BSC 2011 Chapter 31

What do fungi and arthropods have in common? A) The haploid state is dominant in both groups. B) Both groups are predominantly autotrophs that produce their own food. C) Both groups use chitin for support. D) Both groups have cell walls.

Both groups use chitin for support.

You observe the gametes of a fungal species under the microscope and realize that they resemble animal sperm. To which of the following group does the fungus belong? A) Basidiomycota B) Zygomycetes C) Ascomycota D) Chytrids

Chytrids

Which of the following is a difference betweeen plants and fungi A) Fungi have cell walls B) Plants are eukaruotic C) Fungi are heterotrophic, and plants are autotrophic D) Fungi are strictly asexual, and plants undergo sexual reproduction

Fungi are heterotrophic, and plants are autotrophic

Why are mycorrhizal fungi superior to plants at acquiring mineral nutrition from the soil? A) Fungi secrete extracellular enzymes that can break down large molecules. B) Hyphae have a smaller surface-area-to-volume ratio than do the hairs on a plant root. C) Mycelia are able to grow in the direction of food. D) Hyphae are one hundred to one thousand times larger than plant roots.

Fungi secrete extracellular enzymes that can break down large molecules.

Many types of fungus form mycorrhizae, but this particular phylum does it nearly 100% of the time. A) Zygomycota B) Basidiomycota C) Glomeromycota D) Ascomycota

Glomeromycota

Which of the following best describes the physical relationship of the partners involved in lichens? A) Photosynthetic cells are surrounded by fungal hyphae. B) Lichen cells are enclosed within fungal cells. C) Fungal cells are enclosed within algal cells. D) The fungi grow on rocks and trees and are covered by algae.

Photosynthetic cells are surrounded by fungal hyphae.

Fungi obtain nutrients through _____. A) endocytosis B) photosynthesis C) absorption D) ingestion

absorption

The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to _____. A) the potential to inhabit almost all terrestrial habitats B) the increased probability of contact between different mating types C) an extensive surface area well suited for invasive growth and absorptive nutrition D) the ability to form haustoria and parasitize other organisms

an extensive surface area well suited for invasive growth and absorptive nutrition

Among the organisms listed here, which are thought to be the closest relatives of fungi? A) animals B) brown algae C) mosses D vascular plants

animals

Deuteromycetes _____. A) are the group that includes molds, yeasts, and lichens B) include the imperfect fungi that lack hyphae C) are the group of fungi that have, at present, no known sexual stage D) represent the phylum in which all the fungal components of lichens are classified

are the group of fungi that have, at present, no known sexual stage

The multicellular condition of animals and fungi seems to have arisen _____. A) due to common ancestry B) by inheritance of acquired traits C) by serial endosymbioses D) by convergent evolution

by convergent evolution

Which of the following cells or structures are associated with asexual reproduction in fungi? A) zycosporangia B) ascospores C) basidiospores D) conidiophores

conidiophores

The diploid phase of the life cycle is shortest in which of the following? A) angiosperm B) moss C) gymnosperm D) fungus

fungus

An important example of interaction between fungi and certain other organisms is mycorrhizae, in which the fungal partners _____. A) cause the decay of cellulose and lignin B) sicken herbivores that attempt to feed on plants C) control soil nematodes D) help plants take up nutrients and water

help plants take up nutrients and water

All fungi share which of the following characteristics? A) heterotrophic B) symbiotic C) act as decomposers D) flagellated

heterotrophic

The body of most fungi consists of threadlike _____, which form a network called a _____. A) sporangia ... dikaryon B) mycelia ... hypha C) hyphae ... mycelium D) mycelia ... dikaryon

hyphae ... mycelium

Fungal reproduction is different from reproduction in plants or animals. One of the answers is obvious, but the other is only associated with fungi. A) diploidy and the heterokaryotic condition B) budding and meiosis C) haustoria and karyogamy D) karyogamy and meiosis

karyogamy and meiosis

Some fungal species can kill herbivores while feeding off of sugars from its plant host. What type of relationship does this fungus have with its host? A) mutualistic B) predatory C) parasitic D) commensal

mutualistic

If all fungi in an environment that perform decomposition were to suddenly die, then which group of organisms should benefit most, due to the fact that their fungal competitors have been removed? A) grasses B) protists C) flowering plants D) prokaryotes

prokaryotes

Fungi of the phylum Ascomycota are recognized on the basis of their production of _____ during sexual reproduction. A) flagellated zoospores B) saclike structures C) a dikaryotic structure D) lichens

saclike structures