BMS module 2

The study of the essential nature of disease is:

Pathology

The correct interpretation of diagnostic tests requires consideration of:

Patient complience, ethnicity, reference ranges, and patient medical history

Age, recreational drug use, and infections are examples of:

Patient risk factors

Which of the following must be known in order to determine the predictive value of a positive test, that is, the percentage of individuals who tested positive and are diseased?

True positives and false positives

When a diagnostic test is very accurate at ruling out cases of disease, (ie - the disease is not present), the test has

high negative predictive value

The best type of test to use when confirming a diagnosis is:

highly specific

Diagnostic tests that are performed on specimens taken from the patient (vs performed on the patient's body) are known as:

in vitro tests

If positive tests are followed by treatment and the positive predictive value of a test is 80%, how many patients will receive uneccesary treatment if 100 people test positive?

20

The following is (are) true regarding a test that produces few false positive results: 1) It is useful for confirmatory testing 2) It has a high positive predictive value 3) Is non specific 4) A and B 5) All of the above

4

The following is (are) true regarding reference ranges (normal values): 1) they can vary for the same test depending on test method 2) age is not a factor 3) they represent what the "average' results will be 4) A and C

4

When the number of true positive tests is 25 and the number of false positive tests is 15, the number used to describe the total positive tests is:

40

The percentage of objective medical data provided by diagnostic tests is approximately:

70%

If the positive predictive value of a test is 90%, how many tests in 100 positive will be true positives?

90

Which is true if a test has a high negative predictive value?

A negative test rules out disease

Factors that affect reference ranges (normal values) include: The location of testing The method used for analysis The types of patients being tested All of the above

All of the above

Tests on blood, urine, or body fluids are best classified as:

Biochemical studies

Using diagnostic data to decide between disease states that appear to be similar is known as:

Differential diagnosis

Acute and chronic are terms related to:

Disease pathogenesis

Abnormal test results always correlate with illness or disease.

False

Although diagnostic tests are important, the most significant information provided in making an accurate diagnosis are the patient reported observations

False

Because diagnostic tests provide objective results, it is not necessary to consider the patient's social and emotional state during testing.

False

In actual clinical practice, postive diagnostic always tests represent actual disease

False

The most common reason for errors in diagnostic testing is failure to follow technical procedures.

False

The objective measurements concerning a patient's condition are known as patient symptoms.

False

A diagnostic test that is positive, even if no disease is present is a:

False positive

When the prevalence of a disease in a community is high, the predictive value of positive tests is:

Higher

The maintenance of relatively stable internal physiological conditions is:

Homeostasis

The most important factor in making an accurate diagnosis is:

Interpretation of diagnostic data

The first step in determining a diagnosis should be:

Interviewing the patient or person responsible for the patient

The proportion of those with a negative test result who do not have disease is:

Negative predictive vaue

The proportion of those with a positive test result who actually have disease is:

Positive predictive value

Interviewing a patient regarding the personal and family medical history falls into the category of:

Pre-test interventions

Patient preparation and patient history are examples of:

Pretest phase of the diagnostic testing model

The number of cases of disease, in a specific population, at a specific time is:

Prevalence (incidence?)

Tests that detect disease in an asymptomatic population are:

Screening tests

A diagnostic test that almost never exhibits false negative results is likely to be highly:

Sensitive

The use of personal protective equipment to prevent transmission of blood borne pathogens is known as:

Standard precautions

The following is NOT true regarding screening tests.

Such tests are not useful when individuals have risk factors

Which of the following is most important in making a diagnosis

Synthesis and interpretation

True positives/(true positives + false negatives) is the formula for:

Test sensitivity

The ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who do not have a disease is:

Test specificity

Which of the following is true regarding screening tests?

They should be used to screen for common and treatable diseases

Normal ranges for diagnostic tests can vary from lab to lab

True

The location of your house could be a risk factor in the development of disease

True

The practice of "blanket" test ordering is generally considered to be an ineffective method of determining diagnosis.

True

The range of normal for many diagnostic tests can be dependent on gender and age

True

The subjective opbservations by patient regarding their condition are known as symptoms.

True

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor.

eye color

The term that represents the incidence of disease in a community is:

morbidity