BLS

What are the components of a pulse check in an unresponsive victim?

-use 2-3 fingers to locate the pulse -Assess for a pulse for at least 5, but no more than 10 seconds -feel the pulse in the groove to the side of the trachea

What are the correct actions to take for scene safety and assessment?

-verify scene safety -check for responsiveness -activate emergency response system & get an AED -look for no breathing and only gasping & check pulse

Children & infants rescue breathing

1 breath every 2-3 seconds or 20-30 breaths/min

A child is not breathing but has a pulse. How do you deliver rescue breaths?

1 breath every 2-3 seconds, or about 20-30 breaths per minute

You find a patient not breathing normally but has a pulse. The patient needs rescue breaths. What's the correct ventilation rate?

1 breath every 6 seconds, or about 10 breaths per minute

How are breaths delivered using a bag mask device?

1 breath over 1 second, while watching for chest rise

Recommended compression depth for infants

Approximately 1.5 inches or 4cm

Recommended compression depth for 1 y.o. to puberty

Approximately 2 inches or 5 cm

Compression:ventilation ratio for infants

30:2 with one rescuer 15:2 with two rescuers

When using a pocket mask, where should the rescuer be positioned?

At the side of the victim

After 4 min of rescue breathing, no pulse is present during a pulse check. What immediate actions should be taken?

Immediately begin CPR and turn on the AED

Two life-threatening arrhythmias that can cause cardiac arrest are pulseless ventricular tachycardia and ___________________________

Ventricular fibrillation

You tap and shout to check for responsiveness, but the patient does not respond. What is your next step after calling for help?

check for breathing and a pulse

What are examples of effective team dynamics?

clear roles and responsibilities, constructive intervention, knowledge sharing, debriefing

To avoid fatigue, when should team roles alternate providing compressions?

every 5 cycles or 2 minutes

When performing chest compressions for an infant, you can use 2 thumbs or put 2 ________________ in the center of the chest, just below the _______________ line.

fingers, nipple

For an unresponsive person, with a pulse, but abnormal breathing....

give 1 rescue breath every 6 s (for adults) and 1 every 2-3 seconds (for children and infants)

How do you open the airway for breaths if a single rescuer is present?

head tilt - chin lift

how can you achieve a high chest compression fraction?

minimize pauses in chest compressions

A bag mask device is used to provide ______________________________ to a victim who is not breathing or not breathing normally.

positive pressure ventilation

Pediatric Chain of survival

prevention, activation of emergency response, high quality CPR, advanced resuscitation, post-cardiac arrest care, recovery

When should the rescuer operating the AED clear the victim?

During analysis and before shock delivery

What is the preferred method for pulse check in an infant?

Place 2 or 3 fingers on the inside of the upper arm, mid way b/w the infant's elbow and shoulder

After an AED delivers a shock, what should the rescuers do next?

Resume CPR, starting with chest compressions

When performing chest compressions for an infant in a 2-rescuer situation, you should put 2 ______________ in the center of the chest, on the lower half of the breastbone.

Thumbs

Why is an AED needed?

To analyze heart rhythm and provide a shock

When providing rescue breaths to an adult victim, you should give ___ breath, every ____ seconds

1, 6

What is the correct order of steps in the Out of hospital chain of survival for adults?

1. Activation of Emergency Response 2. High-quality CPR 3. Defibrillation 4. Advanced Resuscitation 5. Post-Cardiac Arrest Care 6. Recovery

After positioning yourself directly above the victim's head, what is the correct order of steps for using a bag mask device?

1. Place the mask on the victim's face, using the bridge of the nose as a guide for the correct position 2. Use the E-C clamp technique to hold the mask in place while you lift the jaw to hold the airway open 3. Squeeze the bag to give breaths (1 second each) while watching for chest rise

Assessing breathing & pulse before beginning CPR should take no more than ____ seconds.

10

During CPR on a child, interruptions to chest compressions should be limited to no more than _____ seconds

10

Target rate for chest compressions in children

100-120/min

What is the correct chest compression rate for adults?

100-120/minute

Which of the following are resuscitation triangle roles in a high performance team?

AED/monitor/defibrilator, Compressor, Airway

You and your colleague respond to an adult victim who is unresponsive. After assessing that the victim is not breathing and has no pulse, what do you instruct your colleague to do?

Activate the emergency response system and get the AED

What does a chest compression feedback device monitor?

Chest recoil, compression rate and compression depth

As you are providing CPR, your colleague arrives, turns on the AED, and follows the prompts. The AED analyses the rhythm and does not advise a shock. After you immediately resume CPR, how do you continue treating the patient?

Continue CPR until prompted by the AED to allow a rhythm check, the ALS team arrives, or the patient starts to move

What is a sign of severe airway obstruction?

Inability to speak, silent cough, inability to breathe, cyanosis, universal choking sign

While performing high quality CPR, when do pauses in compressions typically occur?

Intubation, rhythm analysis, defibrillation, pulse checks, compressor switches

You witnessed the collapse of a child, are the only rescuer and do not have a mobile phone. After confirming no breathing and no pulse, what do you do?

Leave the victim to activate the emergency response system and get the AED

Where should AED pads be placed in the anteroposterior placement for adults and children 8 years and older?

Left side of the back and left side of the chest

During CPR on a child, you should place one or two hands over the ________________________ of the ______________________.

Lower half, breast bone (sternum)

How is CPR performed differently when an advanced airway is placed?

No pauses for ventilations. Compressions are continuous 100-120/min. For adults: 1 breath every 6s For children and infants: 1 breath every 2-3s