bioscience 2

Why haven't scientists catalogued all living things?

There are so many different living things on Earth that no one has been able to count all of them. Scientists have catalogued most of the living things we know about. This means that they have given them scientific names based on their physical characteristics. However, there are still many living things that have not been discovered

Classification criteria are _____________ features of organisms

common

Plants are __________ systems of cells and tissues.

complex

Classification of organisms is based on agreed upon

criteria

A ___________ can be used to help classify an observed organism.

dichotomous key

___________ species whose populations are so reduced that they may not be able to reproduce enough offspring for their own survival.

endangered

___________ and _____________ are both commonly used for scientific names.

genus and species

What are the parts of a plant?

the stem/trunk, leaves, roots, flowers, seeds, cones, and catkins

All organisms have only one agreed upon scientific name. TRUE OR FALSE

true

Plants use ___________ and ____________ vessels to transport water and food within themselves. Plants use root systems to draw water into themselves

xylem and phloem

_____________, _____________, _____________ and mushrooms belong to the Kingdom Fungi.

yeast mold and mushrooms

How do protists affect the lives of other organisms?

Answer: Some protists are parasites that live off their host organisms. Protists may carry diseases that can make other organisms sick or kill them, such as malaria, sleeping sickness, and dysentery

What are bacteria and why are they important?

Bacteria are the most common type of prokaryote. they are the smallest, most numerous organisms and they show us what the first cells on Earth were like. Bacteria are decomposers and help break down dead plants and animals. While some bacteria cause disease in humans and other organisms, most bacteria are not harmful to humans. Some bacteria are even helpful to humans and the environment.

_________ is a measure of the number of different kinds of organisms living within an area.

Biodiversity

How are organisms grouped into species?

Organisms are grouped into species based on similar physical characteristics. Most importantly, organisms in the same species have the ability to reproduce. When they reproduce, they create offspring that can reproduce too

How are organisms classified?

Organisms are classified based on their physical characteristics.

What system is used to help classify organisms?

branching

What do plants produce?

carbohydrates

What system is the commonly accepted method for classifying organisms?

Linnaean

How is a dichotomous key used to classify an organism?

A dichotomous key starts with a statement describing characteristics of an organism. You read the statement and choose one of the two answer choices given. Then, that answer choice takes you to a new statement in the key. You keep reading statements and choosing answers until you reach the end of the key. At that point, the organism is classified.

How do scientists create scientific names?

A scientific name has two parts, genus and species. Scientists give a scientific name to an organism based on its classification. When making up a scientific name, scientists usually use Latin or Greek words that describe the organism

What is a definition of the term species?

A species is defined as a group of organisms capable of passing genetic information within the group because the organisms can reproduce with one another

What do all living things have in common?

All living things are made of cells. Some living things are made of one cell while others are made of many cells. All living things possess genetic material, grow, reproduce, and require energy. They respond to changes in their environment and have the ability to move

What types of organisms can be classified?

All organisms can be classified. Even organisms that are extinct can be classified.

How does an animal's behavior and structure allow it to obtain energy from its environment?

Animals are built to move, which allows them to find food. This is important because, unlike plants, animals cannot use sunlight to make their own food. Alimentary tracts allow animals to ingest food. Special cell structures allow food to be broken down for energy in a process called respiration. Respiration requires oxygen, and releases carbon dioxide

What are the basic living building blocks that make up animals?

Animals are made of complex cells, called eukaryotic cells. In multicellular animals, these cells are organized into tissues.

Why is biodiversity important?

Biodiversity is important because ecosystems with a variety of organisms are healthier and more able to respond to environmental change. Ecosystems that have high biodiversity help maintain clean air and water supplies and provide plants that have medicinal value to humans.

Photosynthesis uses _________ and produces ________________.

CO2 and oxygen

the photosynthetic pigment that gives plants their green color

Chlorophyll

How do scientists classify protists?

Classed by locomotion (how they move) into phylums. Protists are difficult to classify. Some protists are heterotrophic, and some protists are autotrophic. Some protists reproduce sexually, and some reproduce asexually. However, all protists are eukaryotic, and therefore are classified as belonging in the domain Eukarya

The order of the taxonomy is:

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species

How do scientific names differ from common names?

Each organism may have many common names, and one common name can be used for many different organisms. A particular species has one, and only one, unique scientific name

How can human activities and other factors affect the biodiversity of an ecosystem?

Factors that affect habitats can have a negative effect on ecosystems. Activities such as farming, mining, and logging can change the water, air, and food webs in ecosystems and make it harder for plants and animals to survive. Natural factors such as plant and animal diseases can also have a negative impact on the biodiversity of an ecosystem. (Habitat destruction, alien species, pollution, change in climate, over-harvesting)

What kind of information do fossils provide about life on Earth?

Fossil evidence shows that life on Earth began about 3.5 billion years ago. Fossils also indicate that 98% of the species that ever lived are now extinct. This is because, over time, the types of organisms that live on Earth have changed

What is genetic variation and how does it help a population to survive?

Genetic variation refers to how similar or different the members of a same species are to one another. If members of a species are very similar to one another, then they are less likely to adapt to a changing environment. This is because there is less of a chance that individual organisms will have the features needed to survive in a new environment

_________ and _________descriptive terms are usually used for scientific names

Latin and Greek

How do populations benefit from individual adaptations?

Organisms with beneficial adaptations are more likely to survive and reproduce. Their offspring will have some of the parent organism's beneficial adaptations. Over time, the number of organisms in a population with the beneficial adaptation will increase. This is called natural selection. Natural selection leads to evolution.

How does plant structure aid in photosynthesis?

Plants are made of cells which are organized into specialized tissues. Plants have roots to pull water into themselves. The water travels through xylem to the leaves, stems, or needles. The leaves, stems, or needles combine the water with light energy and carbon dioxide to make carbohydrates. The leaves, stems, or needles then release excess oxygen, wastes, and water into the air. The carbohydrates are transported to other parts of the plant by phloem.

Why are plant reproductive structures ideal for plant reproduction?

Plants reproduce using seeds and spores. Seeds and spores are carried by wind, water, and other organisms to distant locations where they can settle and grow. Plants cannot move by themselves, but seeds and spores can be carried from one location to another. This allows plants to colonize other areas

How do plants obtain and store energy from the environment?

Plants use energy from the sun, water, and carbon dioxide from the environment to store energy in the form of carbohydrates. Oxygen is released when a plant makes carbohydrates in this way. This process is called photosynthesis

How are prokaryotes classified?

Prokaryotes are classified in two groups called bacteria and archaebacteria.

What is a protist?

Protists are eukaryotic unicellular organisms that can be autotrophic (like algae) or heterotrophic (like amoebas). Some protists reproduce sexually, and some reproduce asexually. Some protists live in colonies, and are considered multicellular organisms without specialized tissues

What are some common features that scientists use to classify organisms?

Scientists may use physical features to classify organisms. For example, similar organisms may have similar respiratory systems or skeletal structures. Scientists may also use behaviors to classify organisms. For example, similar organisms may have similar reproductive methods.

What does an organism's scientific name tell us about the organism?

Since an organism's scientific name shows its genus and species, we can use that information to figure out what other organisms are closely related to it, and how it evolved from other organisms. If we can translate the Latin or Greek words used to create the name, we might be able to learn something about what the organism looks like, where it lives, its diet, and perhaps its behaviors

How do fossils form?

Some fossils form when the remains of an organism (such as bones, teeth, or an exoskeleton) are preserved in sediment such as mud.

All organisms, including extinct organisms, are included in classification. TRUE OR FALSE

TRUE

Fungi reproduce by spores. Most fungi get energy from the remains of other organisms. Fungi are eukaryotes. TRUE OR FALSE

TRUE

Most organisms have multiple common names. TRUE OR FALSE

TRUE

Organisms of the same species can reproduce. TRUE OR FALSE

TRUE

What is the Linnaean system of classification?

The Linnaean system of classification places organisms into groups based on their shared characteristics. These groups include kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. These groups are hierarchical. This means that kingdom is the largest group and species is the smallest groups. The other groups fall between kingdom and species.

What are some famous protist?

amoeba and protozoans.

is a club-shape structure that produces spores.

basidium

•Plants use_________,____________,________ to collect energy and gases and to excrete waste.

leaves, stems, and needles

What do most plants produce though?

seeds and spores

________ is the most detailed level of the classification scheme

species

Plants require____________,___________, ____________, and a base for their roots.

sunlight, air, water