system? A. Endoplasmic reticulum B. Golgi apparatus C. Lysosomes D. Mitochondria

D. Mitochondria

Which of the following is not a type of intracellular junction in animal cells? A. Desmosomes B. Gap Junctions C. Tight Junctions D. Plasmodesmata

D. Plasmodesmata

Which group of organelles works together to regulate protein traffic and performs metabolic functions of the cell? A. Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and vacuoles B. Nucleus and ribosomes C. Mitochondria, chloroplast, peroxisome D. Nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin

A. Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and vacuoles

The lac operon is only found in prokaryotes and has structural genes, a promoter, and an operator. Why do we study the lac operon? A. It is the main way gene transcription is regulated. B. It shows the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. C. It helps us know how to control the cell cycle if uncontrollable cell growth takes place. D. It shows how RNA is processed after it is transcribed.

A. It is the main way gene transcription is regulated.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? A. Saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature; unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature B. Saturated fats are cannot pack together closely because of their bent structure; unsaturated fats can pack together because they are flat C. Saturated fats come from plants and fish; unsaturated fats are from animals (except fish) D. Saturated fats are considered "healthy" fats; unsaturated fats may contribute to cardiovascular disease

A. Saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature; unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature

Before a cell can undergo cellular division, it must progress through an interphase stage in which the cell matures and produces proteins needed for division. Which of the following best describes the interphase stage? A: The cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares to divide during interphase. If a genetic mutation is introduced during interphase and not repaired, the daughter cells will inherit the mutation. B: The cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares to divide during interphase. None of the genetic mutations introduced during interphase are inherited by the daughter cells. C: The cell replicates its DNA and prepares to divide during interphase, but does not grow. None of the genetic mutations introduced during interphase are inherited by the daughter cells. D: The cell replicates its DNA and prepares to divide during interphase, but does not grow. If a genetic mutation is introduced during interphase and not repaired, the daughter cells will inherit the mutation.

A: The cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares to divide during interphase. If a genetic mutation is introduced during interphase and not repaired, the daughter cells will inherit the mutation.

How do large particles, such as proteins and polysaccharides, generally cross the plasma membrane into cells? A. Exocytosis B. Endocytosis C. Cotransport D. Gated channels

B. Endocytosis

Which group of cellular structures form the endomembrane system? A. Microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments B. Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles C. Mitochondria and chloroplasts D. Fimbriae, nucleoid, flagella

B. Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles

Although animal cells lack cell walls, they have a complex network of glycoproteins that provide structure and strength to the cell, referred to as: A. Desmosomes B. Extracellular matrix C. Intermediate filaments D. Cytoskeleton

B. Extracellular matrix

Which type of chemical bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in oppositely charged ions that are attracted to each other? A. Covalent bond B. Ionic bond C. Hydrogen bond D. Van der Waals interactions

B. Ionic bond

Which structure-function pair is incorrectly matched? A. Vacuole — Digestion, waste disposal, and storage B. Chloroplast — Photosynthesis C. Ribosome — Synthesis of lipids, detoxification of drugs and poisons D. Lysosome — Breakdown of ingested substances, damaged organelles recycled

C. Ribosome — Synthesis of lipids, detoxification of drugs and poisons

Which of the following is an example of active transport used by the cell to maintain internal concentrations of small solutes different form concentrations in the environment? A. Facilitated diffusion B. Osmoregulation C. Sodium-potassium pump D. Bulk transport

C. Sodium-potassium pump

In an emergency, a doctor can replace a patient's blood plasma with a solution of 5% human albumin and 0.9% NaCl. A pharmacist does not have ready-made 5% albumin solution and decided to use a 25% albumin solution instead. He mixed 1 part of the 25% solution with 4 parts of sterile distilled water. The administration of the solution caused severe damage to the patient. How can the consequence of the administration of substitute plasma be explained? A. The dilution was incorrect, resulting in an excessive concentration of albumin that led to the shriveling of the red blood cells. B. The dilution was incorrect, resulting in a deficient concentration of albumin that led to the bursting of the red blood cells. C. The dilution of albumin in distilled water caused the bursting of red blood cells because the solution was hypotonic to the red blood cells. D. The dilution of albumin in distilled water caused the shriveling of the red blood cells because the solution was hypertonic to the red blood cells.

C. The dilution of albumin in distilled water caused the bursting of red blood cells because the solution was hypotonic to the red blood cells.

What determines the function of a protein? A. The number of peptide bonds B. The types of side chains C. The protein's specific structure D. The tissue that produces the protein

C. The protein's specific structure

In a respiration experiment, transgenic mice (those possessing a particular genetic mutation) were compared to wild type (normal) mice. The ADP levels in the transgenic mice were found to be higher than those in the wild type. Which of the following is the most plausible explanation for this finding? A. The rate of oxygen consumption in mitochondria was higher in transgenic mice. B. The transgenic mice are unable to utilize ATP in the cytoplasm for metabolism. C. The transgenic mice have impaired mitochondria, decreasing their cells' ability to convert ADP to ATP. D. The rate of carbon dioxide consumption in cells was lower in transgenic mice.

C. The transgenic mice have impaired mitochondria, decreasing their cells' ability to convert ADP to ATP.

Human red blood cells lack mitochondria. Which of the following correctly explains the primary pathway that red blood cells use to produce energy? A: Red blood cells generate ATP and NADH via aerobic respiration. B: Red blood cells generate ATP and NADH via anaerobic fermentation. C: Red blood cells metabolize glucose via glycolysis followed by carbon dioxide and ethanol production to produce ATP. D: Red blood cells produce ATP via glycolysis followed by lactic acid production.

D: Red blood cells produce ATP via glycolysis followed by lactic acid production.

Organisms that reproduce sexually exhibit zygotic, gametic, or sporic meiosis. One way to determine the type of life cycle an organism has is by A. observing embryonic development. B. comparing the diploid and haploid forms of the organism. C. determining when in the life cycle fertilization occurs. D. determining if gametes are multicellular or unicellular.

B. comparing the diploid and haploid forms of the organism.

There are several emergent properties of water that contribute its powerful affect on living organisms. These emerging properties are mostly due to: A. The abundance of water on Earth B. The hydrogen bonds linking water molecules together C. Water's ability to moderate pH D. The buffering ability of water

B. The hydrogen bonds linking water molecules together

Which property of water allows it to move upward from the roots of a tree to its leaves? A. High specific heat B. High heat of vaporization C. Cohesion D. Solvent of life

C. Cohesion

Lactose fermenting strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are designated as lac+, whereas strains deficient in lactose fermentation are designated as lac-. Extracts from lac+ cells are incubated separately with three different enzymes: extract A with protease K (which digests proteins), extract B with DNases (which digests DNA), and extract C with RNase H (which digests RNA). After treatment with enzymes, each extract is incubated with live lac− cells and grown on a medium containing an indicator. Blue colonies indicate that lactose is being fermented. Colorless colonies indicate that the cells cannot ferment lactose. Which of the following would most likely be observed after growing the cultures? A. Only colorless colonies appear from cells incubated with extract A. B. Only colorless colonies appear from cells incubated with extract B. C. Only colorless colonies appear from cells incubated with extract C. D. Blue colonies appear from cells grown with all three extracts.

B. Only colorless colonies appear from cells incubated with extract B.

Which part of the cell allows the cell to discriminate in its chemical exchanges with its environment? A. Cytoskeleton B. Cilia C. Plasma Membrane D. Cell Wall

C. Plasma Membrane

During photosynthesis A. light reactions produce sugar, while the Calvin cycle produces O2. B. light reactions produce NADPH and ATP, while the Calvin cycle produces sugar. C. light reactions photophosphorylate ADP, while the Calvin cycle produces ATP. D. the Calvin cycle produces both sugar and O2.

B. light reactions produce NADPH and ATP, while the Calvin cycle produces sugar.

Which of the following conclusions can most reasonably be drawn if a host cell's function has been impaired following a viral infection? A: The host cell will lyse or undergo apoptosis regardless of the severity of damage. B: The host cell will lyse or undergo apoptosis if the severity of damage exceeds the cell's ability to repair itself. C: The host cell will only lyse. D: The host cell will only undergo apoptosis.

B: The host cell will lyse or undergo apoptosis if the severity of damage exceeds the cell's ability to repair itself.

Which of the following statements is not true of a plasma membrane protein: A. May aid in the transport of materials from one side of the membrane to the other B. Membrane proteins of adjacent cells may hook together in various kinds of junctions C. May be an enzyme or series of enzymes involved in metabolic pathways D. May be a membrane carbohydrate used for cell-to-cell recognition

D. May be a membrane carbohydrate used for cell-to-cell recognition