Blood

Mr. Smith moved from a low altitude to a high altitude and experienced an increase in RBCs. Which of the following caused this increase?

The lower oxygen concentration seen at higher altitudes

Hemoglobin a) Gives white blood cells their color b) Transports oxygen in the blood. c) Is normally found in both the plasma and erythrocytes. d) Catalyzes the reaction that forms carbonic acid. e) Is only used once then decomposed.

Transports oxygen in the blood.

Erythropoiesis does not require a) iron b) vitamin K c) folate d) All of these are required e) vitamin B12

Vitamin K

Which of the following plasma proteins is most abundant? a) immunoglobulins b) albumin c) fibrinogen d) globulins e) hemoglobin

albumin

A person with an increased eosinophil count might be suffering from a) a head cold. b) a viral infection. c) an allergic reaction. d) a chronic bacterial infection. e) an acute bacterial infection.

an allergic reaction

The main reason why an individual AB, Rh-negative cannot donate blood to an individual A, Rh-positive is because

anti-B antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor

In hemolytic disease of the newborn a) fibrin is hydrolyzed. b) antibodies from the mother cross the placenta and affect the fetus. c) the mother frequently dies during childbirth. d) antibodies from the fetus cross the placenta and affect the mother. e) hemolysis of white blood cells may occur.

antibodies from the mother cross the placenta and affect the fetus

These are the least abundant formed elements a) neutrophils b) platelets c) erythrocytes d) basophils e) eosinophils

basophils

Type AB blood

has both A and B antigens on the red cells

The function of plasmin is to a) promote platelet plug formation. b) promote the formation of plasma. c) control osmotic pressure of the blood. d) hydrolyze fibrin. e) activate factor XII.

hydrolyze fibrin.

Each body function on the left is correctly matched with the corresponding function of the blood on the right EXCEPT: a) respiration - transports oxygen and carbon dioxide b) thermoregulation - allows heat to escape from the body at the skin c) immune function - platelet factors initiate coagulation d) osmotic balance of the blood - plasma proteins contribute to it e) acid-base balance - buffers acids and bases

immune function - platelet factors initiate coagulation

Randolf was suffering from severe hepatitis. His skin appeared to be jaundiced. That color change was due to a) increased globin in his circulatory system b) increased bilirubin in his circulatory system and decreased rate of globin breakdown c) increased globin in his circulatory system d) increased heme in his circulatory system e) increased bilirubin in his circulatory system

increased bilirubin in his circulatory system

An increased erythropoietin (EPO) output by the kidneys would lead to all of the following except a) increased RBC production b) increased blood osmolarity c) increased hypoxemia d) increased hematocrit e) increased blood viscosity

increased hypoxemia

Aspirin inhibits platelet plug formation by a) blocking the binding of platelets to collagen. b) making the platelet surface less sticky. c) blocking the effects of serotonin. d) stimulating the release of heparin. e) interfering with the synthesis of prostaglandins.

interfering with the synthesis of prostaglandins

All these can lead to polycythemia except a) excessive aerobic exercise. b) iron deficiency. c) emphysema. d) cancer of the erythropoietic line of the red bone marrow. e) dehydration

iron deficiency

Heparin a) is a potent anticoagulant b) blocks the action of factor X c) dissolves blood clots. d) promotes coagulation e) is produced by eosinophils

is a potent anticoagulant

Erythropoietin a) is a product of the kidney. b) inhibits the production of erythrocytes. c) is produced in response to increased blood pressure. d) is found both in the plasma and inside red blood cells. e) is produced by the red bone marrow.

is a product of the kidney

Iron a) is the binding site for carbon dioxide on the hemoglobin molecule. b) prevents carbon monoxide from binding to hemoglobin. c) is a plasma coagulation factor. d) interferes with the normal function of hemoglobin. e) is needed to produce hemoglobin.

is needed to produce hemoglobin

The only formed elements that possess a nucleus when mature are the a) erythrocytes b) platelets c) leukocytes d) RBCs e) thrombocytes

leukocytes

Which of the following cell types is incorrectly matched with its description? a) lymphocytes - become macrophages b) monocytes - largest of the WBCs c) eosinophils - parasites d) basophils - release histamine e) neutrophils - most numerous WBCs

lymphocytes - become macrophages

Bilirubin a) is found in white blood cells. b) may be reused in erythropoiesis. c) is formed from the globin groups of hemoglobin. d) is made from bile. e) may build up in the circulation and cause jaundice.

may build up in the circulation and cause jaundice

A deficiency of which of the following stem cells would result in a marked increase in the clotting time of blood? a) lymphoblast b) megakaryoblast c) monoblast d) myeloblast e) proerythroblast

megakaryoblast

Which of the following is an agranulocyte? a) monocyte b) erythrocyte c) eosinophil d) neutrophil e) basophil

monocyte

Macrophages are derived from a) basophils. b) eosinophils c) neutrophils. d) monocytes.

monocytes

The most numerous of the leukocytes is the a) neutrophil. b) basophil. c) eosinophil. d) lymphocyte. e) monocyte.

neutrophil

Differential count of ______________ typically increases in response to bacterial infections a) basophils b) erythrocytes c) neutrophils d) monocytes e) eosinophils

neutrophils

Which of the following phrases is least likely to be used in describing erythrocytes? a) cannot undergo mitosis b) biconcave cells c) cells can change shape d) cytoplasm contains hemoglobin e) nucleus is centrally located

nucleus is centrally located

When large quantities of blood are lost, erythrocytes must be replaced to restore a) thrombin levels. b) the body's ability to fight infection. c) oxygen-carrying capacity. d) normal blood pH. e) iron levels.

oxygen-carrying capacity

For a person whose hematocrit is 45%, in which choice below are the components of blood correctly ranked in order of decreasing percent volume?

plasma, RBCs, WBCs

Hematocrit is ____________ of the total blood volume

37% to 52%

_____________ would not decrease colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in blood a) Hypoproteinemia b) A diet extremely low in protein c) Severe liver failure d) Starvation e) A diet predominantly based on red meat

A diet predominantly based on red meat

Type A blood can safely donate RBCs to _____________ and can receive RBCs of type ___________. O; O AB; O O; AB B; A A; B

AB; O

In the platelet release reaction a) activated platelets are connected by fibrinogen. b) platelets convert to fibrin. c) prostaglandin production is inhibited. d) factor XII is activated. e) ADP and thromboxanes stimulate other platelets to become activated.

ADP and thromboxanes stimulate other platelets to become activated

In the platelet release reaction, a) activated platelets are connected by fibrinogen. b) ADP and thromboxanes stimulate other platelets to become activated. c) factor XII is activated. d) platelets convert to fibrin. e) prostaglandin production is inhibited.

ADP and thromboxanes stimulate other platelets to become activated

Platelets: a) Play a role in preventing blood loss b) Can become sticky when exposed to connective tissue c) Are also known as thrombocytes d) Are actually fragments of cells e) All of these choices are correct

All of these choices are correct

Healing after clot formation involves a) repair of the damaged blood vessel by connective tissue cells. b) clot dissolution. c) serum being squeezed out of the clot. d) clot retraction. e) All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

The antibodies that circulate in the plasma are made by a) monocytes that become macrophages. b) B lymphocytes or plasma cells, which are part of the immune system. c) the liver, which makes all of the plasma proteins. d) the spleen, which uses them to tag red blood cells for destruction. e) the kidney, which monitors plasma composition.

B lymphocytes or plasma cells, which are part of the immune system

_____________ is not found in plasma a) Fibrinogen b) Glucose c) Urea d) Glycogen e) Albumin

Glycogen

___________ is a protein not commonly found in plasma a) Albumin b) Transferrin c) Hemoglobin d) Prothrombin e) Fibrinogen

Hemoglobin

Which of the following would lead to increased erythropoiesis? a) Increased blood pH b) Increased CO2 levels c) Increased erythropoietin levels d) Increased blood pressure e) Increased environmental O2 levels

Increased erythropoietin levels

Which of the following statements regarding leukocytes is TRUE? a) Leukocytes have no nucleus. b) Leukocytes play a role in oxygen transport. c) Leukocytes are the largest of the formed elements. d) Leukocytes are only fragments of cells. e) There is only one kind of leukocyte.

Leukocytes are the largest of the formed elements

In which of the following situations might Rh incompatibility develop? a) Mother is Rh negative; fetus is Rh negative b) Mother is Rh positive; fetus is Rh positive c) Mother is Rh negative; fetus is Rh positive d) Mother is Rh positive; father is Rh positive e) Mother is Rh positive; fetus is Rh negative

Mother is Rh negative; fetus is Rh positive

When a blood vessel is damaged, which of the following events occurs last? a) Platelets begin to stick to each other and form a plug b) von Willebrand factor is produced c) Platelets adhere to collagen d) Collagen is exposed e) Platelets are activated

Platelets begin to stick to each other and form a plug

______________ is more likely to cause anemia than any of the other factors below a) Smoking b) Any factor that creates a state of hypoxemia c) Air pollution other than by carbon monoxide d) High altitude e) Renal insufficiency

Renal insufficiency

When erythrocytes are destroyed, which of the following events occurs? a) Urine output increases. b) Iron is secreted into the bile. c) Heme is transported by transferrin to the liver. d) The globin portion of the molecule is broken down into amino acids. e) Bile is manufactured by the gall bladder

The globin portion of the molecule is broken down into amino acids.

Sickle-cell disease is not

a cause of malaria

The structural framework of the blood clot is formed by a) a fibrin polymer b) a fibrinogen polymer c) a thrombin polymer d) soluble fibrin e) soluble fibrinogen

a fibrin polymer

When the antigens on erythrocytes bind with antibodies in the plasma a) the blood group changes b) agglutination of erythrocytes occurs c) the antibodies dissolve d) hemolysis of leukocytes may occur e) coagulation occurs

agglutination of erythrocytes occurs

When defective erythrocytes are broken down a) their components cannot be recycled. b) they are removed from the blood by the lungs. c) their iron is excreted into the small intestine. d) bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin. e) their heme groups are converted into amino acids.

bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin

Which of the following is (are) associated with decreased hematopoiesis? a) both vitamin B12 deficiency and iron deficiency b) anemia c) iron deficiency anemia d) hemorrhage e) restricted blood flow to the kidney f) vitamin B12 deficiency

both vitamin B12 deficiency and iron deficiency anemia

Myeloid hemopoiesis in adults happens in the a) thymus. b) spleen. c) red bone marrow. d) yellow bone marrow. e) liver.

c) red bone marrow

Fibrinolysis is responsible for a) clot dissolution b) activation of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation c) activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation d) clot consolidation e) clot retraction

clot dissolution

Which of the following is a stage of hemostasis? a) erythropoiesis b) platelet formation c) agglutination d) vascular dilation e) coagulation

coagulation

Which of the following events is one of the three main stages of coagulation? a) conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin b) platelet aggregation c) platelet plug formation d) conversion of thrombin to prothrombin e) calcium is released

conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

All these can cause leukopenia except a) immunosuppressant drugs b) dehydration c) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS d) lead poisoning e) radiation therapy

dehydration

Which of the following functions is associated with the blood? a) electrical stimulation of the heart b) maintenance of DNA content of egg cells c) delivery of oxygen to tissue cells d) transport of neurotransmitters across synapses e) transport of digestive enzymes to the small intestine

delivery of oxygen to tissue cells

The buffy coat does not contain a) lymphocytes. b) granulocytes. c) erythrocytes. d) agranulocytes. e) platelets

erythrocytes

The viscosity of blood is due more to _____________ than to any other factor a) fibrin b) sodium c) erythrocytes d) nitrogenous wastes e) albumin

erythrocytes

Which of the following formed elements do not have chromosomes? a) erythrocytes b) reticulocytes c) erythrocytes d) erythrocytes and reticulocytes e) erythroblasts

erythrocytes and reticulocytes

The condition characterized by overproduction of erythrocytes is called a) hemophilia. b) anemia c) leukemia d) erythrocytosis e) thalassemia

erythrocytosis

The plasma component that forms fibrin, the insoluble protein, in a blood clot is

fibrinogen

The plasma component that forms fibrin, the insoluble protein, in a blood clot is a) fibrinogen b) globulin c) sodium d) fibrinolysis e) albumin

fibrinogen

Stem cells a) are specialized cells. b) give rise to formed elements in the blood. c) are abundant in the plasma. d) are found in yellow bone marrow. e) form branches of trees.

give rise to formed elements in the blood

Which blood component is NOT correctly matched with its function? a) erythrocytes - transport oxygen b) leukocytes - protect against disease c) platelets - phagocytize bacteria d) plasma proteins - maintain blood osmotic pressure; involved in clotting e) monocytes - become macrophage

platelets - phagocytize bacteri

During platelet plug formation a) activated platelets release fibrinogen. b) platelets stick to the exposed collagen fibers of injured vessels. c) platelets multiply. d) thrombin is released from endothelial cells. e) vitamin K production increases.

platelets stick to the exposed collagen fibers of injured vessels

RhoGam injections are given to a) protect the father. b) activate fetal Rh antigens. c) change the mother's blood type. d) prevent sensitization of the mother. e) desensitize the fetus.

prevent sensitization of the mother

Blood does not a) help to regulate body temperature b) produce plasma hormones c) help to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids d) transport a variety of nutrients

produce plasma hormones

A blood clot that forms when a blood vessel is cut is an example of blood functioning in a) protection b) elimination c) maintenance d) communication e) transportation

protection

Functions of plasma proteins include a) serving as a source of energy for metabolism. b) buffering the blood. c) transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide. d) regulation of osmotic pressure. e) body temperature regulation.

regulation of osmotic pressure

Which of the following cell types is an immature red blood cell? a) erythrocyte b) reticulocyte c) thrombocyte d) monocyte e) leukocyte

reticulocyte

Platelets release ____________, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm a) serotonin b) thrombin c) thromboplastin d) heparin e) prostacyclin

serotonin

An increased amount of heparin in the blood might a) slow down the clotting process. b) enhance the clotting process. c) have no effect on the clotting process. d) stop the clotting process. e) speed up the clotting process.

slow down the clotting process

An increase in hemoglobin increases a) the ability of the blood to carry oxygen to various tissues. b) the osmotic pressure of the blood. c) the leukocyte count. d) the quantity of plasma protein available for blood clotting e) the body's immune response

the ability of the blood to carry oxygen to various tissues

When a person is transfused with the wrong blood type a) the white cells clot. b) the erythrocytes agglutinate. c) fibrinogen is activated. d) they bleed to death. e) hemorrhaging occurs.

the erythrocytes agglutinate

Plasma is ____ while formed elements are ____ a) lacking in protein; regulators of blood osmolality b) a blood gas; blood clots c) the cellular portion of blood; acellular components d) mostly protein; the matrix e) the liquid portion of blood; the cells

the liquid portion of blood; the cells

The hematocrit is a) an estimate of blood flow/hour b) the percentage of RBCs in a given volume of blood c) the number of RBCs in the body d) the amount of hemoglobin by weight in the blood e) the number of WBCs per mm3

the percentage of RBCs in a given volume of blood

The hematocrit is a) the amount of hemoglobin by weight in the blood. b) the number of WBCs per mm3. c) an estimate of blood flow/hour. d) the percentage of RBCs in a given volume of blood. e) the number of RBCs in the body.

the percentage of RBCs in a given volume of blood

All of these prevent the spontaneous formation of a clot except a) the presence of tissue thromboplastin b) the presence of antithrombin in plasma c) the presence of heparin in plasma d) the smooth prostacyclin-coated endothelium of blood vessels e) the dilution of thrombin when blood flows at a normal rate

the presence of tissue thromboplastin

Agglutination of red blood cells means a) they form a clot. b) they lose their nucleus. c) they clump together. d) they bump into each other. e) they rupture.

they clump together

A blood clot attached to a blood vessel wall is called a(an) a) anticoagulant. b) prostacylin c) embolus d) thrombus e) hemorrhage

thrombus

Each hemoglobin molecule a) has two iron atoms and two globin chains b) has one heme group c) contains two polypeptide chains d) transports one oxygen molecule e) transports four oxygen molecules

transports four oxygen molecules

A person with type O blood should receive a blood transfusion from a donor with a) type O blood. b) type A or type B blood. c) type AB blood. d) type A blood. e) type B blood.

type O blood