Blood Exam

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect

All of the answers are correct

Which of the following is a function of the blood?

All of the answers are correct.

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced

Anemia

Which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure of plasma?

albumin

Platelets function in all of the following except

dissolving a formed clot

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood, and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume

55; 92

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood, and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.

55; 92

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the

All of the answers are correct

An example of a heritable blood disorder is

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Hematology can detect

All of the answers are correct

The function of hemoglobin is to

All of the answers are correct

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from

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________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Coagulation

Which of the following statements about blood is false?

Normal pH is 6.8 to 7.0

Overall, the most common blood type is

O

The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of mature erythrocytes

RBC count

The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of mature erythrocytes.

RBC count

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?

Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter

________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.

Reticulocytes

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

albumins

Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if

an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus

After donating 0.5 liter of blood, one would expect

an increased reticulocyte count

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood?

antibodies

A person with Type A blood has

antigen A on the RBCs and anti-B antibodies in the plasma

Hormones called ________ are involved in regulation of white blood cell populations

colony-stimulating factor

Hormones called ________ are involved in regulation of white blood cell populations.

colony-stimulating factor

Platelets are

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells

Which of these descriptions best matches the term lymphocytes?

defend against specific pathogens or toxins

The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of each of the various types of white blood cells

differential count

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except

during periods of fasting

White blood cells that are increased in individuals with allergic reactions are the

eosinophils

The process of red blood cell production is called

erythropoiesis

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

erythropoietin

Erythropoiesis is stimulated by a kidney-derived hormone called

erythropoietin (EPO)

Rouleaux refers to the ability of RBCs to

form stacks

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance

Each hemoglobin molecule contains

four iron atoms

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

heme molecules lacking iron

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

hemoglobin

Which of the following proteins functions to store or transport oxygen?

hemoglobin

________ transport(s) oxygen and CO2 in the RBCs

hemoglobin molecules

Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that

her hemoglobin level is normal

Platelet factor (PF-3) is a factor in the ________ pathway

intrinsic

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

iron

RBCs typically live about 120 days. The main reason for this short lifespan in RBCs is their

lack of nucleus

Which of the following is false concerning neutrophils?

less abundant than lymphocytes

A cancer of the white blood cells is called

leukemia

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

megakaryocytes

If bile ducts are blocked

more bilirubin appears in the plasma, and bilirubin appears in the skin and eyes

All of the following blood disorders are due to specific issues with RBCs except

myeloid leukemia

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

neutrophils

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

neutrophils

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term eosinophils?

often elevated in allergic individuals

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

oxygen levels in the blood decrease and blood flow to the kidney declines.

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

plasmin

Which of the following is not a component of plasma

platelets

An elevated hematocrit value is termed

polycythemia

A person's blood type is determined largely by the

presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane

The chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of

proteins

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

recycled to the red bone marrow

All the circulating red blood cells originate in the

red bone marrow

Granulocytes form in

red bone marrow

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in

red bone marrow

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is

red bone marrow

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the

release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium

Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood?

reticulocytes

When blood is fractionated, its components are ________ for the purpose of analysis

separated

A condition where pathogens are present and multiplying in the blood is called

septicemia

The normal pH of blood is

slightly alkaline

All of the following blood diseases are caused by pathogens except

thalassemia

The process of white blood cell production goes on in all of the following except

the kidney

Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by

the liver

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

the liver

Sensitization during hemolytic disease of the newborn refers to

the mother's immune system producing antibodies against the fetus' RBCs

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

their blood cells lack A and B antigens

If the blood types of a donor and recipient are compatible, then

there is no reaction between antibodies and antigens

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except

viscosity about the same as water

The most abundant component of plasma is

water

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

whole blood

You are caring for a female adult patient who weighs 40 kg (90 lbs). Assuming no loss of blood, what would her approximate blood volume be?

3.8 L

The average lifespan of a red blood cell is

4 months

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

45 percent

The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters

5 to 6

The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters.

5 to 6

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells

Monocytes

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.

Monocytes

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from

a superficial vein

Which of the following is false concerning monocytes?

about same size as basophils

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the

activation of proenzymes exposed to collagen

Which of these descriptions best matches the term platelets?

adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

immunoglobulins

All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are

important in coagulation

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in

increased erythropoiesis

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

injections of vitamin B12