bsc 109 chapter 13

the anterior pituitary gland produces all of the following except which one

ADH

cortisol

Cushing's syndrome

the mot accurate statement about FSH is

FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates ovulation

how do releasing hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland

They are released near blood vessels (a capillary bed) in the hypothalamus, travel a short distance, and diffuse out around the cells of the anterior pituitary.

Cortisol production occurs in the __________ and is stimulated by __________.

adrenal cortex; acth

Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland control the activity of all of the following glands except

adrenal medulla

Receptors for nonsteroid hormones are located in

association with a cell's plasma membrane

what would be triggered by a drop in blood Ca2+ levels?

both increase in PTH secretion and decrease in calcitonin secretion

oxytocin

causes ejection of milk into ducts during breast-feeding

LH

causes release of the egg from the ovary

SYMPATHETIC NERVES

causes the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla

ADH

diabetes insipidus

hyposecretion of ADH results in

diabetes insipidus

insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in

dwarfism

Which of these is a nonsteroid hormone?

epinephrine and oxytocin

Which of the following hormones will be most active after 24 hours without food?

glucagon

which of the following statements about glucagon is true

glucagon causes glycogen to break down to form glucose

Alpha cells of the pancreas secrete _____________, whereas beta cells secrete _______________.

glucagon; insulin

thyroid

grave's disease

The target cells of an endocrine gland __________.

have specific receptors for the hormone

prolactin

hormone that stimulates milk production

Secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary gland is closely regulated by the __________.

hypothalamus

The structure that controls hormone release by both the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary is the ________.

hypothalamus

Luteinizing hormone is considered a gonadotropin because of which one of the following reasons?

it promotes growth of reproductive organs of males and females

The most accurate statement about LH is ________.

its produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both testosterone production and ovulation

calcitonin

lowers blood calcium levels

Calcitonin

opposes the action of parathyroid hormone

which two hormones most directly regulate lactation

oxytocin and prolactin

From which part of the pituitary are the hypothalamic hormones (antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin) released?

posterior pituitary

aldosterone

promotes sodium uptake and potassium excretion

Antidiuretic hormone

promotes water retention by the kidneys

The effect of parathyroid hormone is to ________ blood calcium levels.

raise

the kidneys secrete both

renin and erythropoietin

iodine

required in the diet in order for active thyroid hormones to be produced

epinephrine and norepinephrine

responsible for the "fight or flight" response to danger

Which of the following tissues/organs is NOT a member of the endocrine system?

salivary gland

hypothalamus

secretes releasing hormones

__________ hormones enter target cells and bind to intracellular receptors, whereas __________ hormones bind to cell membrane receptors and never enter the target cells.

steroid; nonsteroid

insulin

stimulates cell uptake of glucose by cells throughout the body

luteinizing hormone (LH)

stimulates hormone production by the ovaries and testes

ACTH

stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex

androgens

the main male hormone

Which of these statements comparing the nervous system and the endocrine system is true?

the nervous system enables more rapid communication and signaling that does the endocrine system

how do nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones

they act via signal transduction pathways; steroid hormones do not act via signal transduction pathways

thymosin and thymopoietin are secreted by

thymus

adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth)

triggers the release of glucocorticoids in response to stress

hormones act more quickly than the nervous system

true

Which of these endocrine disorders is associated with the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin?

type 1 diabetes mellitus