BSC1005C- Diversity of Life Test 1
If you were to combine all of the ecosystems on the planet, including the planet itself, you would have the ________.
Biosphere
What is the term for manipulating the molecular basis of inheritance via recombinant DNA technology?
Biotechnology
DNA possesses
C, T, A, and G bases.
If the base sequence of template strand reads GCCATTAC, what is the base sequence of the mRNA?
CGGUAAUG
Which is not one of the four atoms that make up the bulk of living organisms?
Calcium
Which of the following large organic molecules includes table sugar?
Carbohydrates
What harvests energy from sunlight to rearrange molecules into sugar?
Chloroplasts
Which of the following would probably not be studied by an ecologist?
Circulatory system of fish
Why does transcription occur in the nucleus and not in the cytoplasm?
DNA cannot leave the nucleus.
What do the letters D-N-A stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Gathering information just to add to the knowledge base, such as measuring the beak length of various bird species, is known as ________.
Discovery science
Which grouping contains the largest number of individual organisms?
Domain
Which of the following is the correct organizational hierarchy, from largest to smallest, in the hierarchical order of life? (Some levels have been omitted, so you are looking for the correct order.)
Ecosystem → Community → Population → Organ → Tissue → Cell → Molecule → Atom
Which of the following is not located in the nucleus?
Endoplasmic reticulum
A good experiment should include as many variables as possible at the same time. True or False?
False
How many different kinds of nucleotides are in DNA?
Four
Some proteins are small and simple while others are large and complex. Where are the large and complex proteins assembled?
In the rough endoplasmic reticulum
If the number of protons in an atom does not match the number of electrons, the atom is specifically called an ________.
Ion
The chemical name for table salt is sodium chloride, or simply NaCl. What type of chemical is NaCl?
Ion
What is the definition of endocytosis?
It is the bulk transport of materials into the cell.
How is life defined?
Life is defined through a set of shared characteristics that all living things display.
Which organelle functions to break down and recycle large molecules?
Lysosome
What is the sum total of all the chemical reactions that take place in your body called?
Metabolism
How many bases are in the DNA molecule of a typical human chromosome?
Millions
Select the cellular structure that can be found in both plant and animal cells.
Mitochondria
Darwin was not the first to propose that organisms evolve. Rather, he proposed a novel idea of what mechanism caused organisms to change over time. By what means did he propose that organisms evolve?
Natural selection
Is a virus alive?
No, it does not possess all of the requirements for life.
What is the monomer of the DNA polymer?
Nucleotide
What is typically the first step in the scientific method?
Observation
The passive transport of water is specifically called ________.
Osmosis
What is the most common element in your body?
Oxygen
Which polysaccharide consists of individual long, twisted, unbranched chains of glucose?
Starch
If a cell had a damaged central vacuole, it would have difficulty performing what function?
Storing water
Adaptations aid in the survival and reproduction of an organism in a particular environment. True or False?
True
Scientific experimentation generally leads to more questions. True or False?
True
The energy that sustains life ultimately comes from sunlight. True or False?
True
Why is one side of a water molecule partially negative while the other side is partially positive?
Uneven sharing of electron pairs occurs due to the strong pull of oxygen.
Which of the following dietary fats is considered to be the most healthy?
Unsaturated fat
Why are viruses not considered to be living organisms?
Viruses do not have their own cells and they do not reproduce on their own.
What is not a structural difference between DNA and RNA?
Where DNA has a phosphate group, RNA has a methyl group.
In chemical bonding, when the bonded atoms share electrons, it is specifically called ________.
a covalent bond
A population consists of ________.
a group of interacting individuals of one species
Transfer RNA
brings amino acids to the ribosome.
A(n) __________ involves running a test multiple times while changing one variable, leaving the others the same.
controlled experiment
Semiconservative DNA replication means that
each new DNA molecule has half the DNA from the old one.
Organic molecules that end in the suffix "-ase" often function as ________ molecules.
enzymatic
Water is the lightest (least dense) when it ________.
freezes
Movement down a concentration gradient means that the substance is moving ________.
from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Complementary base pairs are held together by
hydrogen bonds.
A(n) __________ is a proposed explanation for a set of observations. It leads to predictions that can be tested by additional observations or by experiments.
hypothesis
Final protein refinements, storage, and packaging occurs ________.
in the Golgi apparatus.
The spread of cancer cells from their site of origin to sites distant in the body is called ________.
metastasis
The nucleus is a large ________.
organelle
A DNA nucleotide is made up of
phosphate-deoxyribose-base.
The small circular molecules of DNA commonly found in bacteria are called ________.
plasmids
Scientists use a general process known as the _________ to ask and answer questions about nature.
scientific method
A(n) _________ is broader in scope than a hypothesis, is supported by a large body of evidence, and generates many new hypotheses
theory
The earliest examples of biotechnology included the
use of selective breeding to provide better, more nutritious food.
The sequence of subunits in the DNA "backbone" is
-phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar-.
Something with a pH of 5 would be ________.
Acidic
Which form of transport requires the expenditure of energy?
Active transport
What is a gene?
All of these and more are part of the expanding definition of a gene.
Which of the following statements is true?
All prokaryotes are unicellular but eukaryotes could be either unicellular or multicellular.
Which of the following is NOT a use for biotechnology?
Altering the intelligence levels of newborn infants
The functional group -NH2 is called the ________ group
Amino
What does "transfer RNA" actually transfer?
Amino acids
What is a trace element?
An element that is required in miniscule amounts for life
Identify the prokaryotic organism.
Bacteria
Which type of cell, if any, does not have a plasma membrane?
Bacteria, plant, and animal cells all have a plasma membrane.
What is the maximum number of electrons that can fit into the innermost shell of an atom?
2
How many nucleotides in sequence are required to code for 10 amino acids?
30
"Chargaff's rule" for base pairing in DNA is that
A bonds with T, and G bonds with C.
What is a "benign" tumor?
A mass of cells that grows out of control but remains at the site of origin
Individual water molecules are held to one another by relatively weak ________ bonds.
Hydrogen
Which part of the ecosystem is called a producer?
Photosynthetic organisms
What is another name for the polymers of carbohydrates?
Polysaccharides
Archaea are a distinct group of organisms that are about the size and shape of bacteria. Although they lack a nucleus or any other organelle, they produce enzymes similar to those produced by animal cells. Which cell type are they?
Prokaryotes
What were the first organisms that appeared on the planet?
Prokaryotes
What passes through the nuclear pores?
RNA
What is the role of the nuclear membrane?
Regulates transport of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
What should one do if the results of the experiment consistently do not support the original hypothesis?
Reject the original hypothesis and formulate a new hypothesis.
What does the lowercase "r" in rRNA stand for?
Ribosomal
Which structure is common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Ribosomes
Which would have the highest concentration of C-H bonds?
Saturated fat
The type of mutation that alters the nucleotide sequence of a gene but does not alter the amino acid sequence of the protein produced from that gene is called ________ mutation.
Silent
What is different from one DNA nucleotide to the next?
The base
A needle can be made to "float" on the surface tension of water. What causes this surface tension to form?
The cohesion of water molecules to each other
Select the most complete explanation of what the pH scale actually measures.
The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
Why can a person who is unable to produce insulin, be successfully treated with insulin derived from genetically modified bacteria?
The gene that produces insulin in humans was inserted into the bacteria where it continues to produce human insulin.
Which of the following is true regarding the genetic information in the cells of your body?
The genetic information in almost all of your body cells is identical.
Identify the part of the atom that most determines the chemical reactivity of the atom.
The number of electrons
Which structure selectively regulates the transport of substances into and out of a plant cell?
The plasma membrane
What will be accomplished by lowering the activation energy of a reaction?
The reaction will proceed more quickly.
To a large extent, a protein's function is dependent upon its shape. What determines a protein's shape?
The sequence of amino acids
The majority of the elements essential to life are found in what part of the periodic table?
The top third
Plant cells, fungal cells, and even bacterial cells have a cell wall. What is the primary difference between these similar structures?
They are made of different materials.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria share something with the nucleus that the other organelles do not. What is this shared function or component?
They are the only organelles that contain DNA.
What happens to populations that are unable to adapt to changing environmental conditions?
They go extinct.
What is an anticodon?
Three consecutive bases in tRNA
Ribosomes are directly associated with which process?
Translation