Brave New World Chapter 1-6

What is the average production rate of Podsnap Technique?

11,000 brothers and sisters in 150 batches of identical twins

After a game of obstacle golf, Henry and Lenina fly in a helicopter over a creamtorium

: where phosphorous is collected from burning bodies of fertilizer.

What is the year the novel takes place

A.F 632

Where does the director lead the students in chapter 2?

He leads them to the nurseries. Posted on a notice board are the phrases, " Infant Nurseries. Neo Pavolian Conditioning Rooms"

Who tells the attentive students that the record for this factory is over 16000 sibilings?

Henry Foster

what is the advantage of having identical people?

a "major instrument of social stability."

Fetuses destined to work in the tropical climate are heat conditioned

as embryos; during childhood, they undergo further conditioning to produce adults that are emotionally and physically suited suited to hot climates. The artificial process, says the Director , aims to make individuals accept and even like their " inescapable social destiny"

What is Podsnap Technique?

it speeds up the ripening process of eggs with a single ovary. With this method, hundreds of related individuals can be produced from the ova and sperm of the same man and woman within 2 years.

The lower castes are conditioned to hate what?

the countryside, but to love country sports. All country sports in the World State require to use elaborate apparatus. As a result, the lower castes now pay for both transportation and manufactured goods when they travel to the country for sporting events.

What are the workers wearing inside the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Center?

white overalls & gloves

The Director of Hatcheries and Conditioning starts off giving the students a tour with the

"Fertilizing Room", the director shows the students the incubators " the weeks supply of ova and male gametes. It seems that eggs are taken surgically from women, the duds throw out, and the good ones fertilized in a warm sperm bath.

The Director and Foster explain the process of the plant to the students.

After fertilization; the embryos travel on a conveyor belt in their bottles for 267 days, the gestation time period for a human fetus. On the last day they are decanted or born. The entire process is designed to mimic the conditions within a human womb, including shaking every few meters to familiarize the fetuses with movement.

The scene shifts to a public bathroom and showering room, where Lenina is chatting with Fanny Crowne.

At age nineteen, Fanny is starting to take a temporary Pregnancy Substitute because she feels "out of sorts." The Pregnancy Substitute mimics the hormonal effects of pregnancy. Fanny expresses surprise that Lenina is still dating Henry exclusively after four months. She advises Lenina to be more promiscuous, as a virtuous member of World State should. Lenina mentions that Bernard Marx, an Alpha Plus hypnopaedia specialist, invited her to the Savage Reservation. Fanny warns that Bernard has a bad reputation for spending time alone and is smaller and less confident than other Alphas. Fanny mentions the rumors that someone might have accidentally injected alcohol into his blood surrogate when he was in the bottle. Lenina decides to accept Bernard's invitation because she thinks Bernard is sweet and wants to see the Reservation. Fanny admires Lenina's Malthusian belt, a contraceptive holder that was a gift from Henry.

When Lenina tells Bernard in front of a big group of coworkers that she accepts his invitation to see the Savage Reservation,

Bernard reacts with embarrassment. His suggestion that they discuss it privately confuses Lenina. She saunters off to meet Henry. Bernard feels terrible because Lenina behaved like a "healthy and virtuous English girl"—that is, someone unafraid of discussing her sexual life in public. When the genial Benito Hoover strikes up a conversation, Bernard rushes away. Lenina and Henry fly off on their date in Henry's helicopter, and look down upon their world in perfect contentment.

Mond describes the initial resistance to the World State's use of hypnopaedia, the caste system, and artificial gestation.

But after the Nine Years' War, which involved horrible chemical and biological warfare, an intense propaganda campaign, including the suppression of all books published before a.f. 150, began to weaken the resistance. Religion, Shakespeare, museums, and families all passed into obscurity. The date of the introduction of the Model T was chosen as the start of the new era, and all crosses had their tops cut off to make them into Ts. Six years of pharmaceutical research yielded soma, the perfect drug. The problem of old age was solved, and people could now retain the mental and physical character of youth throughout life. No one was allowed to sit alone and think. No one was allowed "leisure from pleasure."

Which eggs and what is the Bokanovsky Process?

Gammas, Deltas, and Epsilons,fertilized egg divide and divide until you can get ninety-six human beings instead of one. , which causes the eggs to divide, does so by using X-Rays, you know, those harmful things you have to wear shields for in the doctor's office. Lots of the eggs die after eight minutes of radiation, but the ones that survive keep duplicating themselves. After that, the eggs are poisoned with alcohol until near death.

Mond begins to describe life in the time before the World State began its policy of tight control over reproduction, child-rearing, and social relations.

He likens the narrow channeling of emotion and desire to water under pressure in a pipe. One hole produces a strong jet. However, many small holes produce calm streams of water. Strong emotion, inspired by family relationships, sexual repression, and delayed satisfaction of desire, goes directly against stability. Without stability, civilization cannot exist. Before the existence of the World State, the instability caused by strong emotions led to disease, war, and social unrest that resulted in millions of deaths and untold suffering and misery.

What does Henry want to do?

He wants to show the students, the conditioning of Alpha Plus Intellectual fetuses, but the director looking at his watch, announces that the time is 10 to three. He decides there is not enough time to see the Alpha plus conditioning. He wants the children to go to the nurseries before they have awaken from their naps.

Bernard endures the Warden's seemingly endless speech and then hurries to phone Helmholtz to ask him to turn off the tap for him.

Helmholtz has bad news; he tells Bernard that the Director is planning to carry out his threat of exiling him to iceland. Bernard is no longer proud and rebellious now that the Director threat has become a reality. Instead thew news crushes and frightens him to take soma.

What other advances has science made?

In nature, as we know, it takes about thirty years for a person to mature. "Podsnap's technique," which brings that number down to about two years. We find out that London is not the only place where this crazy stuff is going down; in Singapore and Mombasa, their bokanovskification is even more impressive (17,000 clones from one egg).

The Director is interrupted by the cries of a little boy sitting in the bushes

It soon becomes clear that the little boy, for some reason, is uncomfortable with the erotic play in which the children are encouraged to participate. After the boy is whisked off to see the psychologist, the Director astounds the students by explaining that sexual play during childhood and adolescence used to be considered abnormal and immoral. When he begins to explain the deleterious effects of sexual repression, a man interrupts him. The Director reverently introduces the man as "his fordship" Mustapha Mond. At the complex, four thousand electric clocks simultaneously strike four, marking the shift change. Henry Foster and Lenina each head up to the changing rooms in preparation for their date. While heading to the rooms, Henry snubs Bernard Marx who is said to have an unsavory reputation. The narrative suddenly begins to shift back and forth between three different scenes, splicing in Mustapha Mond's speech to the boys with scenes of Henry's conversation in the male changing room and Lenina's conversation in the female training room.

who did Mr. Foster great, that apparently he has a thing for?

Lenina.

The students are overwhelmed by meeting Mond, the Resident Controller for Western Europe, and one of only ten World Controllers.

Mond quotes Ford, saying, "History is bunk" (an actual quote from the real-life Henry Ford) in order to explain why the students have not learned any of the history that the Director explains to them. The Director glances at him nervously. He has heard rumors that Mond keeps forbidden books, such as Bibles and poetry collections, locked in a safe. Mond, aware of the Director's unease, condescendingly reassures him that he does not plan to corrupt the students.

When the D.H.C is tired who starts giving tours?

Mr. Henry Foster

The fetuses undergo different treatments depending on their castes

Oxygen deprivation & alcohol treatments insure the lower intelligence & smaller size of members of the three lower castes

Who does the director tell a story about?

Reuben who has polish speaking Parents. The students blush at the mere mention of the word parent. References to sexual reproduction, including the word mother and father, are now considered pornographic. In the world state, people only use such words in clinical discussion.

What does Lenina beg?

She begs that he take her away from the rushing emptiness of the water after he tells her that the silence, and makes him feel like an individual. Eventually Bernard takes a large a dose of soma , and has sex with her

What do the Gamma, Delta and Epsilon undergo?

The Bokanovsky Process; which involves shocking an egg so that it divides to form up to 96 identical embryos, which then develop into 96 identical human beings

The Director leads the students to the garden, where several hundred naked children are playing.

The Director remarks that "in Our Ford's day," games involved no more than a ball or two, a few sticks, and maybe a net. Such simple apparatus did nothing to increase consumption. In the current World State, all games, like "Centrifugal Bumble-puppy," involve complicated machines.

The Director leads the tour to a dormitory where some Beta children are sleeping.

The Nurse informs them that Elementary sex lesson is over and the elementary class consciousness lesson has just begun A recorded voice whispers to each sleeping child. It states that Alpha children have to work harder than the other classes and it disparages the lower intelligence & inferiority of the lower castes. The voice teaches pride & happiness in the Beta caste: Betas do not have to work as hard as the cleaver Alphas, they are still smarter than Gammas, Deltas, & Epsilons. The director explains that the lesson will be repeated one hundred & twenty times, three times a week, for thirty months. Hypnopaedia instills the fine distinctions and prejudices for electric shocks and alarms are too crude. Hypnopaedia, the Director concludes is the "greatest moralizing & socializing force of all time"

In the changing room at the end of the workday, Bernard overhears Henry talking with the Assistant Predestinator about Lenina.

The Predestinator suggests a "feely" (a movie involving senses of touch and smell) that Henry might want to attend. While discussing Lenina admiringly, Henry tells the Assistant that he should "have her" some time. The conversation disgusts Bernard. The Assistant notices his glum expression and he and Henry decide to bait him. Henry offers Bernard some soma, infuriating him. They laugh as Bernard curses them.

What does the Director do when he criticizes Bernard,

The director criticizes bernard of his antisocial behavior and threatens to exile him to Iceland if his impropriety persists. Bernard leaves the office feeling proud of being considered a rebel.

Ordering a pair of Delta-Minus attendants to get his helicopter ready for flight, Bernard betrays his insecurity about his size.

The lower castes associate larger size with higher status, so he has trouble getting them to follow his orders. Bernard contemplates his feelings of alienation and becomes irritable. He visits his friend, Helmholtz Watson, a lecturer at the College of Emotional Engineering. Helmholtz is an extremely intelligent, attractive, and properly sized Alpha Plus who works in propaganda. Some of Helmholtz's superiors think he is a little too smart for his own good. The narrator agrees with them, noting that "a mental excess had produced in Helmholtz Watson effects very similar to those which, in Bernard Marx, were the result of a physical defect." The friendship between Bernard and Helmholtz springs from their mutual dissatisfaction with the status quo and their shared inclination to view themselves as individuals. Once together, Bernard boasts that Lenina has accepted his invitation, but Helmholtz shows little interest. Helmholtz is preoccupied with the thought that his writing talent could be better used than simply for writing hypnopaedic phrases. His work leaves him feeling empty and unfulfilled. Bernard becomes nervous, jumping up at one point because he thinks, wrongly, that someone is listening at the door.

What happens after 200 repetitions of the electric shock process?

Then children will have instinctive hatred toward books and flowers. A hatred for books is ingrained in the lower castes to prevent them from wasting the community's time reading books that might "decondition" them.

What does Mr. Foster start off talking about?

There are fifteen racks on which the bottles are stored, each traveling through the various rooms at thirty-three and one third centimeters an hour. So at every meter along the way (it takes 267 days), some other concoction is fed to the eggs, or some test is taken, and so on. At meter 200, they test for sex: male, female, freemartins (to be explained shortly). Now fertility, Mr. Foster explains, isn't necessary for most of the females (because of the Bokanovsky thing), so they give most of the eggs enough male sex hormone to make them infertile. Flawless, except sometimes the women grow beards. After that, the doctor continues, it's a simple matter of conditioning the young'ins to be whatever it is they've been predestined to be, like Directors or sewage workers. It becomes clear that these labels we heard earlier like "Alpha" and "Epsilon" are categories for various groups of people. Alphas seem to be the top of the heap, which is nice and logical. It follows, then, that Epsilons are at the bottom. And they're stupid. But they're stupid because they're engineered to be stupid by oxygen deprivation. The current issue on the table is how to get Epsilons to mature faster physically, since their brains do not need time to mature anyway. They're working on it. The students observe the predestinating process: men are conditioned to love whatever job they will have. In other words, men who have to mine in the tropics are conditioned to hate the cold. Men who have to hang upside down doing rocket repairs are conditioned to only be happy when they're upside down.

What does the Director explain about Gammas, Deltas, and Epsilons?

They were once conditioned to like flowers and nature. The idea was to compel them to visit the country often "consume transport" in the process. But, since nature is free, they consumed nothing other than transportation.

When Lenina and Bernard travel to the Reservation, they present themselves to the

Warden to get his signature on the permit, he launches into a long series of facts about the place. Bernard suddenly recalls that he left the scent tap at his apartment, an oversight that could end up being extremely expensive.

When he goes to get the Directors permission to visit the Reservation,he braces himself for the Director's disapproval of his unusual behavior.

When the director presents the permit, he mentions that he took a trip there with a woman 20 yrs ago, but she was lost during a storm and has not been seen since.

What does Lenina convince Bernard to do?

attend a wrestling match. He behaves gloomily the entire afternoon despite Leninas urging to take soma. During the return trip; he stops his helicopter and hovers over the Channel.

what do some of the nurses present the babies with?

books & flowers. As the babies crawl toward the books and the flowers, cooing with pleasure, alarms ring shrilly. Then the babies suffer a mild electric shock, afterward when the nurses offer the flowers & books the babies, they shrink away and wail with terror

What do Henry and Lenina drink before heading to the Westminster Abbey?

coffee with soma. The take another soma dose before they return to Henry's apartment. <<the repeated doses of soma have made them almost completely oblivious to the world around them, Lenina rememebers to use her contraceptives.

what is the world state's motto?

community, stability, identity

What is the Bottling room?

fertilized eggs (which now, having divided, have become a ball of cells called a morula) are dropped one each into bottles lined with cow peritoneum (stomach lining). Everything is mechanical; the bottles slide along on a conveyor belt, and machines routinely line them and drop the morulae inside. Next, there are labelers to...label the bottles. They write down stuff like the date of fertilization and heredity. The labeled bottles then slide onward into the Social Predestination Room, where the Predestinators make calculations based on those labels.

What does the Hatchery design each fetus for?

for a particular caste in the World State. Starting with the five castes which are the : -Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Epsilon

What does Bernard tell Lenina the following day after they have sex

he did not really want to have sex with her on the first night. He would have preferred to act like an adult instead.

When Bernard says that he must have suffered a terrible; shock, the director realizes that

he has been revealing too much of his personal life.

What does the director inform the sutdents about this sleep teaching:

it came only 23 years after the Ford Model T was sold. He makes the sign of the T on his stomach (as an observant Catholic might make the sign of the cross) and the students follow suit. He explains the researchers of hypnopaedia soon discovered that it was useless for intellectual training. Reuben could not repeat the speech word for word, but had no idea what it meant. The place where hypnopaedia can be used, is moral training.

What is the Embryo store?

kept at tropical heat and exposed only to red light. Among the rows and rows of stored embryos walk the workers - all of whom have "the purple eyes of lupus." [NOTE: There's a little bit of confusion here over the mention of lupus, a skin disease. The text describes the workers as having the purple eyes and coral teeth of lupus - but we also know that they're standing under the red light of the embryo lamps. So...either EVERYONE has lupus, or this is just a contrived metaphor for describing the way they look. We think the latter, especially since we find out later that disease has been eradicated in this new world.]

What does Bernard do every other Thursday?

takes part in the Solidarity Service at the Fordson Community Singery. The participants sit 12 to a table; alternating men & women. While a rousing hymn plays the participants pass a cup of strawberry ice cream soma and take a soma tablet with it. They work themselves into a frenzy of exulation & the ceremony ends with a sex orgy that leaves BErnard more isolated then ever.

Which do not undergo the Bokanovsky process?

the Alpha & Betas, it can weaken the embryos

What is the D.H.C doing?

the D.H.C is giving a group of students tours, of a factory that produces human beings and conditions them for their predestined roles in the World State. He explains to the boys, that human beings no longer produce living offspring. Instead, surgically removed ovaries produce ova that are fertilized in artificial receptacles and incubated in specially designed bottles.

Why does the Director explain that the Bokanovsky process facilitates social stability?

the clones it produces are predestined to perform identical tasks at identical machines. The cloning process is one of the tools the World State uses to implement its motto " Community, Identity, Stability"

In order to increase the transportation of goods, the world state decided to abolish what?

the love of nature while preserving the desire to use transportation

The Director and Henry Foster introduce Lenina Crowne to

the students. She explains that her job is to immunize the fetuses destined for the tropics with vaccinations for typhoid & sleeping sickness. In front of the boys, Henry reminds Lenina of their date for that afternoon, which the Director finds "charming". Henry goes to live in constant motion, which future chemical workers are conditioned to tolerate toxic chemicals.

What do the students observe?

they observe a Bokanovsky group of 8 month year old babies wearing delta khaki- colored clothes.

The director continues that

with his story. One night, Reuben's parents left the radio on while he slept. The child woke up reciting a broadcast of Bernard Shaw <a speech verbatim>> the parents do not understand english, so they thought something was wrong. Their doctor understood English and notified the medical press of the event. Reuben's ovenight learning lead to the discovery of sleep teaching aka. hypnopaedia.