BSC2011 Exam 3 learning catalytics

In a huge (hypothetical) experiment, scientists found that if they watered and fertilized land at 30 degrees north for 50 years, species richness increased dramatically. This observation is consistent with which hypothesis about the latitudinal gradient in species richness? A. Evolutionary rate hypothesis B. History hypothesis C. Species-energy hypothesis D. Geographic area hypothesis E. This observation is not consistent with any of these hypotheses.

C

In a population of baboons with 50 individuals, 5 babies are born, and 2 die on average each year. What is r for the population? A. 0.01 B. 0.04 C. 0.06 D. 0.6

C

Rank the following carbon reservoirs from smallest to largest: Soils Ocean Plant Biomass Atmosphere Fossil Fuels A. Soils - Fossil fuels - ocean - atmsphere - plant biomass B. Fossil fuels - ocean - soils - atmosphere - plant biomass C. Plant biomass - atmosphere - soils - ocean - fossil fuels D. Ocean - plant biomass - fossil fuels - soils - atmosphere

C

The atmospheric pool of carbon will shrink as a result of which process? A. Wildfires B. Volcanic eruptions C. Plant photosynthesis D. Organism respiration E. Fossil fuel combustion

C

You go out and trap desert gerbils. On your first trapping night, you capture 10 gerbils. On your second trapping night, you capture 1000 gerbils, and 5 are marked. How many gerbils do you estimate are in the population? A. 4000 B. 1000 C. 2000 D. Only the gerbils know

C

You want to estimate the number of honeybees in your beehive. You capture and mark 20 bees on the first day. On the second day, you capture 20 bees, and 2 of them are marked. How many bees are in your hive? A. 20 B. 100 C. 200 D. 400

C

f N = 1000 in a population, and there are 40 births that year, and 60 deaths, what is the "r" for the population? (Hint: first calculate the per capita birth and death rates, then subtract b - m to get "r".) A. - 0.2 B. 0.02 C. - 0.02 D. 1.2

C

Which factor controls population size in a density-independent fashion? A. Disease B. Intraspecific Competition C. Drought D. Predation

C

Due to the Coriolis effect, winds moving towards the equator are deflected to the A. north B. south C. east D. west

D

Review from last class and Animated Tutorial 41.1. The image shows an aerial view of a mountain in Hawaii. Click anywhere on the WINDWARD side of the island.

on the grassy area

Lizards and guinea pigs both eat the exact same type of kibble. If you're farming for meat, and you want to maximize the production of your farm, which animal is a better choice? (note for the geeky among you: They are also the same size and same surface area : volume ratio) A. Lizards B. Guinea pigs

A

The carbon flux rate from land to the atmosphere is greater than the flux rate from the ocean to the atmosphere. A. True B. False

A

Two competing species usually can coexist when interspecific competition is _______ intraspecific competition. A. weaker than B. stronger than C. equal to

A

Which level of organization must include members from only a single species? A. Population B. Community C. Ecosystem D. Landscape E. Abiota

A

You are a species of squirrel that is preyed upon by foxes, which are preyed upon by mountain lions. A new species of squirrel is introduced to your ecosystem. This squirrel eats entirely different plants than you do, but it shares the same fox predator. What do you predict the population of the fox will do over time, in response to this change in the biotic environment? (hint: foxes in this system are food limited). A. increase B. decrease C. stay the same

A

You observe a horned lizard shooting a red liquid from it's eyes! An example of a proximate question you could ask about this behavior is: A)How does horned lizard vascular (blood vessel) structure allow them to shoot blood from their eyes? B)What is the function of blood-shooting behavior? C)How does blood-shooting map onto the horned lizard phylogeny? D)How does development play a role in this behavior?

A and D

Gopher tortoises feed on grasses such as wire grass. The tortoise creates burrows in the ground to lay their eggs but the burrows can also be used by other species such as burrowing owls, rabbits, and indigo snakes. The species interaction between gopher tortoises and wire grass can best be described as ___________ and would be depicted as a _______________ line in a diagram while the interaction between the tortoise and the indigo snake would best be described as ________ and would be depicted as a ______________ line on the same diagram. A. direct, dotted; indirect, solid B. direct, solid; indirect, dotted C. indirect, dotted; direct, solid D. indirect, solid; direct, dotted

B

If secondary consumers are the highest trophic level in a community, how many trophic levels does that community have (not counting decomposers)? A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Three if it is an aquatic community, four if it is a terresterial community.

B

In a biogeochemical cycle, a pool can remain balanced (that is, not increase or decrease in size) only if A. rates of flux remain constant. B. fluxes into the pool equal fluxes out of the pool. C. fluxes out of the pool remain the same size. D. fluxes into the pool remain the same size

B

In ocean environments, the highest net primary productivity tends to be in coastal zones and upwelling zones, because they A. receive the most rainfall. B. receive constant inputs of nutrients. C. are all in temperate or tropical zones. D. are shallow and therefore receive the most sunlight. E. are close to hydrothermal vents, which provide nutrients.

B

Suppose that nearly all healthy individuals of a fish species perform a swimming pattern upon exposure to a chemical. This response is very similar across all individuals of the species, and is exceedingly difficult to prevent via learning. Most likely, this behavior is an example of A. behavioral imprinting. B. a fixed action pattern. C. orienting. D. a pheromone. E. an alarm call.

B

Tree communities are sampled across for species W, X, Y, and Z. Which community is the most diverse? A. 70 W, 0 X, 20 Y, 10 Z B. 40 W, 30 X, 20 Y, 10 Z C. 70 W, 30 X, 0Y, 0Z D. 800W, 150 X, 45 Y, 5 Z

B

Which example is a mutualistic interaction? A. Barnacles obtain safe haven by riding on a whale, while the whale is unaffected. B. A bacterial species lives inside a plant's roots and provides usable nitrogen to the plant, which in turn provides sugar nutrients to the bacteria. C. A virus infects a bird, thus reducing the bird's fecundity. D. A wasp lays its egg inside a caterpillar, and the hatched wasp larva consumes the caterpillar. E. A bluejay forces sparrows to leave a bird feeder so that it can eat the seeds.

B

Which participant would receive an increase in its population growth rate from a given interspecific interaction? A. A resource in a consumer-resource interaction B. A consumer in a consumer-resource interaction C. A competitor in a competition interaction D. A participant in an amensal relationship E. None of the above

B

Which statement is TRUE about island biogeography? A. Large islands have higher species richness than small islands because the have a slower rate of colonization. B. Larger islands have higher species richness than small islands because they have a slower rate of extinction. C. Near islands have higher species richness than far islands because they have a slower rate of extinction. D. Far islands have higher species richness than close islands because they have a higher rate of colonization

B

Which statement is an example of climate? A. The high today for Gainesville, FL will be 66 degrees F. B. The average temperature in Gainesville during the month of July, calculated between 1981-2010, is 91 degrees F. C. On January 28, 2014, Pensacola FL received 1.8 inches of snow.

B

Identify what is wrong with the following statement: "If the climate in two geographically separate regions is similar, the same type of biome may occur along with the same species of plants and animals." A. Biomes are not affected by climate. B. Each continent has its own, unique biomes. C. Geographically separate biomes share animal and plants with similar adaptations—usually not the same species. D. Biomes are not geographically separate but instead are continuous. E. None of the above

C

A cosmic catastrophe jolts Earth so that its axis is perpendicular to the orbital plane between Earth and the sun. The LARGEST effect of this change would be A. The elimination of tides B. Increase in length of night at the equator C. Decreased temperature at the equator D. Elimination of seasonal variation.

D

In a microbial community, autotrophs generate 1,000 calories per hour of GPP and 500 calories per hour of NPP. Primary consumers convert 60 calories per hour into their own biomass. What is the ecological efficiency in the link between autotrophs and primary consumers in this community? A. percent B. 6 percent C. 10 percent D. 12 percent E. 16 percent

D

You observe a squirrel pick up an acorn, dig a small hole in the ground, and place the acorn inside. Which of these hypotheses for this behavior tests an ultimate, function question? A. The squirrel has front paws specialized for digging. B. Related species of squirrels engage in the same nut-burying behavior. C. The squirrel learned this behavior by watching other squirrels. D. The squirrel will remember where the acorns were hidden in the winter and will retrieve them for food.

D

According to the theory of island biogeography, if the colonization rate is equal to the extinction rate, the species richness is A. low. B. high. C. increasing. D. decreasing. E. at equilibrium.

E