bme 3
The HbA1c test is named after: - The page in the inventor's notebook, where it was first documented. - It's invented. - The university where it was discovered, translated from Persian. - A line of hemoglobin observed on a gel.
- A line of hemoglobin observed on a gel.
An insulin molecule in circulating in your bloodstream consists of: - 4 chains of amino acids linked together by disulfide bonds - 3 chains of amino acids linked together by disulfide bonds - 2 chains of amino acids linked together by disulfide bonds - A single chain of amino acids
2 chains of amino acids linked together by disulfide bonds
The University of Toronto licensed a patent on the production of insulin to Eli Lilly. The agreement allowed Eli Lilly to manufacture and sell insulin. In return, Eli Lilly would give the University of Toronto... - $100,000 - $1 million dollars - Rights to other unrelated patents - 5% of Eli Lilly's net sales from the insulin
5% of Eli Lilly's net sales from the insulin.
Off label prescribing is when: - A patient is prescribed a drug by a physician over the internet. - A physician prescribes a drug to treat a condition that was approved by the FDA. - A physician prescribes a drug to treat a condition that was NOT approved by the FDA. - A physician directly hands the drug to a patient, bypassing the pharmacy.
A physician prescribes a drug to treat a condition that was NOT approved by the FDA.
If a patient with diabetes was seeing Dr. Elliot Joslin during the 1950's, which is more likely to characterize the patient's treatment plan: - Regular fundus photography to measure changes in vision - A strict diet and multiple injections of insulin each day - Annual test to measure neuropathy - An emphasis on the patient's happiness and convenience and a single injection of insulin each day.
A strict diet and multiple injections of insulin each day.
When Professor Katrine Whiteson was 11 years old, she learned how to control her diabetes by herself by going to: - an Alaskan cruise - a summer camp - Denmark - UCSF hospital
A summer camp
The self-orienting millimeter scale applicator (SOMA) is a device that might allow oral delivery of insulin, or an insulin pill. The shape of the SOMA is based on the shape of which animal: - A turtle - A spider - A bee - A rabbit
A turtle
Axel Ullrich was the first person to insert the human insulin gene into a bacteria, or clone the insulin gene. He obtained the human insulin gene that he cloned from: - A man's liver tumor that had been surgically removed - The pancreas of a cow that had surgically removed - A purified insulin sample derived from his own blood - A woman's insulinoma tumor that was surgically removed
A woman's insulinoma tumor that was surgically removed
Severe symptoms of hypoglycemia could be confused with: - Botulism - Anemia - Pellagra - Alcoholic intoxication
Alcoholic intoxication
Diabetes (type 1) is caused by: - A vitamin deficiency - An autoimmune reaction - Poor diet - Stem cells
An autoimmune reaction
A complete lack of vitamin A in a person's diet can lead to: - Amputation - Deafness - Blindness - Dementia
Blindness
In 1920, the company Eli Lilly was known for manufacturing? - Blood glucose meters - Airplanes - Capsules for drugs - Automobiles
Capsules for drugs
Afrezza and Exubera are 2 different insulin delivery systems. These 2 systems both: - Are types of continuous blood glucose monitors - Deliver insulin through the lungs. - Are types of insulin pumps. - Are types of insulin pens.
Deliver insulin through the lungs.
X-ray crystallography can be used to: - Determine the amino acid sequence of a protein - Determine the three dimensional structure of a protein - Determine the structure of a rotating anode X-ray generator - Determine the nucleic acid sequence of a protein
Determine the three dimensional structure of a protein
The birth control drug Nexplanon is implanted under the skin. Nexaplanon is an example of ____ applied to birth control. - Alcohol purification - X-ray crystallography - Isoelectric purification - Drug delivery
Drug delivery
An IACUC (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee) is the committee that decides whether to provide funding for scientists' experiments. - True - False
False
Insulin from humans and cows are exactly alike. - True - False
False
The drug propanolol has been approved by the FDA for use in treating anxiety. - True - False
False
Around 1920, the amount of glucose in blood could be measured by an electronic meter. - True - False
False.
Blood tests are only for measuring the number of red blood cells a person has. - True - False
False.
The loose control approach to managing a patient's diabetes can be characterized by the following: - Managing glucose levels through a strict diet - A strict diet and multiple injections of insulin each day - Freedom to eat whatever they choose and a single dose of insulin per day - Ignoring diet and focusing on exercise to manage glucose levels
Freedom to eat whatever they choose and a single dose of insulin per day
George Walden was the engineer at the Eli Lilly in charge of insulin production and purification. George Walden's major contribution was that: - He invented a blood glucose meter. - He optimized Collip's method of alcohol purification. - He optimized Fred Banting's surgical procedure. - He invented isoelectric precipitation.
He invented isoelectric precipitation.
The Ames Reflective Meter was one of the first: - Home based pH meter - Home based blood glucose meters - Home based insulin meter - Home based protein meter
Home based blood glucose meters.
The pancreas is located where? - In the middle of the abdomen - On the left lower quadrant of the abdomen - On the right lower quadrant of the abdomen - Under the arm
In the middle of the abdomen.
In 1969, Organon applied for a patent on a pregnancy test that could be performed at home. The inventor(s) on the patent were: - 3 male engineers - Margaret Crane & 2 male engineers - Just Margaret Crane - Margaret Crane, another women & a male engineer
Just Margaret Crane
Congress passed the Animal Welfare Act of 1966 after an uproar caused by the publication of an article about dog dealers in which magazine? - Time - Life - Sports Illustrated - Reader's Digest
Life
James Collip needed an assay for the activity of insulin in order to develop a purification method. His assay for insulin activity was based upon: - Directly measured the amount of insulin using an electric meter. - Measuring the change in blood sugar levels in humans. - Measuring the change in blood sugar levels in dogs. - Measuring the change in blood sugar levels in rabbits.
Measuring the change in blood sugar levels in rabbits.
One conclusion from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial was that tight control: - Minimized long term complications - Minimized long term survival rates - Maximized long term complications - Maximized long term survival rates
Minimized long term complications
A continuous glucose monitor measures blood glucose approximately once every: - Week - Month - Day - Minute
Minute
NPH insulin is a modified form of insulin. The modification results in a longer acting activity. The modification is done by: - Mixing insulin with a protein called protamine - Chemically modifying the amino acids in the protein - Adding new disulfide bonds between the insulin chains - Breaking up the disulfide bonds that bind the insulin chains together
Mixing insulin with a protein called protamine
In 1889, Oscar Minkowski removed an organ from a dog. The dog subsequently developed symptoms similar to diabetes patients. What was the organ? - Liver - Kidney - Appendix - Pancreas
Pancreas
From the 1920s through the 1960s, insulin used by patients with diabetes came from which sources: - Pigs, cows, and chickens - Pigs and chicken - Pigs and cows - Chickens and ducks
Pigs and cows
Fred Banting developed his idea on how to treat diabetes while he was: - Working as a surgeon in the Canadian Army during the first world war - In medical school at the University of Toronto - Preparing a lecture for medical students - In basic training for the Canadian Army
Preparing a lecture for medical students.
Neuropathy in patients with diabetes is caused by: - Prolonged low blood glucose levels - Prolonged high blood glucose levels - Damaged capillaries - Improperly administering insulin
Prolonged high blood glucose levels.
One of the inventors of the HbA1c test developed the test after a clinical trial involving this disease was suddenly stopped: - Hemophilia - Leukemia - Sickle cell - Diabetes
Sickle cell
The label of a prescription drug: - Can convey different emotions to the patient through the use of different fonts & colors. - Identifies the brand of the drug, communicating desirability to the consumer through graphic design. - Defines the brand of the drug, and works as a psychological trigger to entice patients to purchase the drug. - Summarizes all the scientific information known about the drug.
Summarizes all the scientific information known about the drug.
In 1921, the best way to measure glucose in blood was based on: - Tasting a mixture of picric acid & blood sample. - Alcohol precipitation - The final color of a mixture of blood and some reagents. - An electronic measurement.
The final color of a mixture of blood and some reagents.
Afrezza and Exubera are two different insulin delivery systems. The most notable difference between the two is: - The Afrezza glucose meter requires paper strips, while the Exubera glucose meter does not. - The inhaler for Exubera is much larger than the inhaler for Afrezza. - The Exubera pump runs on rechargeable batteries, while the Afrezza pumps run on solar power. - The Afrezza pen is pocket sized, while the Exubera pen requires a special case.
The inhaler for Exubera is much larger than the inhaler for Afrezza.
When recombinant DNA technology was developed in the 1970's, a group of prominent scientists proposed a national ban on it, until: - The techniques were taught to more people - The costs became more affordable - The patent situation was decided - The risks were better understood
The risks were better understood
James Collip, at the University of Toronto, developed a method to isolate insulin based upon: - The solubility of insulin in alcohol/water mixtures. - The solubility of insulin as a function of temperature. - The solubility of insulin in milk. - The solubility of insulin in as a function of pH.
The solubility of insulin in alcohol/water mixtures.
Several insulin analogs, like Lispro, Aspar, and Glulisine, are produced by Eli Lilly. These insulin analogs differ from normal human insulin by: - They are safer and can be produced outside of a P4 facility, which human insulin requires - They are more concentrated, requiring fewer injections - They act quicker or slower after injection - They are easier to produce in a factory, resulting in more profit for Eli Lilly.
They act quicker or slower after injection
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial tested whether this method of treating diabetes was better than what patients had been doing: - Tight control of glucose - Daily injection of insulin - Lose control of glucose levels - Weekly injection of insulin
Tight control of glucose
An IACUC (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee) must have at least 5 members. 1 of these members must be a veterinarian. - True - False
True
Insulin that is secreted into your blood contains 2 chains: the A chain & the B chain. - True - False
True
Fred Banting performed his experiments on dogs at: - University of Toronto - Harvard University - University of Western Ontario - UCLA
University of Toronto.