Bisc 102 Final Practice Test
If you cross two heterozygous ( Yy) pea plants, what proportion of the offspring will be heterozygous?
50%
The condition that develops when acetylcholine levels in the brain are deficient is
Alzheimer's disease
All of the following refer to mitosis, except
formation of gametes
Sister chromatids are
genetically identical and attached to each other at the centromere
1 n is an abbreviation for
haploid
You perform an experiment in which you take 16 pots of strawberry plants and give half of them 1 gram of ammonium nitrate per liter of water and the other half receive only water. Each group is then split in half again, and exposed to either 8 or 16 hours of light each day. You monitor the height of the plants for 4 weeks. You observe that plants grown in ammonium nitrate and 16 hours of light grow taller than no ammonium nitrate and 8 hours of light. Which of the following is/are dependent variable(s) in this experiment?
height of plant
Animals that eat only plants are
herbivores
If, for a study, you wanted to cause blood vessel dilation and swelling to mimic effects of innate immunity, you would want to inject
histamine
If you cross two pea plants, one with green peas and the other with yellow peas, and all of the offspring have yellow peas, you conclude
homozygous for the dominant allele
What evidence would cause you to think that a preembryo had split before day 12 of a patient's pregnancy?
identical twins
Beano is a product containing an enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates in beans and other vegetables, thereby reducing gas production when these foods are eaten. Why would humans need to take Beano to avoid gas?
if they don't break down the complex carbohydrates, bacteria in their colon will
A major challenge is finding an acceptable bone marrow donor with the matching complex of Major Histocompatibility (MHC) proteins a person needs. Why is it important that the MHC proteins match between the donor and recipient?
if they don't match, the recipient's immune system will see the donors bone marrow as foreign
If a diploid cell goes through mitosis it will generate
two diploid cells
The correct sequence for the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle is
interphase-prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telephase-cytolinesis
The major excretory organ of the human urinary system is the
kidneys
If a bird can mimic human speech, it can mimic the action of what organ?
larynx
The enzyme that breaks down fats is
lipase
Which produces bile?
liver
A single chromosome has
multiple genes each with a single allele.
When chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, this is known as
nondisjunction
Animals that eat a broad variety of foods, including plants and animals, are
omnivores
The structure that secretes a thin, milky, alkaline fluid that activates the sperm to swim is the
prostate gland
The tightly coiled structure/s inside the testes that produce the sperm cells is/are the
seminiferous tubules
The walls of the bronchioles are made up of
smooth muscle
The hormone released by the anterior pituitary that triggers ovulation and transforms the ruptured follicle into the corpus luteum is
LH
You are reading a patient's chart and decide that ovulation has happened. What did the chart show surging to make you think this?
LH
Every year the flu vaccine is designed to protect against three different strains of the influenza virus. Why do scientists typically have to make a new vaccine every year?
the virus can mutate into new strains
A patient can have antibodies against many strains of HIV. Which is the main reason that an effective vaccine has not been produced for the HIV virus that causes AIDS?
the virus mutates rapidly, changing its outer coat
The DNA sequence ATGCATGC will pair with which of the following DNA strands?
TACGTACG
You are working on a forensics team and collect cells from a crime scene. The cells have a cell wall made of cellulose. This sample most likely came from
a plant
In DNA molecules,
adenine pairs with thymine
A nutrient is a substance that an organism uses for
all answers are correct
Fever is considered a defense mechanism because it
all answers are correct
Which correctly describes B cells and T cells?
all are correct
In Western countries, up to 10% of the population develops gastric ulcers, many due to Helicobacter pylori. One adaptation this bacteria has is to secrete urease that produces the base ammonia from urea. How would this contribute to Helicobacter pylori causing ulcers?
ammonia would neutralize stomach acids allowing bacteria to grow
Bisphenol A (BPA) is found in many plastics. Female rats injected with BPA daily for their first 10 days of life displayed a decrease in LH levels in their blood. BPA would be considered which kind of molecule?
an endocrine disruptor
The simplest animals with a closed circulatory system are
annelids
Which is an example of active immunity?
antibodies produced from a vaccine, antibodies produced when the flu strikes
A molecule that stimulates an immune-system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(n)
antigen
A decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is called anemia.
true
Colorless urine usually indicates excessive water intake or the ingestion of diuretics.
true
Genital warts are caused by HPV.
true
If an individual has their gallbladder removed, they are typically put on a low-fat diet. Which of the following would explain this recommendation?
bile acids cannot be released following a meal
The four major groups of organic compounds are
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
The most important signal that the brain uses to set the breathing rate is the level of blood
carbon dioxide
The most abundant bulk elements that make up the vast majority of living organisms are
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
If a friend says that they have damage to connective tissue with a matrix of fine collagen fibers, you know that they have an issue with
cartilage
The medulla has receptors that monitor H + concentrations in the blood.
true
The second time that an immune system sees an antigen, a secondary immune reaction will take place.
true
The 2 cm. long structure in the human female that stimulates the female to experience orgasm is the
clitoris
At the snail-shaped ________ of the inner ear, sound is transduced into nerve impulses.
cochlea
The substance that when activated triggers a chain reaction that punctures bacterial cell membranes is
complement protein
Which is an artery that supplies blood to the heart muscle?
coronary artery
The gland that forms from ruptured follicle cells in the ovary and secretes estrogen and progesterone is the
corpus luteum
The primary function of a vaccine is to
create immunological memory without causing disease.
The part of the neuron that is usually highly branched and receives input from other neurons is the
dendrite
Animals that consume decaying organic matter as their main source of food are
detritivore
In mammals, a muscular ________ expands the chest, pulling air into the lungs.
diaphragm
Thalidomide was given to pregnant women from 1957 to 1961 to help relieve the symptoms of morning sickness. Thalidomide binds to and inactivates the protein cereblon, which is important in limb formation. If a woman took thalidomide during the ________ period of her baby's development, it could result in stunted growth of their limbs.
embryonic
If working on a diagram of the human male reproductive system, you would label the tightly coiled tube that receives and stores sperm from one testis as the
epididymis
If you see cytotoxic T cells, you know that a humoral response is underway.
false
The renal vein transports oxygen-rich blood to the kidney.
false
The smooth muscle of the diaphragm expands the lungs and the skeletal muscle of the lungs regulates airflow to the alveoli.
false
One of the main reasons that we exhale a higher percentage of carbon dioxide than we inhale is that
we produce carbon dioxide as a byproduct of aerobic respiration
Which of the following questions cannot be answered by science?
what is the meaning of life?
