Blood Chapter 17

How many oxygen molecules can be transported by one hemoglobin molecule?

4 Each Fe2+ ion can bind to a single oxygen molecule.

What is the average normal pH range of blood?

7.35-7.45

Which ABO blood type is considered to be the universal recipient?

AB Type AB is considered to be the universal recipient.

Polycythemia

Abnormal excess of erythrocytes resulting in an increase in blood viscosity.

A person who lacks agglutinogen A but has agglutinogen B would have blood type __________.

B Someone with type B blood only has agglutinogen B on their erythrocytes.

Eosinophils

Defense against parasites

Which plasma constituent is the main contributor to clotting?

Fibrinogen comprises 4% of plasma and is an important component in the process of blood clotting.

Choose the statement that is true concerning hemoglobin. It can bind a max. of three oxygen molecules. When hemoglobin is not bound to oxygen, it appears blue. It is found in the plasma portion of the blood. It is composed of four protein chains and four heme groups.

It is composed of four protein and four heme groups.

Which of these represents the majority of whole blood by volume?

Plasma. Plasma typically constitutes 55% of whole blood, although this value can vary somewhat.

Thrombocytopenia

Platelet deficiency resulting in spontaneous bleeding from small blood vessels.

What trigger erythropoietin (EPO) production to make new red blood cells?

Reduced availability of oxygen, which in turn promotes the release of more erythrocytes from the bone marrow

Which of the following represents a difference between extrinsic and intrinsic blood clotting pathways?

The extrinsic pathway is faster than the intrinsic pathway.

During which event of hemostasis do the clotting factors (procoagulants) assist with the transformation of blood from a liquid to a gel?

The gelling of blood due to formation of insoluble fibrin occurs during the coagulation stage.

What is hematocrit?

The percentage of erythrocytes (RBC) in whole blood.

Which of these is true of the materials making up the buffy coat in centrifuged blood?

They are intermediate in density between erythrocytes and plasma.

Which part of the hemoglobin molecule binds carbon dioxide for transport?

amino acids of the globin The heme groups and iron ions are binding points for oxygen, while carbon dioxide binds to and is carried by the globin polypeptides. The combined form is called carbaminohemoglobin.

What part of the body does erythropoietin (EPO) target to increase erythropoiesis?

bone marrow The bone marrow, specifically red marrow, is the site of blood cell production and is stimulated by erythropoietin.

Leukemia

cancer of white blood cells

fibrinogen

clotting

Anemia

condition in which the blood has abnormally low oxygen carrying capacity

Athletes who choose to use industry-produced EPO as a performance-enhancing drug to increase the effects of their naturally-produced EPO, will experience ______.

decreased production of EPO by their kidneys

Which of the following would not lead to a bleeding disorder? vit K deficiency thrombocytopenia excess calcium in the diet impaired liver function

excess calcium in the diet

embolus

free-floating thrombus in the bloodstream

What is the name of the protein found in erythrocytes that transports respiratory gases?

hemoglobin Other than water, hemoglobin makes up almost the entire contents of an erythrocyte. It can bind both oxygen and carbon dioxide

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? distribution regulation hormone production protection

hormone production

Which of the following does NOT stimulate erythrocyte production? erythropoietin testosterone hyperventilating a drop in normal blood oxygen levels

hyperventilating

Gamma globulins (immunoglobulins)

immune response

Lymphocytes

immune response against viral infections

Basophils

inflammation

Loss of fibrinogen within the plasma would most likely cause which of the following? edema (swelling) pallor (pale skin) fever with pain loss of blood clotting

loss of blood clotting

Which type of leukocyte is responsible for antibody production?

lymphocytes B lymphocytes, which mature in the bone marrow and do not require exposure to thymosin in the thymus as T lymphocytes do, produce antibodies

Monocytes

macrophage

On a blood smear slide prepared using Wright's stain, you observe a large cell with a U-shaped nucleus and pale blue cytoplasm. This cell is most likely a(n) __________.

monocyte - Monocytes are large and have a "U" shaped nucleus and pale blue cytoplasm.

From which do the granulocytes descend?

myeloblast All three types of granular leukocytes descend from myelocytes.

Identify the leukocytes in the figure in order.

neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte, monocyte

Which of the following is NOT regulated by the blood?PH level nutrient levels body temp. fluid volume

nutrient levels

albumin

osmotic pressure

Which step in hemostasis involves activation of formed elements in the blood?

platelet plug formation Platelets are formed elements that are activated by damaged tissue. Platelets for a temporary plug preventing blood loss.

In a centrifuged sample of blood, what should NOT be in the plasma portion of the sample? fibrinogen albumin platelets electrolytes

platelets-they are dense enough that they should be in the buffy coat layer.

Suppose that an individual injects himself with erythropoietin in order to raise his level of endurance, an act that is usually illegal in competitive sports. Which of the following could result?

polycythemia Erythropoietin causes an increase in release of erythrocytes, which, unless regulated, can induce polycythemia. EPO increases the hematocrit and the red cell mass and can lead to increased viscosity of the blood and an increased tendency to form clots.

Hemostasis is important for __________.

stoppage of bleeding Hemostasis leads to stoppage of bleeding. The hemostasis response is fast, localized, and controlled. It involves clotting factors and substances released by damaged tissue and platelets.

What factor stimulates platelet formation?

thrombopoietin

alpha globulin

transport of metal ions & fat-soluble vitamins