BS 161

A consecutive sequence of codons following a start codon is called a: gene.template strand.peptide .reading frame. genetic code

.reading frame.

Which number represents the pH of a solution with the highest concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)? 7.0 11.5 9.1 1.0 4.5

1.0

An RNA transcript is synthesized in which direction? 3' to 5' 5' to 3' N terminus to C terminus 5' to 5' C terminus to N terminus

5' to 3'

All of these groups are a component of an amino acid except: a carboxyl group. an amino group. a phosphate group. an R group. an alpha carbon.

A phosphate Group

The regions on a DNA helix where the strands must be separated so processes like transcription can start often have an A-T pair bias, that is, there are more A-T pairs than G-C pairs. What might you suggest as the basis for this bias? The strands are farther apart and easier to split at A-T pairs. A-T pairs have fewer H-bonds to break, so it requires less energy. G-C pairs have fewer H-bonds to break, so it requires less energy. The strands are farther apart and easier to split at G-C pairs.

A-T pairs have fewer H-bonds to break, so it requires less energy.

The RNA base uracil pairs with: adenine. guanine. cytosine. thymine.

Adenine

Two of the main ingredients in plant fertilizer are phosphorus and nitrogen. These elements are found in which classes of biomolecules? proteins and carbohydrates DNA and proteins carbohydrates and DNA lipids and carbohydrates

DNA and Proteins

The class of organic molecules defined by a physical property rather than a structure are the: proteins. nucleic acids. None of the other answer options is correct. carbohydrates. lipids

Lipids

Pyrimidine and purine bases are found in: nucleic acids. proteins. carbohydrates. fatty acids. lipids.

Nucleic Acids

Peptide bonds are characteristic of: proteins lipids. nucleic acids. carbohydrates. fatty acids.

Proteins

A cell that is deficient in ribosomes is unable to complete what process? transcription translation replication transformation

Translation

A fatty acid contains primarily carbon and hydrogen atoms, and its hydrocarbon tail is very hydrophobic. What kind of interaction can occur between hydrocarbon tails of fatty acids? Ionic interaction Covalent bond Hydrogen bond Van der Waals

Van der Waals

In which aspect of DNA structure are hydrogen bonds important? 5'C to phosphate bond base-to-deoxyribose bond base-to-base pairing 3'C to phosphate bond

base-to-base pairing

You are characterizing an unknown molecule. Elemental analysis reveals that the molecule contains only carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms. The molecule could be: a ribose nucleotide or a fatty acid an amino acid or a deoxyribose nucleotide a carbohydrate sugar or an amino acid a carbohydrate sugar or a fatty acid

a carbohydrate sugar or a fatty acid

Carbohydrates and proteins are two types of macromolecules. Which functional characteristic of proteins distinguishes them from carbohydrates? large amount of stored information None of the other answer options is correct.tendency to make cell membranes hydrophobic efficient storage of usable chemical energy ability to catalyze biochemical reactions

ability to catalyze biochemical reactions

When we consider the orientations of the two strands of DNA that make up a double helix, we see that they are: parallel. mirror images. antiparallel.

antiparallel.

Which of the following is the actual event that translates the language of nucleic acids (the sequence of bases, A, T (U), C, and G) to the language of proteins (determining which amino acid will be added to the polypeptide)? establishing the correct reading frame by the ribosome catalysis of a new peptide bond from the growing polypeptide to the next amino acid attachment of the appropriate amino acid to the tRNA by aminoacyl tRNA synthetase release of the finished polypeptide at the stop codon binding of charged tRNA to the ribosome A site

attachment of the appropriate amino acid to the tRNA by aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

The ability of atoms to attract electrons is referred to as: a.) van der Waals attraction. b.) potential energy. c.) electronegativity. d.) hydrophobicity. e.) cohesion.

c.) electronegativity

Imagine you are looking at a bottle of salad dressing containing oil, vinegar, and water. You notice that the oil sits on the "top" of the other liquids. This is due, in part, to the fact that: a.) oil is hydrophilic. b.) water is hydrophobic and oil is hydrophilic. c.) oil is hydrophobic. d.) water is hydrophobic. e.) vinegar is hydrophobic.

c.) oil is hydrophobic.

How is the amino acid held on the charged tRNA? covalent bond hydrogen bonds It can be a combination of all bond types.

covalent bond

Adjacent nucleotides in an RNA chain are held together by: the hydrophobic effect. covalent bonding .hydrogen bonding. All of these choices are correct. ionic bonding.

covalent bonding

A fatty acid contains primarily carbon and hydrogen atoms, and its hydrocarbon tail is very hydrophobic. What kind of interaction can occur between hydrocarbon tails of fatty acids? a.) Hydrogen bond b.) Ionic interaction c.) Covalent bond d.) Van der Waals

d.) Van der Waals

The molecule ethanol has the chemical formula CH3CH2OH. The -OH part of the molecule is what functional group? a.) methyl b.) sulfhydryl c.) phosphate d.) hydroxyl e.) carboxyl

d.) hydroxyl

The molecule ethanol has the chemical formula CH3CH2OH. The -CH3 part of the molecule is a methyl group, and has which properties? a.) it is nonpolar since carbon and hydrogen have different electronegativities b.) it is polar since carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativities c.) it is polar since carbon and hydrogen have different electronegativities d.) it is nonpolar since carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativities

d.) it is nonpolar since carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativities

Based on what you know about the relative strength of each type of bond/intermolecular force, which of the following would be LEAST affected by a moderate increase in temperature? a.) hydrophobic b.) ionic c.) hydrogen d.) Van der Waals e.) covalent

e.) covalent

The tendency of nonpolar molecules to self-associate in water rather than dissolve individually is called the: a.) hydrophilic effect. b.) non-polar effect. c.) polar effect. d.) aqueous effect. e.) hydrophobic effect.

e.) hydrophobic effect

If you isolate a single nucleotide from a nucleic acid chain and determine that the nitrogenous ring structure is cytosine, you could say with certainty that the nucleotide may have come from: neither DNA nor RNA. RNA but not DNA. DNA but not RNA. either DNA or RNA.

either DNA or RNA.

Triacylglycerols are used in cells primarily for: energy storage. biological catalysis. information storage. cell membrane biosynthesis. movement.

energy storage.

In addition to hydrogen bonds, what other bonds/forces/interactions help maintain the characteristic double helix structure of DNA? hydrophobic clustering hydrophobic clustering and van der Waals attractions van der Waals attractions covalent bonds ionic interactions

hydrophobic clustering and van der Waals attractions

In eukaryotic cells, where does protein synthesis take place? in the RNA in the DNA in the nucleus in the cytoplasm

in the cytoplasm

Which type of fatty acids would be likely to participate in the greatest amount of van der Waals forces with other fatty acids? Fatty acids with: short tails and low saturation. short tails and high saturation. long tails and high saturation. long tails and low saturation.

long tails and high saturation.

The type of RNA that physically interacts with a ribosome, providing the sequence information for a specific protein, is abbreviated: snRNA. rRNA. tRNA. siRNA. mRNA.

mRNA.

During the process of translation, which molecules undergo base-pairing? mRNA:tRNA tRNA:amino acid mRNA:DNA mRNA:amino acid

mRNA:tRNA

An unsaturated fatty acid contains: only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms. one or more double bonds between hydrogen atoms. only carbon and hydrogen. one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.

one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.

At the pH of the cell, the amino group of the amino acid shown below is usually: positively charged not charged there is not enough information to answer this question negatively charged

positively charged

The fully folded structure of a functional protein composed of a single polypeptide chain is referred to as: quaternary. primary. tertiary. secondary.

tertiary.

Which component of an amino acid differs from one amino acid to another? the amino group the hydrogen atom opposite the R group the carboxyl group the alpha-carbon atom the side chain

the side chain

The sequence of amino acids in a protein is referred to as its primary structure. false true

true