BLS Resuscitation

List the 5 components of the AHA's chain of survival

1. Recognition and Activation of Emergency Response System 2. Immediate, high quality CPR 3. Rapid defibrillation 4. Basic and advanced emergency medical services 5. Advanced life support and post-arrest care

List and describe the method for "switching positions" during two-rescuer adult CPR

1. Rescuer one should finish the cycle of 30 compressions while a second rescuer moves to the opposite side of the chest and moves into position to begin compressions. 2. Rescuer one delivers two ventilations and then rescuer two should take over compressing by administering 30 compressions

You should suspect an airway obstruction fin the unresponsive patient if: A. the patient is breathing B. you feel resistance when blowing into the patient's lungs C. there is no pulse D. you have adequate chest rise with each ventilation

B. you feel resistance when blowing into the patient's lungs

The rate of compressions for an infant is ___________ compressions per minute A. 70 to 80 B. 80 to 100 C. 100 to 120 D. 120 to 150

C. 100 to 120

The ratio of compression to ventilation for infants and children is _______________ when performing two-rescuer CPR A. 1:5 B. 5:1 C. 15:2 D. 2:15

C. 15:2

Once you begin CPR in the field, you must continue until: A. the fire department arrives B. the funeral home arrives C. a person of equal or higher training relieves you D. law enforcement arrives and assumes responsibility

C. a person of equal or higher training relieves you

Signs of irreversible or biologic death include clinical death along with: A. bleeding B. dependent edema C. decapitation D. pale skin

C. decapitation

Providing fast, aggressive ventilations could result in: A. excessive bleeding B. rupture of the bronchial tree C. gastric distention D. damage to the oral pharynx

C. gastric distention

Sudden airway obstruction is usually easy to recognize in someone who is eating or has just finished eating because they suddenly: A. are able to speak directly B. turn pink C. make exaggerated efforts to breathe D. start screaming

C. make exaggerated efforts to breathe

For a patient with a mild airway obstruction, you should: A. begin chest compressions B. attempt a finger sweep to remove the foreign body C. not interfere with the patient's attempt to expel the foreign body D. immediately perform abdominal thrusts

C. not interfere with the patient's attempt to expel the foreign body

Abdominal-thrust maneuver

method of dislodging food or other material from the throat of a conscious choking victim

Basic Life Support (BLS)

noninvasive emergency lifesaving care used to treat airway obstructions, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest

head tilt-chin lift maneuver

opening the airway in a patient who has not sustained trauma to the cervical spine

jaw-thrust maneuver

opening the airway without causing manipulation to the cervical spine

Advanced Life Support (ALS)

procedures such as cardiac monitoring, intravenous medications, and advanced airway adjuncts

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

steps used to establish artificial ventilation and circulation in a patient who is not breathing and has no pulse

Gastric distention

stomach becoming filled with air

recovery position

used to maintain an open airway in an adequately breathing patient with a decreased level of consciousness

impedance threshold device

valve device that helps to draw more blood back to the heart during chest compressions

List 5 respiratory problems leading to cardiac arrest in children

- injury, both blunt and penetrating - foreign body in airway - submersion (drowning) - SIDS - infections of respiratory tract or another organ system (croup, epiglottis)

Describe how to perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver

-Place one hand on the pt's forehead and apply firm backward pressure with your palm to tilt the head back -Place the tips of the index and middle fingers of your other hand under the lower jaw near bony part of the chin -Lift chin upward, bringing entire lower jaw with it

Describe how to perform the jaw-thrust maneuver

-maintain head in neutral alignment and place fingers behind angles of the lower jaw, and move jaw upward

List the 4 obvious signs of death, in addition to absence of pulse and breathing, that are used as a general rule against starting CPR

-rigor mortis -dependent lividity -put refraction (decomp. of body tissues) -evidence of non-survivable injury (decapitation, dismemberment, or being burned beyond recognition)

Describe the process for removing a foreign body airway obstruction in a responsive pt

1.Hold the infant face down, with the body resting on your forearm. Support the infant's jaw and face with your hand and keep the head lower than the body 2. Deliver 5 back slaps between the shoulder blades, using the heel of your hand 3.Place your free hand behind the infant's head/back and turn the infant face up 4.Give 5 quick chest thrusts on the sternum using 2 fingers 5. Check the airway. If the object is visible, then remove it

Describe the process of abdominal thrusts for a standing patient with a foreign body airway obstruction

1.Standing: stand behind the patient and wrap your arms around his or her abdomen. 2.Make a fist with one hand, then grasp the fist with the other hand. 3.Place the thumb side of the fist against the pt's abdomen between the umbilicus and the xiphoid process. 4.Press your fist into the pt's abdomen in quick inward and upward thrusts until the object is expelled or the pt becomes unconscious

Describe the process of chest compressions during one-rescuer adult CPR

1.Take standard precautions. Once you have determined that the pt is unresponsive, call for additional help 2.Ensure that the pt is on a firm, flat surface in a supine position. Place your hands in the proper position 3.Give 30 compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute for an adult. 4.Using a rhythmic position, apply pressure vertically from your shoulders down through both arms to depress the sternum 2 inches-2.4 inches in an adult, then rise up gently and fully 5. Count the compressions aloud

BLS is noninvasive emergency lifesaving care that is used to treat: A. airway obstruction B. chest pain C. respiratory distress D. hypovolemia

A. airway obstruction

Causes of respiratory arrest in infants and children include: A. aspiration of foreign bodies B. vomiting C. poor feeding D. COPD

A. aspiration of foreign bodies

In the adult, the proper hand placement for chest compressions is accomplished by placing the heel of one hand: A. on the lower half of the sternum B. near the clavicles C. over the xiphoid process D. between the nipples

A. on the lower half of the sternum

If you encounter a pregnant pt in cardiac arrest, your priorities are to provide high-quality CPR and: A. relieve pressure off the aorta and vena cava B. rapid transport for emergency caesarian section C. intermittent abdominal thrusts D. increase pressure on the aorta and vena cava

A. relieve pressure off the aorta and vena cava

In addition to checking LOC, it is also important to protect the _____________ from further injury while assessing the patient and performing CPR A. spinal cord B. ribs C. internal organs D. facial structures

A. spinal cord

________________ position helps to maintain a clear airway in a patient with a decreased LOC who has not had traumatic injuries and is breathing on his or her own A. the recovery B. the lithotomy C. Trendelenburg's D. Fowler's

A. the recovery

When checking for a pulse in an infant, you should palpate the ________ artery A. radial B. brachial C. carotid D. femoral

B. brachial

In a conscious infant who is choking, you would first give five back slaps, followed by: A. attempting to breathe B. five chest thrusts C. checking a pulse D. five abdominal thrusts

B. five chest thrusts

To perform a ___________, place your fingers behind the angles of the patient's lower jaw and then move the jaw forward A. head tilt-chin maneuver B. jaw-thrust maneuver C. tongue-jaw lift maneuver D. head-jaw tilt maneuver

B. jaw-thrust maneuver

All of the following are considered advanced lifesaving procedures EXCEPT: A. cardiac monitoring B. mouth-to-mouth C. administration of intravenous (IV) fluids and medications D. use of advanced airway adjuncts

B. mouth-to-mouth

A ________________is an opening that connects the trachea directly to the skin A. tracheostomy B. stoma C. laryngectomy D. colostomy

B. stoma

After ____________ without oxygen, brain damage is very likely A. 1 minute B. 3 minutes C. 4 minutes D. 6 minutes

D. 6 minutes

In the adult, cardiac arrest is determined by the absence of the pulse at the ___________artery A. femoral B. radial C. ulnar D. carotid

D. carotid

You should use ____________ for women in advanced stages of pregnancy who are conscious and suffering from a foreign body airway obstruction A. the blind finger sweep B. back slaps C. the abdominal-thrust maneuver D. chest thrusts

D. chest thrusts

Which of the following is NOT a common complication from performing chest compressions? A. fractured ribs B. lacerated liver C. fractured sternum D. lacerated pancreas

D. lacerated pancreas

In most cases, cardiac arrest in children younger than 9 years results from: A. choking B. aspiration C. congenital heart disease D. respiratory arrest

D. respiratory arrest

Describe the process for chest thrusts on a standing and a supine pt

Standing 1.stand behind the pt and wrap your arms under the armpits and around the pt's chest 2. Make a fist with one hand, then grasp the fist with the other hand 3.Place the thumb side of the fist against the pt's sternum 4.Press your fist into the pt's chest and perform backward thrusts until the object is expelled or the pt becomes unconscious Supine 1. Kneel next to the pt. Place your hands as you would to deliver chest compressions 2. Deliver 30 chest compressions, open the airway, and look in the mouth 3. Place the thumb side of the fist against the pt's sternum 4.Press your fist into the pt's chest and perform backward thrusts until the object is expelled or the pt becomes unconscious

Mechanical piston device

depresses the sternum via a plunger mounted on a backboard