BUS 104 CH 4, Chapter 4, Quiz Chapter 4, Organizational Behavior: Ch 4 Emotions & Moods, Quiz 4, MGMT Test 1, BUAD309 Ch. 4, OB - Chapter 4, Ch3 Attitudes and job Satisfaction, Quiz 3, OB Ch. 3, Chapter 3: Attitudes & Job Satisfaction, MGMT 3750 Chap...
What is the chief purpose of organizational behavior?
-Understand and predict human behavior in organizations. -Apply that knowledge towards improving an organization's effectiveness.
E
1) Audrey Smith is a renowned psychiatrist in New Jersey. While interacting with patients, she needs to understand their points of view by listening intently to what they say. It is important that she understands their problems so that she can offer advice. In such a situation, Smith is using the ______ dimension of intellectual ability. A) perpetual speed B) spatial visualization C) number aptitude D) lateral thinking E) verbal comprehension
E
1)Annette Simpson works for a fashion house in Paris and is preparing for the company's upcoming line of winter clothing. She is currently researching online to know what is in vogue this season. In addition, she is also networking with contacts from the press and fashion magazine editors to understand the changing tastes of consumers. Which of the following roles is Simpson playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles? A) figurehead B) leader C) spokesperson D) symbol head E) monitor
D
10) According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) _______ is to transmit information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization. A) spokesperson B) entrepreneur C) leader D) disseminator E) resource allocator
D
10) refers to an overall factor of intelligence as suggested by the positive correlations among specific intellectual ability dimensions. A) Extelligence B) The Flynn effect C) Virtual memory D) General mental ability E) Malleable intelligence
F
11) Studies show that satisfaction tends to continually increase among nonprofessionals as they age, whereas it falls among professionals during middle age and then rises again in the later years.
T
11) The Royal Bank of Canada story highlights several issues of interest to those seeking to understand organizational behavior, including motivation, ethics, emotions, personality, and culture
T
12) A diversity program effective in improving representation in management is a strategy to measure the representation of minorities in managerial positions.
T
12) The job of a guest relations executive at a hotel is a kind of service job.
F
13) Unfair discrimination involves noticing and being aware of individual characteristics among people in a group.
F
13) While sociology focuses on the individual, psychology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture.
F
14) According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, employers are under no obligation to make accommodations for individuals with physical or mental disabilities.
T
14) Organizational behavior applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups, and the effect of structure on behavior in order to make organizations work more effectively.
F
15) The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace is called cohesive behavior.
T
15) Women being passed over for promotion even when they are performing better than men is an example of a discriminatory practice.
T
16) An organization is a consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people.
T
16) The structures and measures of intellectual abilities generalize across cultures.
F
17) Entomology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.
F
17) The less complex a job in terms of information-processing demands, the more general intelligence and verbal abilities are necessary to perform successfully.
T
18) A way for managers to respond to the problem of unethical behavior is to provide in-house advisors who can be contacted anonymously.
F
18) Demographics mostly reflect deep-level rather than surface -level diversity.
T
19) Evidence -based management complements systematic study by basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence.
T
19) Inductive reasoning is the ability to identify a logical sequence in a problem and then solve the problem.
A
2) The human resources department of Orbit Bank believes in being unbiased toward all employees and treating them fairly. They believe it is crucial that the company treat all their employees equally. However Susan Daniels, an employee at the bank, recently filed a lawsuit against the company, claiming that she was discriminated against. Which of the following, if true, best justifies Susan's action? A) She was given the same incentives as her colleagues in spite of performing better than them. B) She had faced a similar situation of discrimination in her previous company. C) The company did not give her preferential treatment even though she was from the host country. D) She was asked whether she was over eighteen during the first round in the interview process. E) Her colleagues expressed their dissatisfaction over their pay and severance packages.
C
2)The role of a(n) _____ , according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, is to transmit information to outsiders about an organization's plans, policies, actions, and results and to serve as an expert in the organization's industry. A) disturbance handler B) leader C) spokesperson D) entrepreneur E) liaison
T
20) One major study area of social psychology is change, how to implement it, and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance.
F
20) Recent U.S. legislation has instituted mandatory retirement at 70 in order to ensure that jobs are available for younger workers.
E
3) Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as dynamic flexibility? A) the ability to expend a maximum of energy in one or a series of explosive acts B) the ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible C) the ability to exert force against external objects D) the ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time E) the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements
D
3) ______is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. A) Psychiatry B) Sociology C) Social psychology D) Anthropology E) Psychology
E
4) Analyzing relationships, determining causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence, all constitute aspects of ______ study. A) theoretical B) intuitive C) case -based D) organizational E) systematic
A
4) Which of the following most likely indicates surface -level similarity? A) Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together. B) Hannah and Nate are both introspective and tend to be slow to reach decisions. C) Tim and Jake are colleagues who take risks and are quick decision makers. D) The employees at GenSys prefer teamwork over individual assignments. E) Nina and Chuck are colleagues who share similar views on corporate social responsibility.
D
5) Kimberly Ortiz strongly believes in working for a company that promotes diversity. She believes that such organizations are respectful of differences and allow employees more exposure. She recently attended an interview where she was told that the company follows policies that focus on organizational diversity. However, when she finally joined the company, she had a strong feeling that the company's claim was not true. Which of the following, if true, weakens Kimberly's belief that the company does not encourage diversity? A) Eighty-five percent of the top management positions in the company are held by men. B) The previous company she worked for made a conscious effort to employ an equal number of men and women. C) Her team members believe that they are treated equally in spite of differences in performance. D) The workforce is not dominated by any specific ethnic or racial group. E) She is the only African-American member in the entire workforce.
E
5) Which of the following is true regarding systematic study? A) It analyzes relationships based on previous experiences. B) It involves taking action based on instinct. C) It involves supporting decisions based on gut feelings. D) It attributes causes and effects based on intuition. E) It involves analyzing relationships based on scientific data.
A
6) Recent studies show _______ . A) attaining a balance between personal life and work is a primary career goal B) the line between work and non-work is becoming less blurred C) most employees are achieving a better work-life balance D) money and recognition define career success above all else E) the majority of men and women rank autonomy as the number one indicator of career success
D
6) The physical ability that allows a body to maintain equilibrium despite opposing forces is known as ____. A) extent flexibility B) stamina C) body coordination D) balance E) static strength
How many racial groups are there?
7
D
7) Regina George works as a campaign manager in a not-for-profit organization in Hampshire. For the upcoming campaign against genetic engineering, she is networking with managers who are working on the issue of food safety. Through her network of contacts, she strives to gain information about the stakeholders in the food industry and other lobby groups. Which of the following roles is George most likely to be playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles? A) entrepreneur B) resource allocator C) figurehead D) liaison E) leader
D
7) Thurman Inc., a manufacturing company in Vermont, needs to hire employees for its new office in the city. The positions require the employees to travel across the country regularly. The management has specified that they are looking for employees below the age of 40 who are young and dynamic. Which of the following beliefs is the management most likely to hold? A) Younger workers have more experience. B) Younger workers make stronger judgments. C) Younger workers are more committed to quality. D) Younger workers are more flexible to change. E) Younger workers have stronger work ethics.
7)Thurman Inc. a manufacturing company in Vermont, needs to hire employees for its new office in the city. The positions require the employees to travel across the country regularly. The management has specified that they are looking for employees below the age of 40 who are young and dynamic. Which of the following beliefs is the management most likely to hold? A) Younger workers have more experience B) Younger workers make stronger judgments C) Younger workers are more committed to quality D) Younger workers are more flexible to change E) Younger workers have stronger work ethics
7)Younger workers are more flexible to change
C
8) The ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible is known as ______ A) trunk strength B) static strength C) extent flexibility D) balance E) stamina
A
8) Which of the following is not a reality for today's workforce? A) Issues related to well-being have dropped as the number of employees who work at home rises. B) Organizations are asking employees to put in longer hours. C) Employees have fewer outside commitments. D) Many workers never get away from the virtual workplace. E) The line between work and non-work time has become blurred.
What percentage of employees in developed nations work in service jobs?
80%, people skills are a must.
A
9) A market researcher who uses his ability to identify a logical sequence to predict demand for a new line of winter clothing is using the ___ dimension of intellectual ability. A) inductive reasoning B) deductive reasoning C) spatial visualization D) lateral masking E) verbal comprehension
B
9) Which of the following is true regarding work-life balance for a majority of men and women in a recent survey? A) Recognition was cited as the most important, followed by work-life balance, and then money. B) Work-life balance was more important than money, recognition, and autonomy. C) Money was cited as more important that work -life balance. D) Work-life balance was more important than recognition and autonomy, but money was cited as the most important. E) Work-life balance was more important than money, but less important than recognition.
1) Which of the following is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience? A) affect B) emotions C) moods D) emotional labor E) cognition
A
14) ________ is a pure marker of high positive affect. A) Excited B) Serene C) Nervous D) Relaxed E) Bored
A
The two major forms of workforce diversity are ________ and ________. A) surface-level diversity; deep-level diversity B) surface-level diversity; lateral-level diversity C) organizational-level diversity; individual-level diversity D) lateral-level diversity; deep-level diversity E) physical-level diversity; intellectual-level diversity
A
What are the three generally accepted constructs of decision making each of us employs to make determinations? A) rational decision making, bounded rationality, and intuition B) escalation of commitment, risk aversion, and hindsight bias C) utilitarianism, rights, and justice D) expertise, creative-thinking skills, and intrinsic task motivation E) distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency
A
Which of the following can be said to be true of emotion regulation? A) It takes effort to modify one's feelings. B) It is easily achieved. C) It results in long-term positive emotions. D) It helps in building self-esteem. E) It has no negative effects.
A
Which of the following terms describes basic convictions that "a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct?" A) values B) attitudes C) affects D) customs E) traditions
A
which of the follo!ing is true !ith regard to moderating variables in attitude relationships A) Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior. B) eneral attitudes tend to predict particular or specific behaviors. C) Attitudes are less li6el% to be remembered if fre5uentl% e#pressed or tal6ed about. D) $he relationship bet!een an attitude and a behavior is !ea6er if an attitude involves a direct relation to personal e#perience. E) Conflicts between attitudes and behavior occur !hen there are no social pressures.
A one would be more likely to remember attitudes one frequently expresses. so the moreone talks about an attitude on a subject, the more likely one is to remember it, and the more likely it is to shape a behavior
Katherine Connor started her day with a cup of coffee while reading the newspaper. However, something about the day makes her feel low. When she reaches the office, she feels upset and distracted from work although she cannot pinpoint a reason for feeling this way. She continues to feel upset and distracted through the rest of the day. Which of the following is she most likely to be experiencing?
A mood
Katherine Connor started her day with a cup of coffee while reading the newspaper. However, something about the day makes her feel low. When she reaches the office, she feels upset and distracted from work although she cannot pinpoint a reason for feeling this way. She continues to feel upset and distracted through the rest of the day. Which of the following is she most likely to be experiencing? a response a reaction an emotion an attitude a mood
A mood Moods are cognitive in nature and their cause is often general and unclear. They last longer than emotions—for several hours or days. LO: 4.1: Differentiate between emotions and moods.
Mockery
A person who is made fun of because he is an Arab-American is being subjected to what kind of discrimination in the work environment? Mockery Vandalism Cyberstalking Gaslighting Monomania
Which of the following statements is true regarding emotional intelligence?
A person's ability to detect and to manage emotional cues and information.
Which is emotional intelligence? Briefly explain the arguments for and against emotional intelligence
A person's ability to percieve emotions int he self of others, understand the meaning of emotions, reguate one's emotions accordingly in a cascading model For- EI predicts certain measures, study shows it correlates moderately with job performance Against- EI is too ambiguous and difficult to measure
The human resource department of Healthy Eating, a chain of health food stores, recently conducted a survey to analyze employee commitment. Which of the following statements is most likely to indicate a high degree of organizational commitment? A) "I am a great believer in the importance of a healthy diet and this is why I am glad to be working for a company that is trying to make simple, healthy food available to all." B) "I enjoy working for Healthy Eating because of the growth prospects that it offers and the wide range of responsibilities each one of us have." C) "Even though I only work in the production department, it's good to know that my feedback gets considered during our interactive in-house sessions." D) "The challenging nature of the work and the thoughtful and generous way they treat their staff has made Healthy Eating the best place I have ever worked in." E) "My company offers me good perks and benefits."
A) "I am a great believer in the importance of a healthy diet and this is why I am glad to be working for a company that is trying to make simple, healthy food available to all."
The human resource department of Healthy Eating, a chain of health food stores, recently conducted a survey to analyze employee commitment. Which of the following statements is most likely to indicate a high degree of organizational commitment? A) "I am a great believer in the importance of a healthy diet and this is why I am glad to be working for a company that is trying to make simple, healthy food available to all." B) "I enjoy working for Healthy Eating because of the growth prospects that it offers and the wide range of responsibilities each one of us have." C) "Even though I only work in the production department, it's good to know that my feedback gets considered during our interactive in-house sessions." D) "The challenging nature of the work and the thoughtful and generous way they treat their staff has made Healthy Eating the best place I have ever worked in." E) "My company offers me good perks and benefits."
A) "I am a great believer in the importance of a healthy diet and this is why I am glad to be working for a company that is trying to make simple, healthy food available to all."
________ is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. A) Anthropology B) Deontology C) Epistemology D) Agnotology E) Dysteleology
A) Anthropology
16) Which of the following is the best example of the use of intimidation? A) Anya's boss Kira sets difficult targets and hints that Anya may lose her job if she doesn't meet them. B) Jill's manager Steve rarely considers her business ideas, but he consistently praises the contributions of Jill's colleague Emily. C) Natasha's colleagues often make jokes using cultural or ethnic stereotypes. D) Although Kathleen had spent a longer time in the organization, her colleague Gary was promoted to a management position. E) Jane's colleagues recently forgot to invite her to a team lunch, a fact that caused her great distress.
A) Anya's boss, Kira, sets difficult targets and hints that Anya may lose her job if she doesn't meet them.
________ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events. A) Attitude B) Behavior C) Appearance D) Demeanor E) Performance
A) Attitude
Which of the following is true of moderating variables in attitude relationships? A) Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior. B) General attitudes tend to predict particular or specific behaviors. C) Attitudes are less likely to be remembered if frequently expressed or talked about. D) The relationship between an attitude and a behavior is weaker if an attitude involves a direct relation to personal experience. E) Conflicts between attitudes and behavior occur when there are no social pressures.
A) Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior
Which of the following is true with regard to moderating variables in attitude relationships? A) Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior. B) General attitudes tend to predict particular or specific behaviors. C) Attitudes are less likely to be remembered if frequently expressed or talked about. D) The relationship between an attitude and a behavior is weaker if an attitude involves a direct relation to personal experience. E) Conflicts between attitudes and behavior occur when there are no social pressures.
A) Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior.
Which of the following is true with regard to moderating variables in attitude relationships? A) Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior. B) General attitudes tend to predict particular or specific behaviors. C) Attitudes are less likely to be remembered if frequently expressed or talked about. D) The relationship between an attitude and a behavior is weaker if an attitude involves a direct relation to personal experience. E) Conflicts between attitudes and behavior occur when there are no social pressures.
A) Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior.
Lesley Torres is a project manager for the campaign "Action against Deforestation in Indonesia." She recently faced a glitch when the campaign could not be launched publicly according to schedule. Torres monitored the schedule to find the cause of the delay before speeding up the implementation process by allocating more members for the implementation phase. By doing this, which of the following functions is she performing? A) controlling B) planning C) formulating D) leading E) organizing
A) Controlling
39) ________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which involves using logic to assess the implications of an argument. A) Deductive reasoning B) Spatial visualization C) Haptic perception D) Multistable perception E) Lateral masking
A) Deductive reasoning
Which of the following is a characteristic of emotions? A) Emotions are reactions to a person or event. B) Emotions last for a longer time period than moods. C) Emotions are never action-oriented in nature. D) Emotions lack a contextual stimulus. E) Emotions involve less intense feelings than moods.
A) Emotions are reactions to a person or event
________ is a key independent variable in positive organizational behavior research. A) Engagement B) Apathy C) Despair D) Constraint E) Pessimism
A) Engagement
360.org, an organization working toward curbing climate change, recently conducted an interview with Jessica for the position of a public relations officer. However, interviewers Brenda and Laura are divided over whether Jessica should be given the job. Brenda believes that Jessica does not have in-depth knowledge about the issue of global warming and its impact. On the other hand, Laura feels that Jessica would be perfect for the job because she has strong networking and interpersonal skills. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen Laura's argument? A) Gaining the support of corporate giants would comprise a large part of the job. B) Jessica will need to prepare extensive reports about the issue of climate change. C) The role will require Jessica to give presentations to environmental experts on renewable modes of energy. D) Jessica had negligible experience in research and development. E) Jessica has weak analytical skills to solve problems associated with implementing options of renewable energy.
A) Gaining the support of corporate giants would comprise a large part of the job.
48) ________ refers to an overall factor of intelligence as suggested by the positive correlations among specific intellectual ability dimensions. A) General mental ability B) Malleable intelligence C) Extelligence D) The Flynn effect E) Virtual memory
A) General mental ability
The human resource department of Healthy Eating, a chain of health food stores, recently conducted a survey to analyze employee commitment. Which of the following statements is most likely to indicate a high degree of organizational commitment? A) I am a great believer in the importance of a healthy diet and this is why I am glad to be working for a company that is trying to make simple, healthy food available to all. B) I enjoy working for Healthy Eating because of the growth prospects that it offers and the wide range of responsibilities each one of us has. C) Even though I only work in the production department, it's good to know that my feedback gets considered during our interactive in-house sessions. D) The challenging nature of the work and the thoughtful and generous way the firm treats its staff has made Healthy Eating the best place I have ever worked in. E) My company offers me good perks and benefits.
A) I am a great believer in the importance of a healthy diet and this is why I am glad to be working for a company that is trying to make simple, healthy food available to all.
Which of the following statements represents a person's job attitude? A) I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills. B) I believe my work has a direct impact on the processes of the organization. C) I believe my work performance indicates my calibre and potential. D) I agree with the organization about its commitment to the environment. E) I believe in the organization's objectives about supporting the underprivileged.
A) I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me home my networking skills
Which of the following statements represents a person's job attitude? A) I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills. B) I believe my work has a direct impact on the processes of the organization. C) I believe my work performance indicates my caliber and potential. D) I agree with the organization about its commitment to the environment. E) I believe in the organization's objectives about supporting the underprivileged.
A) I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills.
Which of the following statements represents a person's job attitude? A) I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills. B) I believe my work has a direct impact on the processes of the organization. C) I believe my work performance indicates my calibre and potential. D) I agree with the organization about its commitment to the environment. E) I believe in the organization's objectives about supporting the underprivileged.
A) I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills.
Which of the following statements represents a person's job attitude? A) I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills. B) I believe my work has a direct impact on the processes of the organization. C) I believe my work performance indicates my caliber and potential. D) I agree with the organization about its commitment to the environment. E) I believe in the organization's objectives about supporting the underprivileged.
A) I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills.
Which of the following statements is an example of the behavioral component of an attitude? A) I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department. B) I am thrilled to know that the human resource department is looking for a climate campaigner. C) The position of a climate campaigner is challenging and interesting. D) The position of a climate campaigner will allow me to explore my skills as a campaigner. E) I think the position of a climate campaigner involves extensive travel.
A) I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department
Which of the following statements is an example of the behavioral component of an attitude? A) I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department. B) I am thrilled to know that the human resource department is looking for a climate campaigner. C) The position of a climate campaigner is challenging and interesting. D) The position of a climate campaigner will allow me to explore my skills as a campaigner. E) I think the position of a climate campaigner involves extensive travel.
A) I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department
Which of the following statements is an example of the behavioral component of an attitude? A) I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department. B) I am thrilled to know that the human resource department is looking for a climate campaigner. C) The position of a climate campaigner is challenging and interesting. D) The position of a climate campaigner will allow me to explore my skills as a campaigner. E) I think the position of a climate campaigner involves extensive travel.
A) I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department.
________ refers to a gut feeling not necessarily supported by research. A) Intuition B) Reasoning C) Rationality D) Logic E) Inference
A) Intuition
4)Which of the following most likely indicates surface -level similarity? A) Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together. B) Hannah and Nate are both introspective and tend to be slow to reach decisions. C) Tim and Jake are colleagues who take risks and are quick decision makers. D) The employees at GenSys prefer teamwork over individual assignments. E) Nina and Chuck are colleagues who share similar views on corporate social responsibility.
A) Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together.
________ refers to a positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its A) Job satisfaction B) Job design C) Positivity offset D) Constructive dismissal E) Picketing
A) Job satisfaction
________ refers to a positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics. A) Job satisfaction B) Job design C) Positivity offset D) Constructive dismissal E) Picketing
A) Job satisfaction
________ is an example of an outcome at the organizational level. A) Profitability B) Diversity C) Personality D) Mood E) Culture
A) Profitability
18) Which of the following is the best example of mockery as a tool of discriminatory treatment in organizations? A) Rifka's supervisor often stereotypes Rifka because of her ethnic heritage and makes jokes about her ethnicity. B) Because she is considerably older than the rest of her team, Hannah's colleagues often do not invite her to team lunches or informal team get-togethers. C) Joan's boss sets impossible targets and reprimands her in front of her colleagues if she fails to complete them on time. D) Sheena is the only African-American employee in her department and often feels left out of office jokes and gossip. E) Most of Leanne's co-workers are male and share inappropriate jokes at the office.
A) Rifka's supervisor often stereotypes Rifka because of her ethnic heritage and makes jokes about her ethnicity.
Which of the following statements is true about measuring job satisfaction? A) The single global rating system is not very time consuming. B) The summation of job facets approach takes into account cognitive dissonance experienced by employees. C) The summation of job facets approach prevents managers from zeroing in on problems. D) The summation of job facets approach involves responding to one particular question. E) The single global rating approach is rarely used for measuring job satisfaction.
A) The single global rating system is not very time consuming.
Which of the following statements is true about measuring job satisfaction? A) The single global rating system is not very time consuming. B) The summation of job facets approach takes into account cognitive dissonance experienced by employees. C) The summation of job facets approach prevents managers from zeroing in on problems. D) The summation of job facets approach involves responding to one particular question. E) The single global rating approach is rarely used for measuring job satisfaction.
A) The single global rating system is not very time consuming.
Which of the following is true regarding contingency variables? A) They refer to situational factors that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. B) They make simple, accurate, and sweeping generalizations about concepts in organizational behavior. C) They indicate that everyone is motivated by money and financial perks. D) They refer to scientific factors which are based on universal truths. E) They remain constant irrespective of any change in the environment.
A) They refer to situational factors that moderate the relationship between two or more variables.
49) The ________ is the most widely used intelligence test in hiring decisions and takes only twelve minutes to be completed. A) Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test B) Ammons Quick Test C) Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales D) Kohs block design test E) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
A) Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test
Which of the following is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience? A) affect B) knowledge C) insight D) attention E) cognition
A) affect
Which of the following is one of the six essentially universal emotions agreed on by a majority of researchers? A) anger B) shame C) apathy D) indifference E) distress
A) anger
Myriam is analyzing the gender roles of men and women in management in the United States and comparing them to the gender roles in management in Japan. She is surveying fifty male and fifty female managers in each country to compare their daily behavior. Myriam's study exemplifies how ________ contributes to OB. A) anthropology B) psychology C) archaeology D) political science E) corporate strategy
A) anthropology
________ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events. A) Attitude B) Behavior C) Appearance D) Demeanor E) Performance
A) attitude
The statement, "A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrates double standards" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude. A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive
A) cognitive
The statement, "A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrates double standards" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude. A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive
A) cognitive
Anna Jonas owns a manufacturing firm in Indonesia and strongly believes that it is important that workers' rights be respected. However, because of the recent economic meltdown, she makes the management pay workers a wage which is below ethical standards. In addition, the working conditions are below standards because of low investment in safety equipment. She knows her actions are unethical but continues to do so to avoid major losses. Jonas is most likely to be experiencing ________. A) cognitive dissonance B) emotional contagion C) ethical evasion D) self-concordance E) positivity offset
A) cognitive dissonance
Anna Jonas owns a manufacturing firm in Indonesia and strongly believes that it is important that workers' rights be respected. However, because of the recent economic meltdown, she makes the management pay workers a wage which is below ethical standards. In addition, the working conditions are below standards because of low investment in safety equipment. She knows her actions are unethical but continues to do so to avoid major losses. Jonas is most likely to be experiencing ________. A) cognitive dissonance B) emotional contagion C) ethical evasion D) self-concordance E) positivity offset
A) cognitive dissonance
Which of the following functions do managers undertake as part of planning functions? A) defining an organization's goals B) implementing strategies for achieving goals C) executing plans to integrate activities D) accomplishing goals of a project E) employing strategies to coordinate tasks
A) defining an organization's goals
Jonathan Cowan is upset because he was passed over for a promotion he had really worked hard for. In response to his anger toward the manager and the company, he has started gossiping about the manager with his colleagues and assigning blame on him unnecessarily. Jonathan's behavior is an example of ________. A) deviant workplace behavior B) distinction bias C) cognitive dissonance D) positivity offset E) emotional dissonance
A) deviant workplace behavior
Tiffany Crowe works as a showroom executive at a clothing boutique in London. Today, she is in a positive mood and instantly greets and smiles at a customer who walks into the store. The customer feels welcomed by her response. While browsing the store, Crowe helps the customer with products and passes on her positive mood to the customer. The customer leaves the store feeling content with a smile on her face. Which of the following best describes this situation? A) emotional contagion B) positivity offset C) cognitive dissonance D) framing effect E) bandwagon effect
A) emotional contagion
Which of the following terms refers to a person's ability to detect and to manage emotional cues and information? A) emotional intelligence B) self-concordance C) emotional spectrum D) illusory correlation E) cognitive dissonance
A) emotional intelligence
A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work is known as ________. A) emotional labor B) self-concordance C) emotional liability D) negative affect E) cognitive deviance
A) emotional labor
________ are caused by a specific event, are very brief, and accompanied by distinct facial expressions. A) Emotions B) Perceptions C) Attitudes D) Moods E) Reactions
A) emotions
An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work he/she performs is known as ________. A) employee engagement B) cognitive dissonance C) emotional contagion D) positivity offset E) self-concordance
A) employee engagement
An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for, the work he performs is known as ________. A) employee engagement B) cognitive dissonance C) emotional contagion D) positivity offset E) self-concordance
A) employee engagement
An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for, the work he performs is known as ________. A) employee engagement B) cognitive dissonance C) emotional contagion D) positivity offset E) self-concordance
A) employee engagement
Job dissatisfaction and antagonistic relationships with co-workers predict a variety of behaviors organizations find undesirable, including unionization attempts, substance abuse, undue socializing, and tardiness. These behaviors are indicators of a broader syndrome called ________. A) employee withdrawal B) organizational commitment C) job involvement D) cognitive dissonance E) positivity offset
A) employee withdrawal
Job dissatisfaction and antagonistic relationships with co-workers predict a variety of behaviors organizations find undesirable, including unionization attempts, substance abuse, undue socializing, and tardiness. These behaviors are indicators of a broader syndrome called ________. A) employee withdrawal B) organizational commitment C) job involvement D) cognitive dissonance E) positivity offset
A) employee withdrawal
Which of the following groups appears to have the highest levels of job satisfaction? A) employees in the United States and Western Europe B) employees in Eastern Europe C) employees in most Asian countries D) employees in Canada and the United States E) employees in Mexico and Venezuela
A) employees in the United States and Western Europe
Whether a candidate has high emotional intelligence would be a significant factor when considering a candidate for the job of a(n) ________. A) event planner who needs to coordinate with several people B) engineer working on developing a software program C) web researcher who needs to consolidate online travel information D) copy-editor who checks spelling and grammatical errors in manuscripts E) technical writer who needs to create a 1000 word article everyday
A) event planner who needs to coordinate with several people
Maria Womack who worked for a bank in Michigan was dissatisfied with the way her manager treated her. She is planning to quit her job and find a new position with another competitor bank. Her action represents the ________ response. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance
A) exit
Maria Womack works for a bank in Michigan and is dissatisfied with the way her manager treats her. She is planning to quit her job and find a new position with another competitor bank. Her action represents the ________ response. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance
A) exit
Which of the following is a cause of work-life conflicts? A) global organizations B) sensemaking C) privatization of essential industries D) downshifting E) use of self-managed teams
A) global organizations
Which of the following is most likely to be related to reduced absences and lower resignation rates? A) high job involvement B) high cognitive dissonance C) low psychological empowerment D) low organizational commitment E) high emotional contagion
A) high job involvement
Which of the following is most likely to be related to reduced absences and lower resignation rates? A) high job involvement B) high cognitive dissonance C) low psychological empowerment D) low organizational commitment E) high emotional contagion
A) high job involvement
Which of the following is most likely to be related to reduced absences and lower resignation rates? A) high job involvement B) high cognitive dissonance C) low psychological empowerment D) low organizational commitment E) high emotional contagion
A) high job involvement
The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, may be defined as ________. A) human skills B) technical skills C) conceptual skills D) cognitive skills E) analytical skills
A) human skills
9) A market researcher who uses his ability to identify a logical sequence to predict demand for a new line of winter clothing is using the dimension of intellectual ability. A) inductive reasoning B) deductive reasoning C) spatial visualization D) lateral masking E) verbal comprehension
A) inductive reasoning
________ refers to a positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics. A) Job satisfaction B) Job design C) Positivity offset D) Constructive dismissal E) Picketing
A) job satisfaction
For which of the following jobs is it most likely to be important to hire employees with high emotional intelligence? A) jobs which require customer service skills B) jobs which need strong technical skills C) jobs which require the ability to work independently D) jobs which require good critical thinking skills E) jobs which require good writing skills
A) jobs which require customer service skills
Ellen Ortiz works as a sales manager at a telecom firm. The company has recently launched a new product in the market. Her work in the next few weeks involves sharing knowledge about the product with her team members. She will also need to inspire them to reach their sales targets and clarify any doubts about the new product. Which of the following roles is Ortiz playing? A) leader B) liaison C) disseminator D) spokesperson E) negotiator
A) leader
Heather Donahue who works as a receptionist at a finance firm in New Jersey has been dissatisfied with her job for several months now. She finds the job uninteresting because of its monotonous nature where all she needs to do is receive calls. During work hours, she often experiences emotions such as tiredness, weariness, and boredom. Which of the following mood dimensions is she most likely to be experiencing? A) low positive affect B) neutral affect C) low negative affect D) high positive affect E) high negative affect
A) low positive affect
Which of the following is a type of response to dissatisfaction that is constructive and passive? A) loyalty B) neglect C) voice D) reflect E) exit
A) loyalty
Which of the following is a type of response to dissatisfaction that is constructive and passive? A) loyalty B) neglect C) voice D) reflect E) exit
A) loyalty
Christina Hutchins was recently recruited by a publishing firm in Manhattan. During her first month in the job, she demonstrated positive core self-evaluations. Which of the following did she most likely do? A) mentioned that she was confident about her basic competence B) expressed dissatisfied with the nature of work C) set less ambiguous goals and objectives D) gave up easily on tasks when faced with difficulties E) did not consider her work as challenging and fulfilling
A) mentioned that she was confident about her basic competence
Christina Hutchins was recently recruited by a publishing firm in Manhattan. During her first month in the job, she demonstrated positive core self-evaluations. Which of the following did she most likely do? A) mentioned that she was confident about her basic competence B) expressed dissatisfied with the nature of work C) set less ambiguous goals and objectives D) gave up easily on tasks when faced with difficulties E) did not consider her work as challenging and fulfilling
A) mentioned that she was confident about her basic competence
A(n) ________ is an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon. A) model B) input C) process D) outcome E) objective
A) model
A common characteristic of service jobs is that they ________. A) need substantial interaction with an organization's customers B) offer much higher pay in comparison with other non-service jobs C) have fewer working hours than other jobs D) require very little job knowledge compared to other jobs E) provide more perks and benefits to employees
A) need substantial interaction with an organization's customers
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, which of the following is a kind of decisional role? A) negotiator B) disseminator C) liaison D) spokesperson E) monitor
A) negotiator
Which of the following terms best describes organizations that allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart? A) networked organizations B) hierarchical organizations C) matrix organizations D) stable organizations E) flat organizations
A) networked organizations
According to Fred Luthans and his associates' study of 450 managers, ________ made the largest contribution to the success of managers in terms of speed of promotion within their organization. A) networking B) decision making C) planning D) controlling E) staffing
A) networking
46) Lorna Perry, who works in a financial firm in Michigan, is required to calculate a large number of clients' accounts daily. She needs to tally figures and check accuracy at a high speed. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does Perry most likely use? A) number aptitude B) perpetual speed C) extent flexibility D) visual perception E) deductive reasoning
A) number aptitude
By 2020, the 55-and-older age group of the U.S. labor force will represent approximately ________ of the total labor force. A) one-quarter B) one-third C) one-half D) two-thirds E) three-quarters
A) one-quarter
Which of the following is an example of a sedentary activity that does not play a crucial role in increasing positive mood? A) playing video games at home B) going for a hike in the mountains C) going on a ski vacation D) eating a meal with family members E) going to a party with friends
A) playing video games at home
Which of the following is one of the three variables proposed by a basic OB model which refers to actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs? A) processes B) scrutinization C) planning D) association E) evaluation
A) processes
Employees' beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their job, and their perceived autonomy is termed as ________. A) psychological empowerment B) organizational dissent C) organizational commitment D) employee engagement E) secondary action
A) psychological empowerment
Employees' beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their job, and their perceived autonomy is termed as ________. A) psychological empowerment B) organizational dissent C) organizational commitment D) employee engagement E) secondary action
A) psychological empowerment
Employees' beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their jobs, and their perceived autonomy is termed as ________. A) psychological empowerment B) organizational dissent C) organizational commitment D) employee engagement E) secondary action
A) psychological empowerment
Austin Reed is a graduate student helping to organize a study on individual job satisfaction. The study focuses on the top five causes of satisfaction or dissatisfaction on the job. His department is surveying 200 individuals in 100 different types of organizations. Austin is most likely a graduate student in the department of ________. A) psychology B) anthropology C) political science D) entomology E) archaeology
A) psychology
Which of the following is an example of deviant workplace behavior? A) sabotaging one's organization's computers B) taking blame for not achieving a deadline C) putting forward one's views in a brainstorming session D) working during the weekend to make up for backlog E) requesting a two-day leave during Christmas
A) sabotaging one's organization's computers
Which of the following disciplines blends concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on people's influence on one another? A) social psychology B) cosmology C) parapsychology D) lexicology E) eschatology
A) social psychology
Which of the following fields of study is most likely to involve studying organizational culture, formal organization theory, and structure? A) sociology B) deontology C) epistemology D) agnotology E) dysteleology
A) sociology
The role of a(n) ________, according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, is to transmit information to outsiders about an organization's plans, policies, actions, and results and to serve as an expert in the organization's industry. A) spokesperson B) disturbance handler C) entrepreneur D) leader E) liaison
A) spokesperson
58) The physical ability that allows a body to continue maximum effort at maintaining prolonged effort over time is known as ________. A) stamina B) extent flexibility C) static strength D) body coordination E) balance
A) stamina
40) Which of the following best describes spatial visualization? A) the ability to imagine how an object would look if its position were changed B) the ability to retain and recall or remember past experiences C) the ability to identify visual similarities and differences quickly and accurately D) the ability to understand what is read or heard and the relation between words E) the ability to calculate numbers in a speedy and accurate manner
A) the ability to imagine how an object would look if its position were changed
Organizational commitment is defined as ________. A) the degree to which employees identify with the organization they work for and its goals B) the state of discord caused by opposition of values between people working together C) the degree to which an employee's sense of cognitive dissonance is related to their job D) the employee's degree of disagreement or differential opinions about organizational practices E) the degree to which employees believe their work impacts their organization significantly
A) the degree to which employees identify with the organization they work for and its goals
Organizational commitment is defined as ________. A) the degree to which employees identify with the organization they work for and its goals B) the state of discord caused by opposition of values between people working together C) the degree to which an employee's sense of cognitive dissonance is related to his/her job D) the employee's degree of disagreement or differential opinions about organizational practices E) the degree to which employees believe their work impacts their organization significantly
A) the degree to which employees identify with the organization they work for and its goals
Organizational commitment is defined as ________. A) the degree to which employees identify with the organization they work for and its goals B) the state of discord caused by opposition of values between people working together C) the degree to which an employee's sense of cognitive dissonance is related to their job D) the employee's degree of disagreement or differential opinions about organizational practices E) the degree to which employees believe their work impacts their organization significantly
A) the degree to which employees identify with the organization they work for and its goals
People often behave in ways that violate established norms and threaten the organization, its members, or both. Such actions are called ________. A) workplace deviant behaviors B) social alienation behaviors C) role engulfment D) behavioral contagion E) behavioral modernity
A) workplace deviant behaviors
2)The human resources department of Orbit Bank believes in being unbiased toward all employees and treating them fairly. They believe it is crucial that the company treat all their employees equally. However Susan Daniels, an employee at the bank, recently filed a lawsuit against the company, claiming that she was discriminated against. Which of the following, if true, best justifies Susan's action? A) She was given the same incentives as her colleagues in spite of performing better than them. B) She had faced a similar situation of discrimination in her previous company. C) The company did not give her preferential treatment even though she was from the host country. D) She was asked whether she was over eighteen during the first round in the interview process. E) Her colleagues expressed their dissatisfaction over their pay and severance packages.
A)She was given the same incentives as her colleagues in spite of performing better than them.
35) ________ may be defined as an individual's current capacity to perform the various tasks in a job. A) Ability B) Age C) Duty D) Role E) Tenure
Ability
How do Mintzberg's roles of a liaison, spokesperson, and entrepreneur differ from one another? Explain.
According to Mintzberg's managerial roles, a person with the role of a liaison has an interpersonal role. The role involves maintaining a network of outside contacts who provide favors and information. The role of a spokesperson, on the other hand, is an informational role. It involves transmitting information to outsiders on organization plans, policies, actions, and results. This person serves as an expert on the organization's industry. In contrast, the role of an entrepreneur is a decisional role. It deals with searching organizations and its environment for opportunities and initiating projects to bring about change.
Ethnicity
Additional set of cultural characteristics that intertwine with race.
Which of the following is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience?
Affect
Which of the following is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience? affect knowledge insight attention cognition
Affect Affect is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings people experience, including both emotions and moods. Emotions are intense feelings directed at someone or something. Moods are less intense feelings than emotions and often, though not always, lack a contextual stimulus. LO: 4.1: Differentiate between emotions and moods.
________ refers to individual differences in strength with which individuals experience their emotions
Affect intensity
Ben often experiences emotions in a much stronger manner than most of his other colleagues. Events that do not provoke any significant emotional response from another person send him into fits of happiness, anger, or depression. In view of such a situation, Ben is displaying a high level of ________.
Affect intensity - individual differences in the strength with which individuals experience their emotions.
________ refers to individual differences in strength with which individuals experience their emotions.
Affect intensity.
23) Explain the differences between the following terms: affect, emotions, and moods.
Affect is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience. It's an umbrella concept that encompasses both emotions and moods. Emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. Finally, moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and which lack a contextual stimulus.
What are affect, emotions, and moods?
Affect- a broad, generic term including a range of feelings people experience Emotions- direct intense feelings direct at someone or something Mood- less intense feelings than emotion are often lack a contextual stimulus
________ refers to a model which suggests that workplace events cause emotional reactions on the part of employees, which then influence workplace attitudes and behaviors.
Affective Events Theory (AET)
________ refers to a model which suggests that workplace events cause emotional reactions on the part of employees, which then influence workplace attitudes and behaviors
Affective events theory
What does surface level diversity include?
Age, race, sex, tenure, gender, disability
Compare and contrast the fields of psychology, social psychology, and sociology.
All three fields deal with human behavior. While psychology focuses on the individual, sociology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture. Social psychology blends concepts from both psychology and sociology, though it is generally considered a branch of psychology. It focuses on people's influence on one another. Thus, it could be said that social psychology falls between the extremes of the individual focus of psychology and the large group focus of sociology.
Ashley Madison works as a receptionist at a fashion magazine. One morning, her boss walks into the office and yells at her, telling her that the front office is a mess and she needs to clean it immediately. After her boss leaves the room, Madison goes to the front office and violently slams trash into the bin. Which of the following best describes Madison's anger?
An emotion
Ashley Madison works as a receptionist at a fashion magazine. One morning, her boss walks into the office and yells at her, telling her that the front office is a mess and she needs to clean it immediately. After her boss leaves the room, Madison goes to the front office and violently slams trash into the bin. Which of the following best describes Madison's anger? a recognition an insight a mood an emotion a perception
An emotion Madison is experiencing an intense feeling of anger, which is an emotion directed toward her boss. Emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something and are more likely to be caused by a specific event. LO: 4.1: Differentiate between emotions and moods.
Ashley Madison works as a receptionist at a fashion magazine. One morning, her boss walks into the office and yells at her, telling her that the front office is a mess and she needs to clean it immediately. After her boss leaves the room, Madison goes to the front office and violently slams trash into the bin. Which of the following best describes Madison's anger?
An emotion-Madison is experiencing an intense feeling of anger, which is an emotion directed toward her boss. Emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something and are more likely to be caused by a specific event.
Which of the following is one of six essentially universal emotions agreed on by a majority of researchers?
Anger
Which of the following is one of the six essentially universal emotions agreed on by a majority of researchers? anger shame apathy indifference distress
Anger Many researchers agree on six essentially universal emotions. These comprise anger, fear, sadness, happiness, disgust, and surprise. LO: 4.1: Differentiate between emotions and moods.
Which of the following is the best example of the use of intimidation?
Answer : Anya's boss Kira sets difficult targets and hints that Anya may lose her job if she doesn't meet them. Explanation of Answer : Intimidation is a kind of discrimination which refers to overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees.
Which of the following best defines organizational behavior?
Answer : It is a field which is not influenced by factors in the external world. Explanation of Answer : Organizational behavior refers to the study of what people do in an organization and how their behavior affects the organization's performance.
________ refers to basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific proof.
Answer : Knowledge management Explanation of Answer : The basing of managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence can be termed as evidence-based management.
Raylon Inc. is in the process of recruiting a new Operations Manager. The Human Resources team has narrowed the candidate list down to two candidates, but cannot come to an agreement about whom to hire. Though both candidates have the relevant qualifications for the post, one will soon be 60 years old. The other candidate is in his early thirties. Rachel, a member of the HR team, recommends hiring the older candidate, citing his years of experience and leadership ability. Tim, on the other hand, strongly recommends that the company hire the younger candidate, as he is likely to be more flexible when it comes to working. Which of the following, if true, will most strengthen Rachel's argument?
Answer : Most of the employees the Operations Manager will be supervising are under 30 years of age. Explanation of Answer : The fact that most of the employees the Operations Manager will supervise are under 30 indicates that the leadership ability of the older candidate will be a valuable asset. The frequent travel requirements favor the younger candidate and work against the argument. The statistics of higher absenteeism rates for older employees favor the younger candidate. The ages of the company's top managers are irrelevant to the argument. The new technology might make the older candidate's experience worthless and would favor the younger candidate.
________ refers to the ability to exert force against external objects.
Answer : Static strength Explanation of Answer : Dynamic flexibility refers to the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements. It is one of the nine types of physical abilities which research on hundreds of jobs have identified.
Which of the following is true of contingency variables?
Answer : They remain constant irrespective of any change in the environment. Explanantion of Answer : Contingency variables refer to situational factors that moderate the relationship between two or more variables.
The ________ is the most widely used intelligence test in hiring decisions and takes only twelve minutes to be completed.
Answer : Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test. Explanation of Answer : The Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test is the most widely used intelligence test in hiring decisions which takes only twelve minutes to be completed.
Austin Reed is a graduate student helping to organize a study on individual job satisfaction. The study focuses on the top five causes of satisfaction or dissatisfaction on the job. His department is surveying 200 individuals in 100 different types of organizations. Austin is most likely a graduate student in the department of ________.
Answer : archaeology Explanation of Answer : Because Austin's study focuses on the causes of individual job satisfaction, he is most likely conducting the study through the department of psychology. Psychology is defined as a the science which seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and it focuses on the individual.
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to transmit information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization.
Answer : disseminator Explanation of Answer : According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a disseminator is to transmit information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization.
Which of the following is an example of a process at the organizational level?
Answer : team responsibilities Explanation of Answer : Processes are actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes. At the organizational level, human resource management and change of practices are examples of processes.
33) ________ refers to a gut feeling not necessarily supported by research. A) Intuition B) Reasoning C) Rationality D) Logic E) Inference
Answer: A Explanation: A) A gut feeling not necessarily supported by research is known as intuition.
37) ________ is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. A) Anthropology B) Deontology C) Epistemology D) Agnotology E) Dysteleology
Answer: A Explanation: A) Anthropology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.
39) Austin Reed is a graduate student helping to organize a study on individual job satisfaction. The study focuses on the top five causes of satisfaction or dissatisfaction on the job. His department is surveying 200 individuals in 100 different types of organizations. Austin is most likely a graduate student in the department of ________. A) psychology B) anthropology C) political science D) entomology E) archaeology
Answer: A Explanation: A) Because Austin's study focuses on the causes of individual job satisfaction, he is most likely conducting the study through the department of psychology. Psychology is defined as a the science which seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and it focuses on the individual.
42) Which of the following is true of contingency variables? A) They refer to situational factors that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. B) They make simple, accurate, and sweeping generalizations about concepts in organizational behavior. C) They indicate that everyone is motivated by money and financial perks. D) They refer to scientific factors which are based on universal truths. E) They remain constant irrespective of any change in the environment.
Answer: A Explanation: A) Contingency variables refer to situational factors that moderate the relationship between two or more variables.
58) Which of the following is a cause of work-life conflicts? A) global organizations B) sensemaking C) privatization of essential industries D) downshifting E) use of self-managed teams
Answer: A Explanation: A) Creation of global organizations means that the world never sleeps. This affects employees' work-life balance.
41) Myriam is analyzing the gender roles of men and women in management in the United States and comparing them to the gender roles in management in Japan. She is surveying fifty male and fifty female managers in each country to compare their daily behavior. Myriam's study exemplifies how ________ contributes to OB. A) anthropology B) psychology C) archaeology D) political science E) corporate strategy
Answer: A Explanation: A) Myriam is an anthropologist. Much of our current understanding of organizational culture, organizational environments, and differences among national cultures is a result of the work of anthropologists or those using their methods.
55) Which of the following terms best describes organizations that allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart? A) networked organizations B) hierarchical organizations C) matrix organizations D) stable organizations E) flat organizations
Answer: A Explanation: A) Networked organizations allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart.
60) ________ is a key independent variable in positive organizational behavior research. A) Engagement B) Apathy C) Despair D) Constraint E) Pessimism
Answer: A Explanation: A) Positive organizational scholarships study how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential. Some key independent variables in positive OB research are engagement, hope, optimism, and resilience in the face of strain.
35) Which of the following disciplines blends concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on people's influence on one another? A) social psychology B) cosmology C) parapsychology D) lexicology E) eschatology
Answer: A Explanation: A) Social psychology, generally considered a branch of psychology, blends concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on peoples' influence on one another. One major study area is change which involves how to implement it and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance.
38) Which of the following fields of study is most likely to involve studying organizational culture, formal organization theory and structure? A) sociology B) deontology C) epistemology D) agnotology E) dysteleology
Answer: A Explanation: A) Sociologists study organizational culture, formal organization theory and structure, organizational technology, communications, power, and conflict.
51) A common characteristic of service jobs is that they ________. A) need substantial interaction with an organization's customers B) offer much higher pay in comparison with other non-service jobs C) have fewer working hours than other jobs D) require very little job knowledge compared to other jobs E) provide more perks and benefits to employees
Answer: A Explanation: A) The common characteristic of service jobs is substantial interaction with an organization's customers.
54) Which of the following should employees undertake to deal with "temporariness" in the modern work climate? A) continually update their knowledge and skills to perform new job requirements B) be prepared to work in the same position for longer periods of time C) have closer connections with peers and subordinates D) avoid unpredictable situations to avert taking risks E) engage in organizational politicking
Answer: A Explanation: A) Today's managers and employees must learn to cope with temporariness, flexibility, spontaneity, and unpredictability.Workers must continually update their knowledge and skills to perform new job requirements.
46) Managers who oversee the movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor are most likely to ________. A) provide poor customer service B) face opposition from labor groups C) manage a culturally homogeneous workforce D) operate in niche markets E) lose competitive advantage by exporting jobs
Answer: B Explanation: B) In a global economy, jobs tend to flow where lower costs give businesses a comparative advantage, though labor groups, politicians, and local community leaders see the exporting of jobs as undermining the job market at home. Managers face the difficult task of balancing the interests of their organization with their responsibilities to the communities in which they operate.
26) Which of the following best defines organizational behavior? A) It involves the study of groups of people coming together for collective bargaining. B) It involves the study of what people do in a company and how it affects the company's output. C) It involves analyzing different people in an industry with independent profit-centered motives. D) It involves developing exclusively the knowledge of managers and senior -level employees. E) It is a field which is not influenced by factors in the external world.
Answer: B Explanation: B) Organizational behavior refers to the study of what people do in an organization and how their behavior affects the organization's performance.
40) You are bringing together faculty from different behavioral disciplines to author a new textbook in organizational behavior. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and industrial engineering.Which faculty member is most likely to furnish information about personality, learning, and motivation? A) sociology B) psychology C) anthropology D) political science E) industrial engineering
Answer: B Explanation: B) Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. Psychology's focus on the individual has led to contributions in the areas of learning, personality, emotions, motivational forces, and more.
36) Which of the following is a difference between sociology and psychology? A) Sociology studies humans and animals whereas psychology focuses exclusively on humans. B) Sociology studies people in relation to their social culture whereas psychology focuses on the individual. C) Sociology incorporates research from social sciences, philosophy, and natural sciences; psychology does not. D) Sociology uses various methods of empirical investigation whereas psychology uses limited critical analyses. E) Sociology uses only qualitative techniques whereas psychology uses both qualitative and quantitative techniques.
Answer: B Explanation: B) While psychology focuses on the individual, sociology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture.
49) ________ refers to the heterogeneity of organizations in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse groups. A) Workforce associability B) Workforce diversity C) Cultural similarity D) Organizational congruity E) Operational homogeneity
Answer: B Explanation: B) Workforce diversity refers to the heterogeneity of organizations in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse groups.
48) Gould Furniture is one of the leading furniture companies in Indonesia. In the past, the company had a homogeneous workforce of Indonesian employees. The company is desperate to cut operating and manufacturing costs and hence is considering outsourcing part of the manufacturing process to low-cost Taiwan. However, local community leaders across the country are opposing this decision strongly. They believe that exporting jobs to other countries is detrimental to their country in every way possible. Which of the following, if true, is the flaw in the local community leaders' opinion? A) The country has one of the lowest rates of employment in Asia. B) Over 85 percent of Indonesia's revenue comes from agriculture. C) The furniture market contributes to 20 percent of deforestation in the country. D) The government of Indonesia provides substantial subsidies to start-up companies. E) Gould Furniture has alliances with local furniture companies in Taiwan.
Answer: C Explanation: C) In a global economy, jobs tend to flow where lower costs give businesses a comparative advantage, though labor groups, politicians, and local community leaders see the exporting of jobs as undermining the job market at home. Managers face the difficult task of balancing the interests of their organization with their responsibilities to the communities in which they operate. In this scenario, the furniture market contributing to 20 percent of deforestation in the country is a flaw in the local community leaders' opinion because exporting jobs to other countries would prevent deforestation in their country. The country having one of the lowest rates of employment in Asia strengthens the local community leaders' opinion. 85 percent of Indonesia's revenue coming from agriculture and the government of Indonesia providing substantial subsidies to start-up companies is irrelevant to the argument about exporting jobs being detrimental to the development of the country. Gould Furniture having alliances with local furniture companies in Taiwan weakens the local community leaders' opinion.
59) Which of the following is true of positive organizational scholarship? A) It involves monitoring negative practices in organizations and rectifying them. B) It deals with how employees should analyze weaknesses and convert them into strengths. C) It studies how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality, and unlock potential. D) It dwells on limitations that an organization faces and how it can turn them into opportunities. E) It involves scrutinizing loopholes in organizational practices and filling gaps in processes.
Answer: C Explanation: C) Positive organizational scholarships study how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential. Some key independent variables in positive OB research are engagement, hope, optimism, and resilience in the face of strain.
52) Which of the following is an example of a position in a service job? A) human resource executive B) administrative executive C) flight attendant D) environmental campaigner E) production line worker
Answer: C Explanation: C) Service jobs include technical support representatives, fast-food counter workers, sales clerks, waiters and waitresses, nurses, automobile repair technicians, and flight attendants. The common characteristic of these jobs is substantial interaction with an organization's customers.
28) Which of the following does systematic study use to look at relationships to attribute causes and effects? A) intuitive data B) feelings C) scientific data D) instinct E) premonition
Answer: C Explanation: C) Systematic study looks at relationships to attribute causes and effects, and bases the conclusions on scientific evidence, that is, on data gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner.
30) In order to predict human behavior, it is best to supplement intuitive opinions with information derived from ________. A) common sense B) direct observation C) systematic study D) speculation E) organizational theory
Answer: C Explanation: C) To make good OB decisions it is important to use evidence to supplement intuition and experience. Evidence should come through systematic study, which involves looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence, that is, on data gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner.
27) Which of the following determinants of behavior does organizational behavior study? A) profits B) job satisfaction C) perks D) individuals E) collective bargaining
Answer: D Explanation: D) Organizational behavior studies the three determinants of behavior in organizations. These are comprised of individuals, groups, and structure. In addition, OB applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups, and the effect of structure on behavior in order to make organizations work more effectively.
29) Which of the following is true of systematic study? A) It attributes causes and effects based on intuition. B) It involves supporting decisions based on gut feelings. C) It analyzes relationships based on previous experiences. D) It involves analyzing relationships based on scientific data. E) It involves taking action based on instinct.
Answer: D Explanation: D) Systematic study looks at relationships to attribute causes and effects, and bases the conclusions on scientific evidence, that is, on data gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner.
31) Analyzing relationships, determining causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence, all constitute aspects of ________ study. A) organizational B) intuitive C) theoretical D) systematic E) case-based
Answer: D Explanation: D) Systematic study means looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and basing the conclusions on scientific evidence, that is, on data gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner.
32) ________ refers to basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific proof. A) Emergency management B) Personal knowledge management C) Property management D) Evidence-based management E) Knowledge management
Answer: D Explanation: D) The basing of managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence can be termed as evidence-based management.
43) Raymond Mayer is conducting a study on discrimination against campaign activists based on gender. In his study, he noted that male executives who visited Indonesian villages to promote the use of renewable energy received a highly positive response. In contrast, women who visited the same villages, received an antagonistic response from them. However, Mayer stated that his findings only applied to villages. In this study, the presence of a village is considered a ________ variable. A) global B) general C) dependent D) non-reactive E) contingency
Answer: E Explanation: E) Contingency variables are variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. For example, an OB study can say x leads to y, but only under conditions specified in z. Humans are unpredictable in nature and thus, all organizational behavior studies must have contingency variables.
44) ________ variables are variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. A) Global B) General C) Dependent D) Non-reactive E) Contingency
Answer: E Explanation: E) Contingency variables are variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. For example, an OB study can say x leads to y, but only under conditions specified in z. Humans are unpredictable in nature and thus, all organizational behavior studies must have contingency variables.
45) Which of the following is a result of globalization? A) organizations being bound by national borders B) lower production of goods in developing nations C) highly homogeneous workforce D) shared social value among all cultures E) jobs moving to nations with low-cost labor
Answer: E Explanation: E) In a global economy, jobs tend to flow where lower costs give businesses a comparative advantage, though labor groups, politicians, and local community leaders see the exporting of jobs as undermining the job market at home.
56) Which of the following is the major challenge for managers in a fully networked organization? A) eliminating the need for paper communication by relying entirely on e-mail, file transfers, and the like B) retaining team members who can easily move to another employer when demand for their services changes C) managing contract and temporary workers D) maintaining a "virtual office" through the use of computers, interoffice networks, and the Internet E) managing people who work together but are geographically separated
Answer: E Explanation: E) Networked organizations allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart. Motivating and managing people online requires different techniques than when individuals are physically present in a single location.
57) Christopher Richardson works as a graphic designer in Sydney. He often coordinates with colleagues working in Germany. In addition, he interacts with clients across the globe. Which of the following is most likely to facilitate his communications with clients and colleagues? A) ergonomic cubicle B) lateral thinking C) sensemaking D) systems thinking E) networked organization
Answer: E Explanation: E) Networked organizations allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart. Motivating and managing people online requires different techniques than when individuals are physically present in a single location.
34) ________ seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. A) Meteorology B) Theology C) Epistemology D) Lexicology E) Psychology
Answer: E Explanation: E) Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. Those who have contributed and continue to add to the knowledge of OB are learning theorists, personality theorists, counseling psychologists, and, most important, industrial and organizational psychologists.
53) One of the key challenges for managers in today's organizations is to ________. A) be static in nature B) conform to norms and practices C) be resistant to change D) follow age-old rules rigidly E) stimulate tolerance for change
Answer: E Explanation: E) The challenge for managers is to stimulate their employees' creativity and tolerance for change. Globalization, expanded capacity, and advances in technology have required organizations to be fast and flexible if they are to survive. The result is that most managers and employees today work in a climate best characterized as "temporary."
50) Eighty percent of the employees in the United States work today in ________ jobs. A) textile B) military C) mining D) research E) service
Answer: E Explanation: E) Today, the majority of employees in developed countries work in service jobs, including 80 percent in the United States.
47) Josh Wallace, a sales executive, has recently been promoted to the position of sales manager at Synergy Corporation Bank. He has in the past gained a strong track record of making the highest number of sales in his branch. During his first few months as a manager, he regularly appreciated and acknowledged the team's efforts because he knew that it was the driving force behind high performance. However, the company has recently expressed its dissatisfaction with Josh's team as it has consistently failed to meet the sales targets of the branch. Which of the following, if true, would best explain this situation? A) The bank had an existing list of contacts which was shared with the team. B) The team was allotted areas with families from high income groups. C) There has been a sharp rise in the country's citizens' purchasing power. D) Josh had prior experience in leading large sales teams. E) The team was motivated by extrinsic factors instead of intrinsic factors.
Answer: E Explanation: E) While working with people from different cultures, it is important to understand that what motivates one may not motivate another. In addition, one's communication style may be straightforward and open, which others may find uncomfortable and threatening. To work effectively with people from different cultures, one needs to understand how their culture, geography, and religion have shaped them and how to adapt one's management style to their differences. The team being motivated by extrinsic factors instead of intrinsic factors which Josh used explains why Josh's team was not motivated enough to perform well. If the bank had an existing list of contacts which was shared with the team would work against the argument because it would, to an extent, help the team perform well. In addition, the team being allotted areas with families from high income groups, a sharp rise in the country's citizens' purchasing power, and Josh having had prior experience in leading large sales teams are all likely to help the team perform well and do not explain why they failed consistently to meet the sales targets of the branch.
Nervousness is a pure marker of low negative affect.
Answer: FALSE Explanation: Nervousness is a pure marker of high negative affect; boredom is a pure marker of low negative affect.
Positivity offset may be defined as the tendency of most individuals to experience a negative mood when nothing in particular is going on.
Answer: FALSE Explanation: Positivity offset may be defined as the tendency of most individuals to experience a mildly positive mood when nothing in particular is going on. So, for most people, positive moods are somewhat more common than negative moods.
Which of the following terms best describes organizations that allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart?
Answer: flat organizations Explanation of Answer : Networked organizations allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart.
________ is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.
Anthropology
Cognitive Dissonance
Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in which of the following outcomes? Organizational dissonance Cognitive dissonance Attitudinal clarification Postivity offset Affective reactance
Which of the following is the best example of the use of intimidation? A)Anya's boss, Kira, sets difficult targets and hints that Anya may lose her job if she doesn't meet them B)Jill's manager, Steve, rarely considers her business ideas, but he consistently praises the contributions of Jill's colleague, Emily C)Natasha's colleagues often make jokes using cultural or ethnic stereotypes
Anya's boss, Kira, sets difficult targets and hints that Anya may lose her job if she doesn't meet them
Which of the following is the best example of the use of intimidation?
Anya's boss, Kira, sets difficult targets and hints that Anya may lose her job if she doesn't meet them.
Sexual harassment
April's colleague Nathan has consistently pestered her to go out on a date with him. Though she has refused his offer several times, he keeps persisting. She found an envelope on her desk from Nathan with inappropriate pictures and cartoons, which left her infuriated. She now intends to go discuss the matter with the human resource department of her company. Which of the following forms of discrimination is April most likely to cite? Sexual harassment Cyberstalking Mobbing Exclusion Electronic harassment
Explain the meaning of Big Data and discuss how its increased availability has led to new privacy concerns.
As technological capabilities for handling Big Data have increased, so have issues of privacy. This is particularly true when data collection includes surveillance instruments. For instance, an experiment in Brooklyn, New York, has been designed to improve the quality of life for residents, but the researchers will collect intensive data from infrared cameras, sensors, and smartphone Wi-Fi signals.
________ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events.
Attitude
Which of the following is true with regard to moderating variables in attitude relationships? General attitudes tend to predict particular or specific behaviors. Attitudes are less likely to be remembered if frequently expressed or talked about. The relationship between an attitude and a behavior is weaker if an attitude involves a direct relation to personal experience. Conflicts between attitudes and behavior occur when there are no social pressures. Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior.
Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior.
Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in ________. A) organizational dissonance B) cognitive dissonance C) attitudinal clarification D) values clarification E) affective reactance
B
Julie smiles and is polite to a customer at her checkout, even though she really deeply dislikes this customer. What is the term used to explain the disparity between the emotion Julie displays and the emotions she is actually experiencing? A) negative affect B) emotional dissonance C) affect intensity D) positive affect E) positivity offset
B
There are three (3) factors that influence our perceptions which are ____________. A) fear, pleasure and sadness B) perceiver, situation, target C) perceiver, receiver, target D) inputs, situation, outcomes E) feelings, moods and emotions
B
Whereas ________ focuses on differences among people from different countries, ________ addresses differences among people within given countries. A) workforce diversity; globalization B) globalization; workforce diversity C) culture; diversity D) culture; workforce diversity E) psychology; social psychology
B
Which of the following is not one of Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture? A) power distance B) flexibility versus rigidity C) individualism versus collectivism D) long-term versus short-term orientation E) uncertainty avoidance
B
which of the follo!ing actions best represents Kelly's high job involvement A) Kelly al!a%s complains about her !or6 to her colleagues. B) Kell% activel% ta6es part in team activities and proactivel% ta6es up additional job responsibilities. C) Kell% shares the organiation7s vision of supporting rene!able energ%. D) Kell% disli6es the unethical practices follo!ed b% her emplo%er. E) Kell% !ants to continue !or6ing for the organiation because man% of her college friends are !or6ing there
B
31) Angela Wells recently applied for a job at Spiga, a lounge in Paris. Having worked in several restaurants and lounges in and across France, she was confident that she would get the job. However, soon after the interview, she was informed that another candidate was offered the job, even though the other candidate had limited experience in comparison to her. Angela feels that she was discriminated against. Which of the following, if true, would best justify Angela's assumption? A) The woman who was selected over her could speak French fluently. B) Angela is a single mother with two young children. C) Angela does not have a degree in hospitality management. D) The lounge caters to elite business clientele in Paris. E) Angela learned of the position through a friend working at the lounge.
B) Angela is a single mother with two young children.
Under which of the following conditions is job dissatisfaction most likely to result in turnover? A) Employees have negative core self-evaluation. B) Employees have high education and ability. C) Employment opportunities are scarce. D) Employees experience emotional contagion. E) Employees have supportive relationships with their co-workers.
B) Employees have high education and ability.
Under which of the following conditions is job dissatisfaction most likely to result in turnover? A) Employees have negative core self-evaluation. B) Employees have high education and ability. C) Employment opportunities are scarce. D) Employees experience emotional contagion. E) Employees have supportive relationships with their co-workers.
B) Employees have high education and ability.
The findings of a recent company survey at Rader Industries showed that employees are experiencing high levels of work stress. To offset this, a manager suggests instituting a leave policy whereby employees must go on a mandatory vacation for 7 days in the year. 39) The manager's suggestion is based on which of the following assumptions? A) Employees are not experiencing a lack of work-life balance. B) Employees' workload can be adjusted to accommodate their requests to go on leave. C) Employees have been misusing the company's leave encashment policy. D) Employees have been able to go on leave whenever they wanted to.
B) Employees' workload can be adjusted to accommodate their request to go on leave
________ is a pure marker of high positive affect. A) Contentment B) Excitement C) Fatigue D) Boredom E) Relaxation
B) Excitement
Which of the following best defines organizational behavior? A) It involves the study of groups of people coming together for collective bargaining. B) It involves the study of what people do in a company and how it affects the company's output. C) It involves analyzing different people in an industry with independent profit-centered motives. D) It involves developing exclusively the knowledge of managers and senior-level employees. E) It is a field which is not influenced by factors in the external world.
B) It involves the study of what people do in a company and how it affects the company's output.
When Ariana Winter is told that her dog has been killed by a car, she feels deeply saddened. Her feelings are then overcome by a surge of anger at the car driver. However minutes later, she is able to laugh and talk about the good memories spent with her pet. What is one of the reasons that Winter's reaction can be categorized as an emotion? A) Its cause is general and ambiguous. B) It lasted for a brief time period. C) It is not action-oriented. D) It is a negative feeling. E) It is cognitive in nature.
B) It lasted for a brief time period
24) Which of the following is true with respect to workplace discrimination? A) Discrimination occurs more at lower levels in the organization than higher levels. B) It may lead to reduced productivity and citizenship behavior. C) Only intentional discrimination is addressed by diversity management efforts. D) Forms of discrimination like exclusion are easy to root out. E) The discriminators are invariably aware of their action toward the victim.
B) It may lead to reduced productivity and citizenship behavior.
________ is moderately correlated with organizational citizenship behavior. A) Emotional contagion B) Job satisfaction C) Absenteeism D) Turnover rate E) Cognitive dissonance
B) Job satisfaction
________ is moderately correlated with organizational citizenship behavior. A) Emotional contagion B) Job satisfaction C) Absenteeism D) Turnover rate E) Cognitive dissonance
B) Job satisfaction
Which of the following actions best represents Kelly's high job involvement? A) Kelly always complains about her work to her colleagues. B) Kelly actively takes part in team activities and proactively takes up additional job responsibilities. C) Kelly shares the organization's vision of supporting renewable energy. D) Kelly dislikes the unethical practices followed by her employer. E) Kelly wants to continue working for the organization because many of her college friends are working there.
B) Kelly actively takes part in team activities and proactively takes up additional job responsibilities
Which of the following actions best represents Kelly's high job involvement? A) Kelly always complains about her work to her colleagues. B) Kelly actively takes part in team activities and proactively takes up additional job responsibilities. C) Kelly shares the organization's vision of supporting renewable energy. D) Kelly dislikes the unethical practices followed by her employer. E) Kelly wants to continue working for the organization because many of her college friends are working there.
B) Kelly actively takes part in team activities and proactively takes up additional job responsibilities.
Which of the following actions best represents Kelly's high job involvement? A) Kelly always complains about her work to her colleagues. B) Kelly actively takes part in team activities and proactively takes up additional job responsibilities. C) Kelly shares the organization's vision of supporting renewable energy. D) Kelly dislikes the unethical practices followed by her employer. E) Kelly wants to continue working for the organization because many of her college friends are working there.
B) Kelly actively takes part in team activities and proactively takes up additional job responsibilities.
The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by ________. A) Abraham Maslow B) Leon Festinger C) Geert Hofstede D) Daryl Bem E) Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
B) Leon Festinger
The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by ________. A) Abraham Maslow B) Leon Festinger C) Geert Hofstede D) Daryl Bem E) Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
B) Leon Festinger
___ are defined as people who oversee the activities of others and who are responsible for attaining goals in an organization. A) Assistants B) Managers C) Secretaries D) Interns E) Apprentices
B) Managers
Melissa Woods was recently hired as the campaign manager at an environmental organization. She has a degree in environmental sustainability and possesses substantial knowledge about the issue of global warming. She has the knowledge to lead the public relations team of the organization. However, a few months later, the board of directors of the organization expressed dissatisfaction with Melissa's performance and asked her to resign. Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation? A) Melissa had no prior experience in research and development. B) Melissa had weak interpersonal and networking skills to run the project. C) Melissa focused on the results her team achieved rather than how they achieved those results. D) Melissa is not up-to-date about the feasibility of using different modes of renewable energy. E) Melissa had a diverse network of contacts established from her previous job.
B) Melissa had weak interpersonal and networking skills to run the project.
28) Raylon Inc. is in the process of recruiting a new operations manager. The human resources team has narrowed the candidate list down to two candidates but cannot come to an agreement about whom to hire. Though both candidates have the relevant qualifications for the post, one will soon be 60 years old. The other candidate is in his early thirties. Rachel, a member of the HR team, recommends hiring the older candidate, citing his years of experience and leadership ability. Tim, on the other hand, strongly recommends that the company hire the younger candidate, as he is likely to be more flexible when it comes to working. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens Rachel's argument? A) The job requires frequent travel around the company's six factories located across the country. B) Most of the employees the Operations Manager will be supervising are under 30 years of age. C) Research has shown that older workers are more prone to absenteeism for health-related issues. D) Almost half of the company's top managers are in the 45-65 age bracket. E) The company recently instituted a new production system that cuts waste by 30 percent.
B) Most of the employees the operations manager will be supervising are under 30 years of age.
29) Which of the following is the most likely reason why employers should employ older workers? A) They adjust to new technology promptly. B) Older workers have extensive work experience. C) Older workers are flexible and learn quickly. D) They have shorter tenures and hence lower pension benefits than younger workers. E) The rates of unavoidable absences are lower than those of younger workers.
B) Older workers have extensive work experience.
Sally Mitchell works as a manager at an environmental organization. She is currently working on a global warming project and decides which tasks related to creating awareness about the issue needs to be done. In addition, she is also deciding which members of her team will work on engaging with the public and which will work on lobbying with the government. She is also assigning people as team members to ensure that tasks are undertaken on time. Which of the following categories of functions is Mitchell undertaking? A) Planning B) Organizing C) Scrutinizing D) Controlling E) Envisioning
B) Organizing
Which of the following famous philosophers identified six emotions which he called "simple and primitive passions" and argued that all the others are composed of some of these six or are species of them? A) Paul Churchland B) René Descartes C) George Berkeley D) David Hume E) John Locke
B) Rene Descartes
Sonia works as a lab research assistant at Frost Labs which conducts trials for cosmetic products such as sprays, dyes, ointments, soaps, and the like. She joined the firm right out of college and has been working for them for almost two years now. 15) Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance? A) She believes that cosmetics help boost women's self-confidence. B) She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice. C) She majored in pharmacology as part of her Masters program in college. D) She recently received a positive performance review from her supervisor. E) She is confounded by the fact that the cosmetic industry rakes in almost $7 billion annually.
B) She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance? A) She believes that cosmetics help boost women's self-confidence. B) She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice. C) She majored in pharmacology as part of her master's degree program in college. D) She recently received a positive performance review from her supervisor. E) She is confounded by the fact that the cosmetic industry rakes in almost $7 billion annually.
B) She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice.
Which of the following is a difference between sociology and psychology? A) Sociology studies humans and animals whereas psychology focuses exclusively on humans. B) Sociology studies people in relation to their social culture whereas psychology focuses on the individual. C) Sociology incorporates research from social sciences, philosophy, and natural sciences; psychology does not. D) Sociology uses various methods of empirical investigation whereas psychology uses limited critical analyses. E) Sociology uses only qualitative techniques whereas psychology uses both qualitative and quantitative techniques.
B) Sociology studies people in relation to their social culture whereas psychology focuses on the individual.
Synergy Inc. is a medium-sized logistics company. The management is facing tough times as the workers are dissatisfied and are engaging in a number of deviant workplace behaviors such as stealing and substance abuse during working hours. The management is considering various options to curb these counterproductive behaviors. What would be a better way to deal with such forms of workplace deviance? A) The management should let employees realize their wrongdoing on their own. B) The management should attack the source of the problem, i.e., the dissatisfaction. C) The management must introduce surveillance to ensure smooth flow of work. D) The management must suspend employees who engage in deviant workplace behaviors. E) The management must restrict the activities that adversely affect productivity.
B) The management should attack the source of the problem, i.e., the dissatisfaction.
Synergy Inc. is a medium-sized logistics company. The management is facing tough times as the workers are dissatisfied and are engaging in a number of deviant workplace behaviors such as stealing and substance abuse during working hours. The management is considering various options to curb these counterproductive behaviors. What would be a better way to deal with such forms of workplace deviance? A) The management should let employees realize their wrongdoing on their own. B) The management should attack the source of the problem, i.e., the dissatisfaction. C) The management must introduce surveillance to ensure smooth flow of work. D) The management must suspend employees who engage in deviant workplace behaviors. E) The management must restrict the activities that adversely affect productivity.
B) The management should attack the source of the problem, i.e., the dissatisfaction.
The findings of a recent company survey at Rader Industries showed that employees are experiencing high levels of work stress. To offset this, a manager suggests instituting a leave policy whereby employees must go on a mandatory vacation for 7 days in the year. Under which of the following conditions, if true, would the manager's suggestion least likely be accepted? A) The company conducts one-day offsite events on an annual basis to allow employees some time to unwind. B) The skills required by the company are highly specialized, and hence the company is short-staffed. C) The employees, though experiencing high levels of stress, also report high levels of job engagement. D) The company's employees have reported high stress levels for more than three years in a row. E) The company's leading competitor was recently voted as one of the best places to work due to its focus on employee well-being.
B) The skills required by the company are highly specialized, and hence the company is short-staffed
Which of the following is true regarding technical skills? A) They can be learned only through formal education. B) They encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge. C) They are not required at all kinds of jobs. D) They are monopolized by professionals. E) They comprise the ability to understand and motivate people.
B) They encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge.
________ refers to the heterogeneity of organizations in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse groups. A) Workforce associability B) Workforce diversity C) Cultural similarity D) Organizational congruity E) Operational homogeneity
B) Workforce diversity
30) Thurman Inc., a manufacturing company in Vermont, needs to hire employees for its new office in the city. The positions require the employees to travel across the country regularly. The management has specified that they are looking for employees below the age of 40 who are young and dynamic. Which of the following beliefs is the management most likely to hold? A) Younger workers make stronger judgments. B) Younger workers are more flexible to change. C) Younger workers have more experience. D) Younger workers have stronger work ethics. E) Younger workers are more committed to quality.
B) Younger workers are more flexible to change.
________ refers to individual differences in strength with which individuals experience their emotions. A) Hawthorne effect B) Affect intensity C) Intelligence quotient D) Positivity offset E) Ambiguity effect
B) affect intensity
Johanna Rouse feels disheartened because she was not selected for the campaign exchange program in Amsterdam. Which component of an attitude does Rouse's feeling represent? A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive
B) affective
Johanna Rouse feels disheartened because she was not selected for the campaign exchange program in Amsterdam. Which component of an attitude does Rouse's feeling represent? A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive
B) affective
Sarah Mayer works as a security officer and is in charge of keeping track of who is in the office at any given time. She notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they go out for meals, which makes it difficult to keep track of attendance of employees. Even though Mayer asked the employees repeatedly to sign out, they have not followed her advise. She now decides to report the issue to her supervisor. Which of the following components of an attitude is being demonstrated by Mayer? A) affective B) behavioral C) positive D) cognitive E) knowledge
B) behavioral
Sarah Mayer works as a security officer and is in charge of keeping track of who is in the office at any given time. She notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they go out for meals, which makes it difficult to keep track of attendance of employees. Even though Mayer has repeatedly asked the employees to sign out, they have not followed her advice. She now decides to report the issue to her supervisor. Which of the following components of an attitude is being demonstrated by Mayer? A) affective B) behavioral C) positive D) cognitive E) knowledge
B) behavioral
Abigail Jones is a sales executive at Orbit Bank in Brussels. She is the best performer on her team and often gets the highest number of corporate accounts for the company. However, she feels that she does not get sufficient credit for her hard work. During lunch, she says to her colleague, "I have been getting the largest accounts for the bank for the past eight months. Yet, my manager never acknowledges the kind of effort I put in to get these accounts." Which component of attitude is being demonstrated by Jones? A) positive component B) cognitive component C) affective component D) behavioral component E) reflective component
B) cognitive component
Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in ________. A) organizational dissonance B) cognitive dissonance C) attitudinal clarification D) positivity offset E) affective reactance
B) cognitive dissonance
Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in ________. A) organizational dissonance B) cognitive dissonance C) attitudinal clarification D) positivity offset E) affective reactance
B) cognitive dissonance
An example of a process at a group level is ________. A) diversity B) communication C) values D) culture E) emotions
B) communication
As part of their sales training, the staff at Penny Stores is encouraged to build personal relationships with the store's patrons. Apart from receiving product training, the staff is taught to follow a scripted sales process wherein they must greet the customers, introduce themselves, and enquire about their purchase. They are also encouraged to engage in casual conversation with the customer. In a recent survey conducted by the marketing department, it was revealed that customers were dissatisfied with the level of service at Penny Stores. Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation? A) Customers come to Penny Stores to make high-involvement purchases. B) Customers associate superior service with efficiency and not friendliness. C) Penny Stores offers an extensive range of consumer products. D) The training period for the staff is three weeks long. E) The staff at Penny Stores is friendly but not familiar.
B) customers associate superior service with efficiency and not friendliness
Jason has been spending a great deal of work time talking to his co-workers about how dissatisfied he is with the job. He also has spent quite a bit of time discussing unionization. In the last week, Jason has arrived at work intoxicated twice. His behavior can be classified as ________ behavior. A) citizenship B) deviant C) organizational commitment D) positive affect E) satisficing
B) deviant
Jason has been spending a great deal of work time talking to his co-workers about how dissatisfied he is with the job. He has spent quite a bit of time discussing unionization. Jason has also arrived at work intoxicated twice in the last week. His behavior can be classified as ________ behavior. A) citizenship B) deviant C) organizational commitment D) positive affect E) satisficing
B) deviant
The role of a(n) ________ is a type of informational role according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles. A) figurehead B) disseminator C) liaison D) entrepreneur E) negotiator
B) disseminator
Managers who oversee the movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor are most likely to ________. A) provide poor customer service B) face opposition from labor groups C) manage a culturally homogeneous workforce D) operate in niche markets E) lose competitive advantage by exporting jobs
B) face opposition from labor groups
6) According to Henry Mintzberg a factory supervisor giving a group of high school students a tour of the plant may be termed as a ________. A) leader B) figurehead C) resource allocator D) negotiator E) disturbance handler
B) figurehead
Lillian Stintson works for a global women's rights organization. In the past few months, she has traveled across the globe for the campaign she was working on. In addition, she has been working weekends to meet campaign milestones. She has now decided to take a month's holiday to relax and get a much-needed break. She knows that the organization will understand her need for a long holiday. Which of the following best represents Stintson's feeling? A) low employee engagement B) high perceived organizational support C) low organizational commitment D) low job involvement E) high interest in whistle-blowing
B) high perceived organizational support
Lillian Stintson works for a global women's rights organization. In the past few months, she has traveled across the globe for the campaign she was working on. In addition, she has been working weekends to meet campaign milestones. She has now decided to take a month's holiday to relax herself and get the much needed break. She knows that the organization will understand her need for a long holiday. Which of the following best represents Stintson's feeling? A) low employee engagement B) high perceived organizational support C) low organizational commitment D) low job involvement E) high interest in whistle-blowing
B) high perceived organizational support
Lillian Stintson works for a global women's rights organization. In the past few months, she has traveled across the globe for the campaign she was working on. In addition, she has been working weekends to meet campaign milestones. She has now decided to take a month's holiday to relax herself and get the much needed break. She knows that the organization will understand her need for a long holiday. Which of the following best represents Stintson's feeling? A) low employee engagement B) high perceived organizational support C) low organizational commitment D) low job involvement E) high interest in whistle-blowing
B) high perceived organizational support
Higher levels of job satisfaction have been reported in the United States. This may be because ________. A) individuals in western cultures experience emotional contagion B) individuals in western cultures emphasize positive emotions C) there is more industrialization in western cultures D) individuals in western cultures are more self-critical and geared toward continuous improvement E) these are collectivist societies that do not focus on individual happiness
B) individuals in western cultures emphasize positive emotions
44) A market researcher who uses his ability to identify a logical sequence to predict demand for a new line of winter clothing is using the ________ dimension of intellectual ability. A) spatial visualization B) inductive reasoning C) verbal comprehension D) lateral masking E) deductive reasoning
B) inductive reasoning
With reference to a basic OB model, ________ are determined in advance of the employment relationship and refer to variables such as personality, group structure, and organizational culture that lead to processes. A) actions B) inputs C) outcome D) processes E) goals
B) inputs
The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is referred to as ________. A) emotional contagion B) job involvement C) job stability D) emotional dissonance E) direct action
B) job involvement
The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is referred to as ________. A) emotional contagion B) job involvement C) job stability D) emotional dissonance E) direct action
B) job involvement
The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is referred to as ________. A) emotional contagion B) job involvement C) job stability D) emotional dissonance E) direct action
B) job involvement
In her work in the publishing industry, Vera Loranzo seeks out new authors who she considers promising. In the past two years, she has found a number of new writers whose work she thought was exceptional and immersed herself in the task of helping them shape their manuscripts for submission to her managers for publishing. Although she was extremely proud of the results, none of the authors she worked with were chosen for publication. After learning about her management's decision, she is extremely frustrated and is beginning to resent the job she does. However, she knows there is nothing she can do and continues working because of the good perks and salary benefits the job offers. How can Loranzo's job attitude be best described?
B) low job satisfaction
In her work in the publishing industry, Vera Loranzo seeks out new authors who she considers promising. In the past two years, she has found a number of new writers whose work she thought was exceptional and immersed herself in the task of helping them shape their manuscripts for submission to her managers for publishing. Although she was extremely proud of the results, none of the authors she worked with were chosen for publication. After learning about her management's decision, she is extremely frustrated and is beginning to resent the job she does. However, she knows there is nothing she can do and continues working because of the good perks and salary benefits the job offers. How can Loranzo's job attitude be best described? A) low job involvement B) low job satisfaction C) high psychological empowerment D) high positivity offset E) low emotional contagion
B) low job satisfaction
In her work in the publishing industry, Vera Loranzo seeks out new authors who she considers promising. In the past two years, she has found a number of new writers whose work she thought was exceptional, and immersed herself in the task of helping them shape their manuscripts for submission to her managers for publishing. Although she was extremely proud of the results, none of the authors she worked with were chosen for publication. After learning about her management's decision, she is extremely frustrated and is beginning to resent the job she does. However, she knows there is nothing she can do and continues working because of the good perks and salary benefits the job offers. How can Loranzo's job attitude be best described? A) low job involvement B) low job satisfaction C) high psychological empowerment D) high positivity offset E) low emotional contagion
B) low job satisfaction
In her work in the publishing industry, Vera Loranzo seeks out new authors who she considers promising. In the past two years, she has found a number of new writers whose work she thought was exceptional, and immersed herself in the task of helping them shape their manuscripts for submission to her managers for publishing. Although she was extremely proud of the results, none of the authors she worked with were chosen for publication. After learning about her management's decision, she is extremely frustrated and is beginning to resent the job she does. However, she knows there is nothing she can do and continues working because of the good perks and salary benefits the job offers. How can Loranzo's job attitude be best described? A) low job involvement B) low job satisfaction C) high psychological empowerment D) high positivity offset E) low emotional contagion
B) low job satisfaction
Antonio Guillermo's wife was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Guillermo had to take a considerable amount of time off work to care for their children, and he was late in completing his portion of a large project. Guillermo never feared that his job was in jeopardy because of his absences or his delay in completion of work. Name the major job attitude associated with the above stated example. A) psychological empowerment B) perceived organizational support C) organizational commitment D) employee engagement E) job involvement
B) perceived organizational support
Antonio Guillermo's wife was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Guillermo had to take a considerable amount of time off work to care for their children, and he was late in completing his portion of a large project. Guillermo never feared that his job was in jeopardy because of his absences or his delay in completion of work. Name the major job attitude associated with the above stated example. A) psychological empowerment B) perceived organizational support C) organizational commitment D) employee engagement E) job involvement
B) perceived organizational support
Antonio Guillermo's wife was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Guillermo had to take a considerable amount of time off work to care for their children, and he was late in completing his portion of a large project. Guillermo never feared that his job was in jeopardy because of his absences or his delay in completion of work. Name the major job attitude associated with this example. A) psychological empowerment B) perceived organizational support C) organizational commitment D) employee engagement E) job involvement
B) perceived organizational support
Antonio Guillermo's wife was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Guillermo had to take a considerable amount of time off work to care for their children, and he was late in completing his portion of a large project. Guillermo never feared that his job was in jeopardy because of his absences or his delay in completion of work. Name the major job attitude associated with this example. A) psychological empowerment B) perceived organizational support C) organizational commitment D) employee engagement E) job involvement
B) perceived organizational support
45) Jeremy Samuels works in a police department in California. His job often requires him to observe clues that criminals leave behind. His job is to analyze these clues, which helps the department catch the criminal. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does Samuels most likely have? A) spatial visualization B) perceptual speed C) extent flexibility D) dynamic flexibility E) number aptitude
B) perceptual speed
Which of the following statements is true regarding sources of moods and emotions? A) Reduced sleep makes a person more alert during waking hours. B) Physical and informal activities increase positive mood. C) Weather has a controlling effect on moods. D) Intensity of negative emotions increases with age. E) Mounting levels of stress at work create positive emotions.
B) physical and informal activities increase positive mood
You are bringing together faculty from different behavioral disciplines to author a new textbook in organizational behavior. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and industrial engineering. Which faculty member is most likely to furnish information about personality, learning, and motivation? A) sociology B) psychology C) anthropology D) political science E) industrial engineering
B) psychology
Negative affect is a mood dimension consisting of ________ at the low end. A) nervousness B) relaxation C) anxiety D) stress E) depression
B) relaxation
42) Gina Sanchez, an architect in California, is renovating an old school building and turning it into a retail and entertainment space. She must decide how the existing layout can be redesigned and modified to best suit the new uses. Which of the following dimensions of intelligence will most help Gina reimagine the existing building? A) haptic perception B) spatial visualization C) memory D) inductive reasoning E) deductive reasoning
B) spatial visualization
55) Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as dynamic flexibility? A) the ability to exert force against external objects B) the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements C) the ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time D) the ability to expend a maximum of energy in one or a series of explosive acts E) the ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible
B) the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements
Attending union meetings as a way of coping with job dissatisfaction is an example of a(n) ________ response. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) ratification
B) voice
Attending union meetings as a way of coping with job dissatisfaction is an example of a(n) ________ response. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) ratification
B) voice
Sarah Mayer works as a marketing executive and has been unhappy with her job profile for several months now. Over the months, she has regularly discussed with her manager how her skills lie in administrative tasks instead of in marketing. In addition, she discusses how she can make a smooth transition into the administrative role. Which type of response is Mayer using in this situation? A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) performance
B) voice
Sarah Mayer works as a marketing executive and has been unhappy with her job profile for several months now. Over the months, she has regularly discussed with her manager how her skills lie in administrative tasks instead of in marketing. In addition, she discusses how she can make a smooth transition into the administrative role. Which type of response is Mayer using in this situation? A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) performance
B) voice
Susan Daniels works for an event management company and is discontent with her job because she was passed over for a promotion. She has now composed a list of concerns and plans to discuss the issue with her supervisor. Daniels' response to the problem is referred to as ________. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance
B) voice
Susan Daniels works for an event management company and is discontent with her job because she was passed over for a promotion. She has now composed a list of concerns and plans to discuss the issue with her supervisor. Daniels' response to the problem is referred to as ________. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance
B) voice
The ________ response includes actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions, including suggesting improvements, discussing problems with superiors, and undertaking some forms of union activity. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance
B) voice
The ________ response includes actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions, including suggesting improvements, discussing problems with superiors, and undertaking some forms of union activity. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance
B) voice
Which of the following emotions did philosopher René Descartes identify as one of the six emotions which he called simple and primitive passions? A) persuasion B) wonder C) confidence D) anticipation E) encouragement
B) wonder
The physical ability that allows a body to maintain equilibrium despite opposing forces is known as ________.
Balance
________ is a pure marker of low negative affect.
Boredom
Attribution Theory uses three factors to determine if a person's behavior is caused internally or externally. One of these three factors is consensus. It indicates if ________. A) the person has high propensity to defer to others B) the individual displays different behaviors in different situations C) everyone who faces a similar situation responds in the same way D) the individual responds the same way over time E) the person scores high on conscientiousness
C
Carol is over 55 years of age and is targeted for layoff because she is highly paid and has lucrative benefits. Which of the following terms explains what she has been subjected to? A) recessionary practice B) mockery and insult C) discriminatory practice D) exclusion E) incivility
C
In order to predict human behavior, it is best to supplement your intuitive opinions with information derived in what fashion? A) common sense B) direct observation C) systematic study D) speculation E) organizational theory
C
Joseph Pierce is the managing director of Dra6e Coal power plant in North Yorkshire. :e knows that coal is a major contributor to climate change and has made his research team study impacts of coal on the environment. After knowing the facts, he faces a high degree of dissonance between his values and behavior. Which of the following is he most likely to do to reduce the dissonance bet!een his belief and behavior A) get government sanction to build and develop more power plants across the country B) increase revenue by building power plants in developing and underdeveloped countries C) reassure the public that there is no correlation between environment and coal production D) hire more employees to fill positions in new power plant stations E) provide locals benefits to substantiate for the effects of coal po!er stations
C
Julie recently joined a %outh center as a counselor !ho provides support services for teenage mothers. An important part of her job involves referring pregnant teenagers to abortion clinics, should the% decide to avail of such services. $his aspect of her !or6, ho!ever, conflicts !ith her religious beliefs. :er manager, %le, is a!are of this and e#pects her to submit her resignation atan% time, but 9ulie continues to carr% out her duties in a sincere manner and sho!s no signs of 5uitting her job. Which of the follo!ing best e#plains this situation4 A) 9ulie allo!s her professional life to be dictated b% her religious ideals. B) 9ulie refuses to ac6no!ledge the hard truths of life. C) 9ulie has accepted that people have the freedom of choice. D) 9ulie is unable to empathie !ith the teenagers !ho visit the %outh center. E) 9ulie does not realie the importance of her !or6 to societ%.
C
high levels of both job involvement and ps%chological empo!erment are positivel% related to ________. A) !ithdra!al behavior B) positivite offset C) organizational citizenship D) emotional contagion E) cognitive dissonance
C
________ is a pure marker of low positive affect. A) Stress B) Relaxation C) Boredom D) Nervous E) Alert
C) Boredom
The human resource department of Palmer Inc. is aiming to understand the degree of employee engagement in the organization. Which of the following statements would best help them in the process? A) Do you believe in the organization's five-year plan? B) Do you believe the organization is concerned about your well-being? C) Do you enjoy your everyday tasks and achieving project milestones? D) Do you feel the organization values your work? E) Do you agree with the organization's stand on sustainable work practices?
C) Do you enjoy your everyday tasks and achieving project milestones?
The human resource department of Palmer Inc. is aiming to understand the degree of employee engagement in the organization. Which of the following statements would best help them in the process? A) Do you believe in the organization's five-year plan? B) Do you believe the organization is concerned about your well-being? C) Do you enjoy your everyday tasks and achieving project milestones? D) Do you feel the organization values your work? E) Do you agree with the organization's stand on sustainable work practices?
C) Do you enjoy your everyday tasks and achieving project milestones?
Kim Anderson works as a campaign manager at an environmental organization in Ottawa. In the past few months, she has noticed that her team member Janice Kenneth has shown a lot of potential as the next project lead. However, Anderson heard from the grapevine that Kenneth may be quitting the job. She now needs to know whether she has the intention to lead the campaign in the next few months, which are crucial months for the campaign. Which of the following questions would best help Anderson understand Kenneth's intention toward the project? A) How are you liking your job on the whole? B) Do you like the work culture in the organization? C) Do you see yourself working with us in the next 6 months? D) Are you motivated enough to achieve all project milestones? E) Are you happy with your overall job performance?
C) Do you see yourself working with us in the next 6 months?
Kim Anderson works as a campaign manager at an environmental organization in Ottawa. In the past few months, she has noticed that one team member, Janice Kenneth, has shown a lot of potential as the next project lead. However, Anderson heard from the grapevine that Kenneth may be quitting the job. She now needs to know whether she has the intention to lead the campaign in the next few months, which are crucial months for the campaign. Which of the following questions would best help Anderson understand Kenneth's intention toward the project? A) How do you like your job on the whole? B) Do you like the work culture in the organization? C) Do you see yourself working with us in the next 6 months? D) Are you motivated enough to achieve all project milestones? E) Are you happy with your overall job performance?
C) Do you see yourself working with us in the next 6 months?
Which of the following statements is true regarding emotional intelligence (EI)? A) It refers to a score derived from standardized tests to measure intelligence. B) It refers to an aptitude for intellectual activities that cannot be acquired with personal effort. C) It comprises a person's ability to detect other's and one's own feelings. D) It is based on rationality instead of intuitive appeal to make judgments. E) It refers to a person's ability to suppress his or her true emotions and express organizationally accurate emotions.
C) It comprises a person's ability to detect other's and one's own feelings
Robert Springer woke up in the morning and felt a sense of joy and peace as he got ready for work. At work, though challenges came his way, he tackled them without getting stressed about them. This feeling lasted for several days that week. What is one of the reasons that Springer's feeling can be categorized as a mood and not as an emotion? A) It is more intense than emotions. B) It is brought about by a specific event. C) It is prolonged in nature. D) It is a positive feeling. E) It is indicated by a facial expression.
C) It is prolonged in nature
Which of the following is true regarding positive organizational scholarship? A) It involves monitoring negative practices in organizations and rectifying them. B) It deals with how employees should analyze weaknesses and convert them into strengths. C) It studies how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality, and unlock potential. D) It dwells on limitations that an organization faces and how it can turn them into opportunities. E) It involves scrutinizing loopholes in organizational practices and filling gaps in processes.
C) It studies how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality, and unlock potential
360.org, an organization working toward curbing climate change, recently conducted an interview with Jessica for the position of a public relations officer. However, interviewers Brenda and Laura are divided over whether Jessica should be given the job. Brenda believes that Jessica does not have in-depth knowledge about the issue of global warming and its impact. On the other hand, Laura feels that Jessica would be perfect for the job because she has strong interpersonal skills. Which of the following, if true, would weaken Laura's argument? A) Jessica was unable to fare well in the written test which analyzed her conceptual skills. B) Jessica listened intently to the interviewers' questions before answering them. C) Jessica was unable to communicate clearly why she was right for the job. D) Jessica was very friendly and courteous with the receptionist while greeting her. E) Jessica was high on confidence about getting the job because of her strong networking skills.
C) Jessica was unable to communicate clearly why she was right for the job.
Julie recently joined a youth center as a counselor that provides support services for teenage mothers. An important part of her job involves referring pregnant teenagers to abortion clinics, should they decide to avail of such services. This aspect of her work, however, conflicts with her religious beliefs. Her manager, Kyle, is aware of this and expects her to submit her resignation at any time, but Julie continues to carry out her duties in a sincere manner and shows no signs of quitting her job. Which of the following best explains this situation? A) Julie allows her professional life to be dictated by her religious ideals. B) Julie refuses to acknowledge the hard truths of life. C) Julie has accepted that people have the freedom of choice. D) Julie is unable to empathize with the teenagers who visit the youth center. E) Julie does not realize the importance of her work to society.
C) Julie has accepted that people have the freedom of choice
Julie recently joined a youth center as a counselor who provides support services for teenage mothers. An important part of her job involves referring pregnant teenagers to abortion clinics, should they decide to avail of such services. This aspect of her work, however, conflicts with her religious beliefs. Her manager, Kyle, is aware of this and expects her to submit her resignation at any time, but Julie continues to carry out her duties in a sincere manner and shows no signs of quitting her job. Which of the following best explains this situation? A) Julie allows her professional life to be dictated by her religious ideals. B) Julie refuses to acknowledge the hard truths of life. C) Julie has accepted that people have the freedom of choice. D) Julie is unable to empathize with the teenagers who visit the youth center. E) Julie does not realize the importance of her work to society.
C) Julie has accepted that people have the freedom of choice.
Which of the following is true about the correlation between salary and job satisfaction? A) Pay is not related to job satisfaction for employees in underdeveloped countries. B) Salary and perks do not have a role in overall happiness of employees from poor countries. C) Pay does not play a critical role in job satisfaction when an individual reaches a level of comfortable living. D) Financial perks and benefits always create job satisfaction irrespective of standards of living. E) High salary level always creates organizational commitment.
C) Pay does not play a critical role in job satisfaction when an individual reaches a level of comfortable living.
Which of the following is true about the correlation between salary and job satisfaction? A) Pay is not related to job satisfaction for employees in underdeveloped countries. B) Salary and perks do not have a role in overall happiness of employees from poor countries. C) Pay does not play a critical role in job satisfaction when an individual reaches a level of comfortable living. D) Financial perks and benefits always create job satisfaction irrespective of standards of living. E) High salary level always creates organizational commitment.
C) Pay does not play a critical role in job satisfaction when an individual reaches a level of comfortable living.
In Indonesia, comfortable living occurs at about $30,000. Based on the measurement of comfortable living, which of the following is most likely to be true? A) People earning approximately $25,000 are content with their jobs. B) People earning below $30,000 are as happy with jobs as those earning $35,000. C) People earning below $30,000 experience a positive correlation between pay and job satisfaction. D) People earning $50,000 have higher levels of job satisfaction than those earning $40,000. E) People's earnings have no relation to their job satisfaction if they earn $25,000.
C) People earning below $30,000 experience a positive correlation between pay and job satisfaction.
In Indonesia, comfortable living occurs at about $30,000. Based on the measurement of comfortable living, which of the following is most likely to be true? A) People earning approximately $25,000 are content with their jobs. B) People earning below $30,000 are as happy with jobs as those earning $35,000. C) People earning below $30,000 experience a positive correlation between pay and job satisfaction. D) People earning $50,000 have higher levels of job satisfaction than those earning $40,000. E) People's earnings have no relation to their job satisfaction if they earn $25,000.
C) People earning below $30,000 experience a positive correlation between pay and job satisfaction.
________ is the degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being. A) Psychological empowerment B) Employee engagement C) Perceived organizational support D) Organizational commitment E) Job involvement
C) Perceived organizational support
________ is the degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being. A) Psychological empowerment B) Employee engagement C) Perceived organizational support D) Organizational commitment E) Job involvement
C) Perceived organizational support
________ is the degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being. A) Psychological empowerment B) Employee engagement C) Perceived organizational support D) Organizational commitment E) Job involvement
C) Perceived organizational support
51) ________ refers to the ability to exert force against external objects. A) Body coordination B) Dynamic flexibility C) Static strength D) Extent flexibility E) Cognitive ability
C) Static strength
Erin Corbett works at a software company, in charge of the help desk. A short while ago, she received a call from a discontent customer about a problem he is facing due to the company's software. Though she tried to help the customer with the software, he refused to listen to her. He continued yelling at her and finally banged the phone down. Corbett feels exasperated after hanging up the phone and goes for a cup of coffee to calm herself down. What makes Corbett's anger an emotion, rather than a mood? A) The cause of her behavior is unclear. B) The feeling of being angry is prolonged. C) The anger has a contextual stimulus. D) The response is void of action. E) The response is cognitive in nature.
C) The anger has a contextual stimulus
Gould Furniture is one of the leading furniture companies in Indonesia. In the past, the company had a homogeneous workforce of Indonesian employees. The company is desperate to cut operating and manufacturing costs and, hence, is considering outsourcing part of the manufacturing process to low-cost Vietnam. However, local community leaders across the country are strongly opposing this decision. They believe that exporting jobs to other countries is detrimental to their country in every way possible. Which of the following, if true, is the flaw in the local community leaders' opinion? A) The country has one of the lowest rates of employment in Asia. B) Over 85 percent of Indonesia's revenue comes from agriculture. C) The furniture market contributes to 20 percent of deforestation in the country. D) The government of Indonesia provides substantial subsidies to start-up companies. E) Gould Furniture has alliances with local furniture companies in Vietnam.
C) The furniture market contributes to 20 percent of deforestation in the country.
Why should managers be interested in their employees' attitudes? A) They result from behavior. B) They lead to self-concordance. C) They give warnings of potential problems. D) They result in emotional contagion. E) They result in cognitive dissonance.
C) They give warnings of potential problems.
Why should managers be interested in their employees' attitudes? A) They result from behavior. B) They lead to self-concordance. C) They give warnings of potential problems. D) They result in emotional contagion. E) They result in cognitive dissonance.
C) They give warnings of potential problems.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about the major job attitudes? A) They are highly distinct from one another. B) They are generally resistant to change. C) They tend to overlap one another. D) They are not correlated to one another. E) They increase cognitive dissonance.
C) They tend to overlap one another.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about the major job attitudes? A) They are highly distinct from one another. B) They are generally resistant to change. C) They tend to overlap one another. D) They are not correlated to one another. E) They increase cognitive dissonance.
C) They tend to overlap one another.
Janice Hartley works as a writer at a fashion magazine in New York. She was recently asked by her editor to write an article on "10 must-haves for the autumn season." Her editor has now sent back the article saying it is not interesting enough to hold the attention of the reader. Janice is upset and disappointed about the feedback. Which component of an attitude is represented in this scenario? A) positive component B) cognitive component C) affective component D) behavioral component E) evaluative component
C) affective component
Leon Festinger argued that ________ follow(s) ________. A) behavior; attitudes B) emotions; attitude C) attitudes; behavior D) thought processes; moods E) conduct; feelings
C) attitudes; behavior
Joann Hayes is currently working on a project to tackle climate change. During the project, she needs to find different options to replace the use of non-renewable energy and check the feasibility of different renewable energy options before choosing the most practical one. Which of the following skills does Hayes primarily need to use for these tasks? A) human skills B) interpersonal skills C) conceptual skills D) communication skills E) interactive skills
C) conceptual skills
According to Fred Luthans and his associates, managers involved in traditional management activities undertook which of the following tasks? A) motivating B) socializing C) decision making D) training E) politicking
C) decision making
Which of the following is an example of a process at an individual level? A) group cohesion B) values C) decision making D) withdrawal behavior E) power and politics
C) decision making
The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework aids in understanding the consequences of ________. A) increasing growth opportunities B) emotional contagion C) dissatisfaction D) regular feedback E) high employee engagement
C) dissatisfaction
The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework aids in understanding the consequences of ________. A) increasing growth opportunities B) emotional contagion C) dissatisfaction D) regular feedback E) high employee engagement
C) dissatisfaction
52) Which of the following is a kind of physical ability which refers to the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements? A) equilibrium B) balance C) dynamic flexibility D) static strength E) body coordination
C) dynamic flexibility
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, a(n) ________ searches the organization and its environment for opportunities and initiates projects to bring about change. A) spokesperson B) disturbance handler C) entrepreneur D) resource allocator E) negotiator
C) entrepreneur
8) The ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible is known as . A) trunk strength B) static strength C) extent flexibility D) balance E) stamina
C) extent flexibility
Which of the following is an example of a position in a service job? A) human resource executive B) administrative executive C) flight attendant D) environmental campaigner E) production line worker
C) flight attendant
Regina George works as a campaign manager in a not-for-profit organization in Hampshire. For the upcoming campaign against genetic engineering, she is networking with managers who are working on the issue of food safety. Through her network of contacts, she strives to gain information about the stakeholders in the food industry and other lobby groups. Which of the following roles is George most likely to be playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles A) figurehead B) leader C) liaison D) entrepreneur E) resource allocator
C) liaison
Emotions such as relaxation, serenity, and calmness comprise the ________ mood dimension. A) low positive affect B) neutral affect C) low negative affect D) high positive affect E) high negative affect
C) low negative affect
Henry Hutchins is discontent with his job but believes that his supervisor is a good man who will do the needful to reduce his dissatisfaction with the job. He has decided to just wait and give his supervisor some time until conditions improve. Henry's response to this problem is termed as ________. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) ratification
C) loyalty
Henry Hutchins is discontent with his job but believes that his supervisor is a good man who will do whatever is necessary to reduce his dissatisfaction with the job. He has decided to just wait and give his supervisor some time until conditions improve. Henry's response to this problem is termed as ________. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) ratification
C) loyalty
Joe Dailey is unhappy with his job because he has not received the promotion due to him several years ago. However, in spite of this, he speaks up to support his company's actions even when the local newspaper is criticizing them. Which of the following types of response represents his behavior? A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance
C) loyalty
Joe Dailey is unhappy with his job because he has not received the promotion due to him several years ago. However, in spite of this, he speaks up to support his company's actions even when the local newspaper is criticizing them. Which of the following types of response represents his behavior? A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance
C) loyalty
To get his company through some hard economic times, Ben's working hours have just been reduced from 40 hours a week to 33. Ben is upset about the reduction in time and pay, but he shows up at work every morning and is willing to patiently wait until economic times improve and he can go back to working full time. Which of the following types of response is being displayed by Ben? A) voice B) neglect C) loyalty D) exit E) acceptance
C) loyalty
To get his company through some hard economic times, Ben's working hours have just been reduced from 40 hours a week to 33. Ben is upset about the reduction in time and pay, but he shows up at work every morning and is willing to patiently wait until economic times improve, and he can go back to working full time. Which of the following types of response is being displayed by Ben? A) voice B) neglect C) loyalty D) exit E) acceptance
C) loyalty
________ refers to feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus. A) Affect B) Cognition C) Mood D) Thought E) Reaction
C) mood
High levels of both job involvement and psychological empowerment are positively related to ________. A) withdrawal behavior B) positivity offset C) organizational citizenship D) emotional contagion E) cognitive dissonance
C) organizational citizenship
High levels of both job involvement and psychological empowerment are positively related to ________. A) withdrawal behavior B) positivity offset C) organizational citizenship D) emotional contagion E) cognitive dissonance
C) organizational citizenship
Bryan Eusebius has a positive attitude toward his organization. He feels the management treats all employees fairly in matters concerning rewards, is understanding toward their needs and requirements, and allows them to have a voice in decisions. Bryan's attitude toward his organization is indicative of ________. A) emotional contagion B) positivity offset C) perceived organizational support D) cognitive dissonance E) self-concordance
C) perceived organizational support
Bryan Eusebius has a positive attitude toward his organization. He feels the management treats all employees fairly in matters concerning rewards, is understanding toward their needs and requirements, and allows them to have a voice in decisions. Bryan's attitude toward his organization is indicative of ________. A) emotional contagion B) positivity offset C) perceived organizational support D) cognitive dissonance E) self-concordance
C) perceived organizational support
Bryan Eusebius has a positive attitude toward his organization. He feels the management treats all employees fairly in matters concerning rewards, is understanding toward their needs and requirements, and allows them to have a voice in decisions. Bryan's attitude toward his organization is indicative of ________. A) emotional contagion B) positivity offset C) perceived organizational support D) cognitive dissonance E) self-concordance
C) perceived organizational support
Joseph Pierce is the managing director of Drake Coal Power Plant in North Yorkshire. He knows that coal is a major contributor to climate change and has made his research team study impacts of coal on the environment. After knowing the facts, he faces a high degree of dissonance between his values and behavior. Which of the following is he most likely to do to reduce the dissonance between his belief and behavior? A) get government sanction to build and develop more power plants across the country B) increase revenue by building power plants in developing and under-developed countries C) reassure the public that there is no correlation between environment and coal production D) hire more employees to fill positions in new power plant stations E) provide locals benefits to substantiate for the effects of coal power stations
C) reassure the public that there is no correlation between environment and coal production
Joseph Pierce is the managing director of Drake Coal Power Plant in North Yorkshire. He knows that coal is a major contributor to climate change and has made his research team study impacts of coal on the environment. After knowing the facts, he faces a high degree of dissonance between his values and behavior. Which of the following is he most likely to do to reduce the dissonance between his belief and behavior? A) get government sanction to build and develop more power plants across the country B) increase revenue by building power plants in developing and underdeveloped countries C) reassure the public that there is no correlation between environment and coal production D) hire more employees to fill positions in new power plant stations E) provide locals benefits to substantiate for the effects of coal power stations
C) reassure the public that there is no correlation between environment and coal production
On which day of the week does the positive effect tend to be highest? A) Sundays B) Mondays C) Saturdays D) Tuesdays E) Wednesdays
C) saturdays
Which of the following does systematic study use to look at relationships to attribute causes and effects? A) intuitive data B) feelings C) scientific data D) instinct E) premonition
C) scientific data
In order to predict human behavior, it is best to supplement intuitive opinions with information derived from ________. A) common sense B) direct observation C) systematic study D) speculation E) organizational theory
C) systematic study
54) Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as dynamic strength? A) the ability to maintain equilibrium despite forces pulling off balance B) the ability to coordinate the simultaneous actions of different parts of the body C) the ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time D) the ability to expend a maximum of energy in one or a series of explosive acts E) the ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible
C) the ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time
Which of the following is an example of an input at an individual level? A) motivation B) moods C) values D) perception E) emotions
C) values
Which of the following is not true regarding positive and negative emotions in different cultures?
Compared to Mainland Chinese, Taiwanese are similar to Latin Americans in their experience of culture
Evidence based management
Complements systematic study. Mgmt decisions based on available science data
What are conceptual skills? How are they different from human skills?
Conceptual skills comprise the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations. The abilities to integrate new ideas with existing processes and innovate on the job are crucial conceptual skills for today's managers. On the other hand, the ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, defines human skills. For instance, many people are technically proficient, but they are poor listeners. They are unable to understand the needs of others or are weak at managing conflicts. Managers should have good human skills because they need to get tasks done by people.
Employee Responses to Dissatisfaction
Constructive/Destructive & Active/Passive
________ variables are variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables.
Contingency
Deep-level diversity
Contrast intellectual and physical ability.
As part of their sales training, the staff at Penny Stores is encouraged to build personal relationships with the store's patrons. Apart from receiving product training, the staff is taught to follow a scripted sales process wherein they must greet the customers, introduce themselves, and inquire about their purchase. They are also encouraged to engage in casual conversation with the customer. In a recent survey conducted by the marketing department, it was revealed that customers were dissatisfied with the level of service at Penny Stores. Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation?
Customers associate superior service with efficiency and not friendliness.
Individuals scoring ________ are highly sensitive to external situational cues and can behave differently in different situations. A) low on Machiavellianism B) high on narcissism C) low on agreeableness D) high on self-monitoring E) high on conscientiousness
D
Which of the follo!ing, if true, would weaken the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance A) She believes that beauty is merely a superficial aspect of one7s personality B) She does not wear ma6eup as she is a!are of the ingredients that go into ma6ing these products. C) She recently attended a presentation on the harmful effects of certain chemicals used in cosmetics. D) She believes that research and testing are an integral part of providing consumers with safe products. E) She feels that this field of !or6 does not allo! her to utilise her full potential
D
Which of the following answer choices is the best definition of attitude? A) Attitudes indicate how one will react to a given event. B) Attitudes are the yardstick by which one measures ones actions. C) Attitudes are the emotional part of an evaluation of a person, object, or event. D) Attitudes are evaluative statements of what one believes about something or someone. E) Attitudes are a measure of how the worth of an object, person or event is evaluated.
D
hardware interface C) meeting planner who must set up meetings for candidates around the world D) copy editor who seeks out spelling errors and grammatical mistakes in manuscripts E) realtor arranging sales between homeowners and potential buyers
D
which of the follo!ing statements is most likely to be true regarding cognitive dissonance A) high dissonance is accompanied by high re!ards. B) people are less inspired to reduce dissonance !hen it is !ithin their control. C) people are less likely to reduce dissonance !hen the behavior is crucial. D) people are more motivated to reduce dissonance !hen attitudes are important. E) $he desire to reduce dissonance is not affected by moods and emotions.
D people !ill be more motivated to reduce dissonance !henthe attitudes or behavior are important or !hen the% believe the dissonance is due to something the% can control.
Ben has been working as a process executive at an accounting firm for the past two years. A hard worker, his work is of good quality and he often puts in extra hours at the office to ensure his schedules are on track. Noticing his efforts, the management offers him a 20 percent hike. Two months later, Ben submits his resignation and soon joins a startup organization, at a senior position. Which of the following best explains this situation? A) Ben felt the hike was unwarranted. B) Ben, though highly skilled, lacked ambition. C) Ben was motivated by the prospect of extrinsic rewards. D) Ben found his work to be routine and monotonous. E) Ben was gunning for a position at the competing firm all along.
D) Ben found his work to be routine and monotonous
Ben has been working as a process executive at an accounting firm for the past two years. A hard worker, his work is of good quality and he often puts in extra hours at the office to ensure his schedules are on track. Noticing his efforts, the management offers him a 20 percent hike. Two months later, Ben submits his resignation and soon joins a startup organization, at a senior position. Which of the following best explains this situation? A) Ben felt the hike was unwarranted. B) Ben, though highly skilled, lacked ambition. C) Ben was motivated by the prospect of extrinsic rewards. D) Ben found his work to be routine and monotonous. E) Ben was gunning for a position at the competing firm all along.
D) Ben found his work to be routine and monotonous.
Ben has been working as a process executive at an accounting firm for the past two years. A hard worker, his work is of good quality and he often puts in extra hours at the office to ensure his schedules are on track. Noticing his efforts, the management offers him a 20 percent hike. Two months later, Ben submits his resignation and soon joins a startup organization, at a senior position. Which of the following best explains this situation? A) Ben felt the hike was unwarranted. B) Ben, though highly skilled, lacked ambition. C) Ben was motivated by the prospect of extrinsic rewards. D) Ben found his work to be routine and monotonous. E) Ben was gunning for a position at the competing firm all along.
D) Ben found his work to be routine and monotonous.
Charles, Anna, Elle, and Adam are college friends and work in New York City. Comfortable living in New York occurs at about $40,000 a year. Charles makes $24,000 a year, Anna makes $30,000 a year, Elle makes $50,000 a year, and Adam makes $75,000 a year. Which of the following is most likely to be true with reference to correlation between pay and job satisfaction? A) Charles is more satisfied with his job in comparison with Anna. B) Anna is more satisfied with the job than Adam. C) Charles and Adam share identical levels of job satisfaction related to pay. D) Elle and Adam are most likely to have a similar level of job satisfaction. E) Charles and Anna have the same levels of job satisfaction in relation to their pay.
D) Elle and Adam are most likely to have a similar level of job satisfaction.
Charles, Anna, Elle, and Adam are college friends and work in New York City. Comfortable living in New York occurs at about $40,000 a year. Charles makes $24,000 a year, Anna makes $30,000 a year, Elle makes $50,000 a year, and Adam makes $75,000 a year. Which of the following is most likely to be true with reference to correlation between pay and job satisfaction? A) Charles is more satisfied with his job in comparison with Anna. B) Anna is more satisfied with the job than Adam. C) Charles and Adam share identical levels of job satisfaction related to pay. D) Elle and Adam are most likely to have a similar level of job satisfaction. E) Charles and Anna have the same levels of job satisfaction in relation to their pay.
D) Elle and Adam are most likely to have a similar level of job satisfaction.
The business head at Solaris Services was alarmed by the finding of a recent survey conducted in-house which revealed that most employees were dissatisfied with their work. He holds a meeting with various department heads to identify ways to stem the brewing discontent. One manager suggests providing employees with greater training opportunities. What assumption is the manager making? A) Employees feel that their efforts are not being adequately recognized by the management. B) Employees are highly skilled and value economic rewards over and above opportunities for growth. C) Employees are stifled by the degree of centralized control and bureaucracy within the organization. D) Employees feel that their employer does not value them enough to make investments in them. E) Employees feel excluded from organizational issues that have an influence on them.
D) Employees feel that their employer does not value them enough to make investments in them.
The business head at Solaris Services was alarmed by the finding of a recent survey conducted in-house which revealed that most employees were dissatisfied with their work. He holds a meeting with various department heads to identify ways to stem the brewing discontent. One manager suggests providing employees with greater training opportunities. What assumption is the manager making? A) Employees feel that their efforts are not being adequately recognized by the management. B) Employees are highly skilled and value economic rewards over and above opportunities for growth. C) Employees are stifled by the degree of centralized control and bureaucracy within the organization. D) Employees feel that their employer does not value them enough to make investments in them. E) Employees feel excluded from organizational issues that have an influence on them.
D) Employees feel that their employer does not value them enough to make investments in them.
________ refers to basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific proof. A) Emergency management B) Personal knowledge management C) Property management D) Evidence-based management E) Knowledge management
D) Evidence-based management
Which of the following statements is true regarding negotiation? A) Displaying a negative emotion at a negotiation can never be effective. B) Angry negotiators who have less power than opponents have better outcomes. C) Individuals who do poorly in a negotiation are more willing to be cooperative in future negotiations. D) Feeling bad about your performance during a negotiation tends to impair future negotiations. E) Individuals who do poorly in a negotiation develop positive perceptions of their counterpart.
D) Feeling bad about your performance during a negotiation tends to impair future negotiations
Which of the following is not a reality for today's workforce? A) Many workers never get away from the virtual workplace. B) Organizations are asking employees to put in longer hours. C) Employees have fewer outside commitments. D) Issues related to well-being have dropped as the number of employees who work at home rises. E) The line between work and non-work time has become blurred.
D) Issues related to well-being have dropped as the number of employees who work at home rises.
Which of the following is an argument used against emotional intelligence? A) It is not genetically influenced and thus is void of an underlying biological factor. B) It does not have the capacity to predict criteria that matter. C) It can be learned by experience. D) It cannot be measured easily and measures of EI are diverse. E) It is not closely related to intelligence and personality.
D) It cannot be measured easily and measures of EI are diverse
Which of the following is true regarding systematic study? A) It attributes causes and effects based on intuition. B) It involves supporting decisions based on gut feelings. C) It analyzes relationships based on previous experiences. D) It involves analyzing relationships based on scientific data. E) It involves taking action based on instinct.
D) It involves analyzing relationships based on scientific data.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding cognitive dissonance? A) High dissonance is accompanied by high rewards. B) People are less inspired to reduce dissonance when it is within their control. C) People are less likely to reduce dissonance when the behavior is crucial. D) People are more motivated to reduce dissonance when attitudes are important. E) The desire to reduce dissonance is not affected by moods and emotions.
D) People are more motivated to reduce dissonance when attitudes are important
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding cognitive dissonance? A) High dissonance is accompanied by high rewards. B) People are less inspired to reduce dissonance when it is within their control. C) People are less likely to reduce dissonance when the behavior is crucial. D) People are more motivated to reduce dissonance when attitudes are important. E) The desire to reduce dissonance is not affected by moods and emotions.
D) People are more motivated to reduce dissonance when attitudes are important.
50) ________ may be referred to as the capacity to undertake tasks that demand stamina, dexterity, and strength. A) Cognitive abilities B) Intellectual abilities C) Mental abilities D) Physical abilities E) Emotional intelligence
D) Physical abilities
Sonia works as a lab research assistant at Frost Labs which conducts trials for cosmetic products such as sprays, dyes, ointments, soaps, and the like. She joined the firm right out of college and has been working for them for almost two years now. 16) Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance? A) She believes that beauty is merely a superficial aspect of one's personality. B) She does not wear makeup as she is aware of the ingredients that go into making these products. C) She recently attended a presentation on the harmful effects of certain chemicals used in cosmetics. D) She believes that research and testing are an integral part of providing consumers with safe products. E) She feels that this field of work does not allow her to utilize her full potential.
D) She believes that research and testing are an integral part of providing consumers with safe products.
Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance? A) She believes that beauty is merely a superficial aspect of one's personality. B) She does not wear makeup as she is aware of the ingredients that go into making these products. C) She recently attended a presentation on the harmful effects of certain chemicals used in cosmetics. D) She believes that research and testing are an integral part of providing consumers with safe products. E) She feels that this field of work does not allow her to utilize her full potential.
D) She believes that research and testing are an integral part of providing consumers with safe products.
Which of the following is true about emotions? A) They are experienced over several days or months. B) They are never caused by specific events. C) They are less intense than moods. D) They are critical to rational thinking. E) They are less fleeting than moods.
D) They are critical to rational thinking
26) Which of the following is true with respect to biographical characteristics? A) They are non-objective in nature and cannot be observed. B) They represent characteristics such as personality and work ethics. C) They cannot be obtained from personnel records. D) They are representative of surface-level diversity. E) They comprise features such as motivation and commitment.
D) They are representative of surface-level diversity.
Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of disengaged employees? A) They feel a deep connection for their organization. B) They have a sense of passion for their work. C) They have the lowest levels of turnover. D) They put in time but give no attention to their work. E) They proactively take up responsibilities.
D) They put in time but give no attention to their work
Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of disengaged employees? A) They feel a deep connection for their organization. B) They have a sense of passion for their work. C) They have the lowest levels of turnover. D) They put in time but give no attention to their work. E) They proactively take up responsibilities.
D) They put in time but give no attention to their work.
Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of disengaged employees? A) They feel a deep connection for their organization. B) They have a sense of passion for their work. C) They have the lowest levels of turnover. D) They put in time but give no attention to their work. E) They proactively take up responsibilities.
D) They put in time but give no attention to their work.
27) Which of the following explains why the relationship between age and job performance is likely to be of increasing importance during the next decade? A) The workforce is shrinking, and older workers are compelled to work beyond retirement. B) A decline in immigration has opened up more entry-level positions for older workers. C) Increasing job opportunities are opening up in the domestic sector, resulting in a dearth of employees. D) U.S. legislation, in effect, outlaws mandatory retirement. E) A majority of people believe that productivity rises as a person grows older.
D) U.S. legislation, in effect, outlaws mandatory retirement.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about differences between men and women in relation to emotional reactions? A) Men are more emotionally expressive than women. B) Men experience emotions more intensely than women. C) Women express anger more frequently than men. D) Women tend to hold onto emotions longer than men. E) Men display positive emotions more frequently than women.
D) Women tend to hold onto emotions longer than men
Ashley Madison works as a receptionist at a fashion magazine. One morning, her boss walks into the office and yells at her, telling her that the front office is a mess and she needs to clean it immediately. After her boss leaves the room, Madison goes to the front office and violently slams trash into the bin. Which of the following best describes Madison's anger? A) a recognition B) an insight C) a mood D) an emotion E) a perception
D) a perception
The concept of "reflected best-self" involves ________. A) focusing on eliminating shortcomings to bring out the best in oneself B) making employees aware of their weaknesses and rectifying them C) observing and monitoring drawbacks of a team and then increasing their efficiency with the help of adequate training D) asking employees to think about when they were at their personal best in order to exploit their strengths E) studying industry-wide best practices and then implementing it
D) asking employees to think about when they were at their personal best in order to exploit their strengths
6)The physical ability that allows a body to maintain equilibrium despite opposing forces is known as . A) extent flexibility B) stamina C) body coordination D) balance E) static strength
D) balance
Kimberley Mayfield recently evaluated her subordinate's progress report. She now plans to inform her about the objectives she did not achieve and how she can perform better. By doing this, Mayfield will be demonstrating the ________ component of an attitude. A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive
D) behavioral
Kimberley Mayfield recently evaluated her subordinate's progress report. She now plans to inform her about the objectives she did not achieve and how she can perform better. By doing this, Mayfield will be demonstrating the ________ component of an attitude. A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive
D) behavioral
Which of the following is an example of a process at the organizational level? A) attitudes and stress B) withdrawal behavior C) emotions and moods D) change of practices E) team responsibilities
D) change of practices
The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace is called ________ behavior. A) withdrawal B) associative C) networked D) citizenship E) cohesive
D) citizenship
Group ________ is the extent to which members of a group support and validate one another at work. A) affect B) associability C) think D) cohesion E) maturity
D) cohesion
Which of the following is an example of an epicurean activity which helps increase a person's positive mood? A) attending a meeting B) playing video games C) going on a ski vacation D) eating a meal with friends E) watching a movie
D) eating a meal with friends
Alejandro is constantly annoying people in the office. He speaks his mind freely without taking into consideration how it will affect others, doesn't try to smile when he's in a bad mood, and can't understand why other people are upset with him. Alejandro's inability to be self-aware indicates that he has a very low ________. A) cognitive intelligence B) self-esteem C) negative affect D) emotional intelligence E) job satisfaction
D) emotional intelligence
56) The ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible is known as ________. A) static strength B) stamina C) trunk strength D) extent flexibility E) balance
D) extent flexibility
Which of the following is an example of the affective component of an attitude? A) believing that one achieved all objectives of a project B) relying on the information of a company's annual report C) perceiving whistle-blowing as the right thing to do D) feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing E) deciding to fire an employee because of underperformance
D) feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing
Which of the following is an example of the affective component of an attitude? A) believing that one achieved all objectives of a project B) relying on the information of a company's annual report C) perceiving whistle-blowing as the right thing to do D) feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing E) deciding to fire an employee because of underperformance
D) feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing
Which of the following is an example of the affective component of an attitude? A) believing that one achieved all objectives of a project B) relying on the information of a company's annual report C) perceiving whistle-blowing as the right thing to do D) feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing E) deciding to fire an employee because of underperformance
D) feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing
Amber and Emma were recently hired by a marketing agency. Though there is a lot of work that has been allotted to both of them, Amber is always in a good mood. Emma, on the other hand, appears to be depressed with her job. In such a situation, as compared to Emma, Amber is more likely to ________. A) take an extended time at processing information B) have poor problem-solving skills C) make poorer decisions D) find better solutions to problems E) weigh all possible options rather than the most likely ones
D) find better solutions to problems
Carlos is upset because his boss gave him work to finish over the weekend. It is Friday. Which of the following is most likely to help Carlos lift his spirits? A) watching TV with his friends B) playing a video game at home C) attending a meeting D) going to a party with his friends E) attending a training session
D) going to a party with his friends
Wanda Elder works as a human resource executive. Being helpful is inherent in her nature and she regularly interacts with employees helping them understand their needs and ease difficulties. She reads emotional cues of people with ease and knows how to express her emotions without violating organizational norms. Which of the the following is Elder characterized by? A) high cognitive dissonance B) low self-esteem C) high emotional dissonance D) high emotional intelligence E) low job satisfaction
D) high emotional intelligence
Jean Ervin works as a fund raising executive at a women rights organization in San Diego. Though she has been with the organization for only a year now, she has already been promoted and often gets excellent feedback from her manager. Her manager says that the key to Ervin's good performance is because she is happy with the work she does and she is excited about the challenges in tasks which she takes up with a lot of enthusiasm. Which of the following mood dimensions is Ervin most likely to be feeling? A) low positive affect B) neutral affect C) low negative affect D) high positive affect E) high negative affect
D) high positive affect
Which of the following determinants of behavior does organizational behavior study? A) profits B) job satisfaction C) perks D) individuals E) collective bargaining
D) individuals
The most important thing a manager can do to raise employee satisfaction is to focus on ________. A) employee pay B) benefits C) work hours D) intrinsic parts of the job E) employee productivity
D) intrinsic parts of the job
The most important thing a manager can do to raise employee satisfaction is to focus on ________. A) employee pay B) benefits C) work hours D) intrinsic parts of the job E) employee productivity
D) intrinsic parts of the job
Annette Simpson works for a fashion house in Paris and is preparing for the company's upcoming line of winter clothing. She is currently researching online to know what is in vogue this season. In addition, she is also networking with contacts from the press and fashion magazine editors to understand the changing tastes of consumers. Which of the following roles is Simpson playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles? A) figurehead B) leader C) symbol head D) monitor E) spokesperson
D) monitor
________ are cognitive in nature, have an unclear, general cause, and last for several hours or days. A) Emotions B) Feelings C) Perceptions D) Moods E) Reactions
D) moods
Employees with positive core self-evaluations believe in their inner worth and basic competence and are more satisfied with their jobs than those with negative core self-evaluations. The concept of positive core self-evaluations indicates that ________. A) promotions and growth opportunities influence job satisfaction B) employees should be regularly monitored and provided feedback C) job conditions have a direct influence on job satisfaction D) personality plays a role in job satisfaction E) pay always has a direct correlation with job satisfaction
D) personality plays a role in job satisfaction
Employees with positive core self-evaluations believe in their inner worth and basic competence, and are more satisfied with their jobs than those with negative core self-evaluations. The concept of positive core self-evaluations indicates that ________. A) promotions and growth opportunities influence job satisfaction B) employees should be regularly monitored and provided feedback C) job conditions have a direct influence on job satisfaction D) personality plays a role in job satisfaction E) pay always has a direct correlation with job satisfaction
D) personality plays a role in job satisfaction
According to Fred Luthans and his associates, managers who are involved in networking activities are most likely to undertake which of the following? A) planning B) decision making C) controlling D) politicking E) staffing
D) politicking
________ is a pure marker of low negative affect. A) Boredom B) Nervousness C) Contentment D) Relaxation E) Serenity
D) relaxation
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to make or approve significant organizational decisions and assign human, physical, and monetary assets. A) disseminator B) liaison C) entrepreneur D) resource allocator E) disturbance handlers
D) resource allocator
Dennis Galvan works as a campaigner at Green Earth, an environmental organization. Every month, his organization arranges a team outing where they indulge in football and other team building activities. The human resource department ensures that there are regular interactions between employees through team dinners and cultural events. According to the information given in this case, which of the following is most likely to be the reason of Galvan's high-level of satisfaction toward his job? A) salary packaging B) promotion and growth C) constructive dismissal D) social context E) profile of work
D) social context
Dennis Galvan works as a campaigner at Green Earth, an environmental organization. Every month, his organization arranges a team outing where they indulge in football and other team-building activities. The human resource department ensures that there are regular interactions between employees through team dinners and cultural events. According to the information given in this case, which of the following is most likely to be the reason for Galvan's high level of satisfaction toward his job? A) salary packaging B) promotion and growth C) constructive dismissal D) social context E) profile of work
D) social context
Analyzing relationships, determining causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence, all constitute aspects of ________ study. A) organizational B) intuitive C) theoretical D) systematic E) case-based
D) systematic
53) Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as trunk strength? A) the ability to maintain equilibrium despite forces pulling off balance B) the ability to coordinate the simultaneous actions of different parts of the body C) the ability to expend a maximum of energy in one or a series of explosive acts D) the ability to exert muscular strength using the abdominal muscles E) the ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible
D) the ability to exert muscular strength using the abdominal muscles
Kimberley Mayfield recently evaluated her subordinate's progress report. she now plans to inform her about the objectives she did not achieve and ho! she can perform better. By doing this, Mayfield will be demonstrating the ________ component of an attitude. A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive
D) the behavioral component of an attitude describes an intention to behave in a certain !a% toward someone or something. By planning to inform her subordinate of her performance, Mayfield is demonstrating the behavioral component of attitude.
Employees are most likely to perceive their organization as supportive when ________. A) they experience a cognitive dissonance between their job attitude and behavior B) the affective component of the attitude is extremely strong C) there is a weak relationship between their attitude and behavior D) they have a voice in decisions E) they experience an emotional contagion while performing their job duties
D) they have a voice in decisions
Employees are most likely to perceive their organization as supportive when ________. A) they experience a cognitive dissonance between their job attitude and behavior B) the affective component of the attitude is extremely strong C) there is a weak relationship between their attitude and behavior D) they have a voice in decisions E) they experience an emotional contagion while performing their job duties
D) they have a voice in decisions
The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework expands employee response to include voice and loyalty — constructive behaviors that allow individuals to ________. A) revolt against the management B) reject unionization and focus on team building activities C) identify psychologically with their jobs D) tolerate unpleasant situations or revive satisfactory working conditions E) decrease emotional contagion
D) tolerate unpleasant situations or revive satisfactory working conditions
The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework expands employee response to include voice and loyalty—constructive behaviors that allow individuals to ________. A) revolt against the management B) reject unionization and focus on team-building activities C) identify psychologically with their jobs D) tolerate unpleasant situations or revive satisfactory working conditions E) decrease emotional contagion
D) tolerate unpleasant situations or revive satisfactory working conditions
Job dissatisfaction is more likely to translate into ________ when employees feel or perceive they have many available alternatives and when employees have high human capital. A) high productivity B) employee engagement C) increased customer satisfaction D) turnover E) organizational citizenship behavior
D) turnover
Job dissatisfaction is more likely to translate into ________ when employees feel or perceive they have many available alternatives and when employees have high human capital. A) high productivity B) employee engagement C) increased customer satisfaction D) turnover E) organizational citizenship behavior
D) turnover
47) Audrey Smith is a renowned psychiatrist in New Jersey. While interacting with patients, she needs to understand their points of view by listening intently to what they say. It is important that she understands their problems so that she can offer advice. In such a situation, Smith is using the ________ dimension of intellectual ability. A) number aptitude B) perpetual speed C) spatial visualization D) verbal comprehension E) lateral thinking
D) verbal comprehension
10)__________refers to an overall factor of intelligence as suggested by the positive correlations among specific intellectual ability dimensions. A) Extelligence B) The Flynn effect C) Virtual memory D) General mental ability E) Malleable intelligence
D)General mental ability
5)Kimberly Ortiz strongly believes in working for a company that promotes diversity. She believes that such organizations are respectful of differences and allow employees more exposure. She recently attended an interview where she was told that the company follows policies that focus on organizational diversity. However, when she finally joined the company, she had a strong feeling that the company's claim was not true. Which of the following, if true, weakens Kimberly's belief that the company does not encourage diversity? A) Eighty-five percent of the top management positions in the company are held by men. B) The previous company she worked for made a conscious effort to employ an equal number of men and women. C) Her team members believe that they are treated equally in spite of differences in performance. D) The workforce is not dominated by any specific ethnic or racial group. E)She is the only African-American member in the entire workforce.
D)The workforce is not dominated by any specific ethnic or racial group.
Which of the following is an example of the affective component of an attitude A) believing that one achieved all objectives of a project B) relying on the information of a companies annual report C) perceiving whistle-blowing as the right thing to do D) feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a !rongdoing E) deciding to fire an employee because of underperformance
D)the affective component refers to the emotional, or feeling, segment of an attitude
Systematic study
Data measured under controlled conditions and improves ability to actively predict behavior.
Which of the following is an example of deep acting?
Dave tries to get along with a co-worker because they will soon be working together on a project.
The practice of modifying one's true inner feelings based on display rules is known as __________
Deep acting
6) ________ diversity refers to diversity with respect to attributes that are less easy to observe initially but that can be inferred after more direct experience. A) Surface-level B) Additive C) Demographic D) Deep-level E) Conjunctive
Deep-level
Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of moods and emotions on decision making? A) Moods and emotions have no direct influence on decision making. B) People in good moods are less likely than others to use heuristics to make decisions. C) Positive emotions tend to diminish problem-solving skills and analytical skills. D) People with positive emotions are slower at processing information than depressed people. E) Depressed people tend to weigh all possible options rather than the most likely ones.
Depressed people tend to weigh all possible options rather than the most likely ones. OB researchers are increasingly finding that moods and emotions have important effects on decision making. People in good moods or experiencing positive emotions are more likely than others to use heuristics, or rules of thumb, to help make good decisions quickly. Positive emotions enhance problem-solving skills. Depressed people are slower at processing information and tend to weigh all possible options rather than the most likely ones.
Negative affect is a mood dimension consisting of ________ at the low end.
Depression
Forms of Discrimination
Discriminatory Polices or Practices Sexual Harassment Intimidation Mockery and Insults Exclusion Incivility
Deep acting is trying to modify one's true inner feelings based on _________ .
Display rules.
Surface acting deals only with _________ emotions
Displayed
Incivility
Disrespectful treatment, including behaving in an aggressive manner, interrupting the person or ignoring his or her opinions. (ex: female lawyers note that male attorneys frequently cut them off of do not adequately address their comments)
The exit-voice-loyalty-negelect framework aids in understanding the consequences of ________
Dissatisfaction
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n)________is to transmit information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization.
Disseminator
Examples of Input...
Diversity/Personality/Values (individual) structure/role/responsibilities (group) structure/culture (organization)
Which of the following questions best helps understand an employee's organizational commitment? Do you feel the organization will take care of you and your family in times of need? Do you believe in the organization's objective on sustainable work practices? Do you feel you have a good working relationship with team members? Does the organization provide valuable feedback to help you increase productivity? Do you enjoy your work even in the face of challenges?
Do you believe in the organization's objective on sustainable work practices?
15) Positive affect is a mood dimension consisting of ________ at the low end. A) excitement B) stress C) nervousness D) tranquility E) boredom
E
With reference to cognitive dissonance, in !hich of the following situations is the attitude behavior relationship most likely to be strong A) the affective component of the attitude is weak. B) the behavior is not affected by the cognitive component of the attitude. C) the attitude does not reflect the person's fundamental values. D) the behavior is affected by external factors and is not entirely under the control of the person. E) the attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience
E
Janice is spending the summer working as an intern writing copy for a local firm. Today Janice's senior editor sent back some of Janice's work covered in red ink corrections. Up until now, all of Janice's work had been corrected in green or blue ink. Janice is upset and worried that her senior editor doesn't like her. Which component of an attitude is not represented in the previous scenario? A) the positive component B) the cognitive component C) the affective component D) the negative component E) the behavioral component
E *Know 3 components of attitude*
Which of the follo!ing does cognitive dissonance indicate bet!een t!o or more attitudes or bet!een behavior and attitudes A) congruity B) tenacit% C) solidarit% D) consistenc% E) incompatibility
E)
32) Raylon Inc. needs to hire a new floor supervisor. As the company has recently made an effort to increase diversity within the organization, the HR team wants to hire a qualified female candidate for the role instead of adequately qualified male candidates. However, top management insists that optimal performance is the top priority and that the candidate hired should be the person best suited for the job. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen HR's case for hiring the female candidate? A) There are nearly as many female employees on the floor as male employees. B) The company has recently introduced policies that provide greater benefits for working and single mothers. C) Most of the top-level managers in the company are female. D) The company policy stipulates that each employee has to work at least one week per month on a night shift. E) Both candidates have the qualifications required to perform up to expectations.
E) Both candidates have the qualifications required to perform up to expectations.
________ variables are variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. A) Global B) General C) Dependent D) Non-reactive E) Contingency
E) Contingency
Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of moods and emotions on decision making? A) Moods and emotions have no direct influence on decision making. B) People in good moods are less likely than others to use heuristics to make decisions. C) Positive emotions tend to diminish problem-solving skills and analytical skills. D) People with positive emotions are slower at processing information as compared to depressed people. E) Depressed people tend to weigh all possible options rather than the most likely ones.
E) Depressed people tend to weigh all possible options rather than the most likely ones
Which of the following questions best helps understand an employee's organizational commitment? A) Do you feel you have a good working relationship with team members? B) Do you feel the organization will take care of you and your family in times of need? C) Do you enjoy your work even in the face of challenges? D) Does the organization provide valuable feedback to help you increase productivity? E) Do you believe in the organization's objective on sustainable work practices?
E) Do you believe in the organization's objective on sustainable work practices?
Which of the following questions best helps understand an employee's organizational commitment? A) Do you feel you have a good working relationship with team members? B) Do you feel the organization will take care of you and your family in times of need? C) Do you enjoy your work even in the face of challenges? D) Does the organization provide valuable feedback to help you increase productivity? E) Do you believe in the organization's objective on sustainable work practices?
E) Do you believe in the organization's objective on sustainable work practices?
Which of the following questions best helps understand the degree of perceived organizational support among employees? A) Do you believe that employee engagement has a large impact on productivity? B) Do you believe there is sufficient employee engagement in your department? C) Do your beliefs align with the organization's vision and long-term goals? D) Do you feel the long-term goals on sustainable work practices are workable? E) Do you feel the organization has sufficient recognition rewards to value good work?
E) Do you feel the organization has sufficient recognition rewards to value good work?
Which of the following questions best helps understand the degree of perceived organizational support among employees? A) Do you believe that employee engagement has a large impact on productivity? B) Do you believe there is sufficient employee engagement in your department? C) Do your beliefs align with the organization's vision and long-term goals? D) Do you feel the long-term goals on sustainable work practices are workable? E) Do you feel the organization has sufficient recognition rewards to value good work?
E) Do you feel the organization has sufficient recognition rewards to value good work?
Alana Gore works as a campaign manager at a non-profit organization in Manhattan. She was recently asked by her supervisor to give a presentation on the progress of the ongoing climate campaign. However, throughout the presentation, her colleague Kelly Simmons interrupts her by asking irrelevant questions. In addition, she tries to insult her by constantly criticizing key findings and objectives achieved. Though Gore initially tried to be patient, she eventually loses her cool and retorts back asking her to keep her questions and clarifications for the end of the presentation. Which of the following is a reason why Gore's reaction can be categorized as an emotion instead of a mood? A) Its cause is general and ambiguous. B) It is not action-oriented. C) It incorporates both positive and negative dimensions of affect. D) It is less cognitive in nature than moods. E) It is caused by a specific event.
E) It is caused by a specific event
Which of the following is true regarding models? A) Models propose five types of variables. B) Models proceed from outcomes to processes. C) Models are used only in manufacturing organizations. D) Models proceed from processes to inputs. E) Models show that outcomes can influence inputs in the future.
E) Models show that outcomes can influence inputs in the future.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding moods? A) Moods are always brought about by a specific event. B) Moods last for a very short period of time such as a few seconds. C) As compared to emotions, moods are more likely to be clearly revealed by facial expressions. D) Moods are more fleeting than emotions. E) Moods are cognitive in nature.
E) Moods are cognitive in nature
Dawn Wang heads an ad agency in Texas and regularly needs to work with copywriters, artists, and designers to come up with effective branding solutions for products. For one of the company's esteemed clients, Wang and her team need to brainstorm ideas for a slogan for the client's new line of clothing. In such a situation, why is it particularly important for Wang to keep her team happy? A) People take a long time at processing information when they are in a good mood. B) People tend to weigh all options to make less likely decisions when in a good mood. C) People are less likely to use rules of thumb when they are in a good mood. D) People tend to make decisions quickly when they are in a good mood. E) People are more creative and produce more ideas when they are in a good mood.
E) People are more creative and produce more ideas when they are in a good mood
________ seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. A) Meteorology B) Theology C) Epistemology D) Lexicology E) Psychology
E) Psychology
12) The human resources department of Orbit Bank believes in being unbiased toward all employees and treating them fairly. They believe it is crucial that the company treat all their employees equally. However Susan Daniels, an employee at the bank, recently filed a lawsuit against the company, claiming that she was discriminated against. Which of the following, if true, best justifies Susan's action? A) The company did not give her preferential treatment even though she was from the host country. B) She was asked whether she was over eighteen during the first round in the interview process. C) Her colleagues expressed their dissatisfaction over their pay and severance packages. D) She had faced a similar situation of discrimination in her previous company. E) She was given the same incentives as her colleagues in spite of performing better than them.
E) She was given the same incentives as her colleagues in spite of performing better than them.
Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma? A) Should I work extra hours to complete my assignment? B) Should I e-mail my manager about queries on the project? C) Should I discuss with the management the perks being offered? D) Should I ask my manager for leave during Christmas? E) Should I play politics to advance my career?
E) Should I play politics to advance my career?
With reference to cognitive dissonance, in which of the following situations is the attitude-behavior relationship most likely to be strong? A) The affective component of the attitude is weak. B) The behavior is not affected by the cognitive component of the attitude. C) The attitude does not reflect the person's fundamental values. D) The behavior is affected by external factors and is not entirely under the control of the person. E) The attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience.
E) The attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience
With reference to cognitive dissonance, in which of the following situations is the attitude-behavior relationship most likely to be strong? A) The affective component of the attitude is weak. B) The behavior is not affected by the cognitive component of the attitude. C) The attitude does not reflect the person's fundamental values. D) The behavior is affected by external factors and is not entirely under the control of the person. E) The attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience.
E) The attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience.
With reference to cognitive dissonance, in which of the following situations is the attitude-behavior relationship most likely to be strong? A) The affective component of the attitude is weak. B) The behavior is not affected by the cognitive component of the attitude. C) The attitude does not reflect the person's fundamental values. D) The behavior is affected by external factors and is not entirely under the control of the person. E) The attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience.
E) The attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience.
The findings of a recent company survey at Rader Industries showed that employees are experiencing high levels of work stress. To offset this, a manager suggests instituting a leave policy whereby employees must go on a mandatory vacation for 7 days in the year. Under which of the following conditions, if true, would the manager's suggestion most likely be accepted? A) The company recently acquired a new client and work volumes are expected to increase. B) The company halted its hiring plans for the year in order to focus on developing talent in-house. C) The company allows employees to encash their unused leave at the end of every year. D) The company promotes work-life balance, by offering employees flexible working arrangements. E) The company has a "use it or lose it" policy whereby unused leave lapses at the end of every year.
E) The company has a "use it or lose it" policy whereby unused leave lapses at the end of every year
Which of the following statements represents the cognitive component of attitude? A) I have decided to inform my supervisor that I will be quitting my job. B) I intend to work during the weekend to meet the month's deadline. C) I feel upset about having to work during Christmas. D) It is disappointing to know that I did not get a good evaluation. E) This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills.
E) This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills
Which of the following statements represents the cognitive component of attitude? A) I have decided to inform my supervisor that I will be quitting my job. B) I intend to work during the weekend to meet the month's deadline. C) I feel upset about having to work during Christmas. D) It is disappointing to know that I did not get a good evaluation. E) This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills.
E) This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills.
Which of the following statements represents the cognitive component of attitude? A) I have decided to inform my supervisor that I will be quitting my job. B) I intend to work during the weekend to meet the month's deadline. C) I feel upset about having to work during Christmas. D) It is disappointing to know that I did not get a good evaluation. E) This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills.
E) This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills.
Katherine Connor started her day with a cup of coffee while reading the newspaper. However, something about the day makes her feel low. When she reaches the office, she feels upset and distracted from work, although she cannot pinpoint a reason for feeling this way. She continues to feel upset and distracted through the rest of the day. Which of the following is she most likely to be experiencing? A) a response B) a reaction C) a counteraction D) an attitude E) a mood
E) a mood
) Ben Ervin often experiences emotions in a much stronger manner than most of his other colleagues. Events that do not provoke any significant emotional response from another person, send him into fits of happiness, anger, or depression. In view of such a situation, Ervin is displaying a high level of ________. A) intelligence quotient B) sentience quotient C) intellectual giftedness D) butterfly effect E) affect intensity
E) affect intensity
Recent studies show ________. A) the line between work and non-work is becoming less blurred B) most employees are achieving a better work-life balance C) money and recognition define career success above all else D) the majority of men and women rank autonomy as the number one indicator of career success E) attaining a balance between personal life and work is a primary career goal
E) attaining a balance between personal life and work is a primary career goal
Which of the following is an example of an outcome at an individual level? A) structure B) culture C) politics D) power E) attitude
E) attitude
57) The physical ability that allows a body to maintain equilibrium despite opposing forces is known as ________. A) stamina B) extent flexibility C) static strength D) body coordination E) balance
E) balance
Raymond Mayer is conducting a study on discrimination against campaign activists based on gender. In his study, he noted that male executives who visited Indonesian villages to promote the use of renewable energy received a highly positive response. In contrast, women who visited the same villages received an antagonistic response. However, Mayer stated that his findings only applied to villages. In this study, the presence of a village is considered a ________ variable. A) global B) general C) dependent D) non-reactive E) contingency
E) contingency
43) Irene Jones, a project manager at a water conservation foundation, is holding a team meeting to discuss the different modes of spreading awareness about the issue of water conservation to the public. A team member, John Sullivan, states that using broadcasting media is the best way to reach out to the public. On the other hand, Pamela Riley states that print media is the right medium to spread word about the issue. Jones is now weighing the pros and cons of both her team members' suggestions before choosing the medium which will be most appropriate for the water conservation project. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability is Jones most likely to be using to make her decision? A) number aptitude B) spatial visualization C) memory D) lateral masking E) deductive reasoning
E) deductive reasoning
) Rashid is dissatisfied at work. He feels he is paid too little and asked to do too much. To compensate for his perceived unjust pay, he regularly takes work supplies home for personal use, such as computer ink cartridges, staplers, and reams of paper. Rashid's behavior is an example of ________. A) employee OCB B) customer satisfaction C) high productivity D) turnover rate E) deviant behavior
E) deviant behavior
Rashid is dissatisfied at work. He feels he is paid too little and asked to do too much. To compensate for his perceived unjust pay, he regularly takes work supplies, such as computer ink cartridges, staplers, and reams of paper, home for personal use. Rashid's behavior is an example of ________. A) employee OCB B) customer satisfaction C) high productivity D) turnover rate E) deviant behavior
E) deviant behavior
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to transmit information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization. A) entrepreneur B) resource allocator C) spokesperson D) leader E) disseminator
E) disseminator
Which of the following terms best describes an intense feeling directed at someone or something? A) perception B) cognition C) mood D) reasoning E) emotion
E) emotion
Green Earth, an environmental organization in Oklahoma, recently recruited Phyllis Galvan as a project coordinator. Galvan's manager has noticed that ever since she has joined, she has been extremely positive about her work and takes up challenges without complaining. In addition, she maintains a positive ambience by helping out colleagues and smiling at everyone she interacts with. Her behavior has had a positive effect on her colleagues who have started behaving in a similar manner now. Which of the following concepts is demonstrated in this example?
E) emotional contagion
The performance variables productivity, absenteeism, and turnover are generally considered a part of the ________ behaviors in the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework. A) voice and neglect B) neglect and loyalty C) voice and exit D) loyalty and voice E) exit and neglect
E) exit and neglect
The performance variables productivity, absenteeism, and turnover are generally considered a part of the ________ behaviors in the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework. A) voice and neglect B) neglect and loyalty C) voice and exit D) loyalty and voice E) exit and neglect
E) exit and neglect
Jane Hastings recently joined her first job as a communication executive and is working on creating press releases for an upcoming campaign. The campaign is getting launched publicly in the next week and Hastings will need to interact with the media and give sound bytes on the issue. This is the first time she will be interacting with the press and she is experiencing emotions of anxiousness, nervousness, and stress. Which of the following mood dimensions is she experiencing? A) low positive affect B) neutral affect C) low negative affect D) high positive affect E) high negative affect
E) high negative affect
Gerard Yoder believes that every time he picks up his daughter, Penny, from school, it brings him good luck. The last time he picked her up from school, he won a lottery ticket. Today, after he received her from school, he reached his office and found out that he has been promoted. Which of the following concepts best describes Yoder's belief? A) affect intensity B) bandwagon effect C) illusory superiority D) positive bias E) illusory correlation
E) illusory correlation
________ refers to the tendency of people to associate two events when in reality there is no connection. A) Affect intensity B) Focusing effect C) Distinction bias D) Omission bias E) Illusory correlation
E) illusory correlation
Which of the following does cognitive dissonance indicate between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes? A) congruity B) tenacity C) solidarity D) consistency E) incompatibility
E) incompatibility
Which of the following does cognitive dissonance indicate between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes? A) congruity B) tenacity C) solidarity D) consistency E) incompatibility
E) incompatibility
Which of the following is a result of globalization? A) organizations being bound by national borders B) lower production of goods in developing nations C) highly homogeneous workforce D) shared social value among all cultures E) jobs moving to nations with low-cost labor
E) jobs moving to nations with low-cost labor
Johanna Reid, a campaign manager at a child rights organization, recently started working on an illiteracy project. During the project, she needs to motivate team members to attain their project milestones and direct them through different phases of the project. Which of the following kinds of functions will these tasks be covered under? A) planning B) organizing C) scrutinizing D) evaluating E) leading
E) leading
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, which of the following is a kind of interpersonal role? A) monitor B) disseminator C) spokesperson D) entrepreneur E) liaison
E) liaison
Rachel Hartley was a top graduate management student who now works as a project manager at a retail firm. However, in spite of her strong education background, she often finds it difficult to manage her team efficiently. She is not able to understand her team's emotions when they feel frustrated with a work challenge or when they need appreciation for a job well done. Which of the following does Hartley suffer from? A) downing effect B) low emotional dissonance C) depressive realism D) low cognitive dissonance
E) low emotional intelligence
Which of the following is the major challenge for managers in a fully networked organization? A) eliminating the need for paper communication by relying entirely on e-mail, file transfers, and the like B) retaining team members who can easily move to another employer when demand for their services changes C) managing contract and temporary workers D) maintaining a "virtual office" through the use of computers, interoffice networks, and the Internet E) managing people who work together but are geographically separated
E) managing people who work together but are geographically separated
A satisfied workforce does not guarantee successful organizational performance. In order to improve organizational effectiveness, managers ________. A) must use 360 degrees appraisal procedures B) must provide classroom training C) must make jobs easier and targets achievable D) must offer periodic salary increments E) must try to improve employee attitudes
E) must try to improve employee attitudes
A satisfied workforce does not guarantee successful organizational performance. In order to improve organizational effectiveness, managers ________. A) must use 360-degrees appraisal procedures B) must provide classroom training C) must make jobs easier and targets achievable D) must offer periodic salary increments E) must try to improve employee attitudes
E) must try to improve employee attitudes
Steve Werner is unhappy with his job and takes every possible vacation and sick day to avoid going to work. In addition, whenever he goes to work, he shows up late and skips important meetings. Werner is expressing his dissatisfaction through the ________ response. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) acceptance E) neglect
E) neglect
Steve Werner is unhappy with his job and takes every possible vacation and sick day to avoid going to work. In addition, whenever he goes to work, he shows up late and skips important meetings. Werner is expressing his dissatisfaction through the ________ response. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) acceptance E) neglect
E) neglect
Which of the following mood dimensions is a pure marker of high negative affect? A) depression B) relaxation C) fatigue D) boredom E) nervousness
E) nervousness
Christopher Richardson works as a graphic designer in Sydney. He often coordinates with colleagues working in Germany. In addition, he interacts with clients across the globe. Which of the following is most likely to facilitate his communications with clients and colleagues? A) ergonomic cubicle B) lateral thinking C) sensemaking D) systems thinking E) networked organization
E) networked organization
A research group in Arizona recently conducted a survey among workers of a coal power plant to understand emotions and their happiness quotient. Employees at the plant often complained about poor working conditions and low insurance benefits. However, the group was surprised with the finding of the survey because employees had a positive mood 70 percent of the time during work hours. Which of the following concepts would best explain such a finding? A) butterfly effect B) framing effect C) anchoring bias D) distinction bias E) positivity offset
E) positivity offset
Which of the following is most likely to be experienced during a positivity offset? A) nervousness B) depression C) stress D) anxiety E) relaxation
E) relaxation
An example of an input at an organizational level is ________. A) motivation B) conflict C) power D) communication E) structure
E) structure
The bookselling industry was revolutionized by ________. A) Mintzberg's Theory of Management B) evidence-based management C) Luthan's findings on management behavior D) intuition E) the availability of Big Data
E) the availability of Big Data
1)Audrey Smith is a renowned psychiatrist in New Jersey. While interacting with patients, she needs to understand their points of view by listening intently to what they say. It is important that she understands their problems so that she can offer advice. In such a situation, Smith is using the dimension of intellectual ability. A) perpetual speed B) spatial visualization C) number aptitude D) lateral thinking E) verbal comprehension
E) verbal comprehension
3)Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as dynamic flexibility? A) the ability to expend a maximum of energy in one or a series of explosive acts B) the ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible C) the ability to exert force against external objects D) the ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time E) the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements
E)the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements
Which of the following is an example of an epicurean activity which helps increase a person's positive mood?
Eating a meal with friends
Charles, Anna, Elle, and Adam are college friends and work in New York City. Comfortable living in New York occurs at about $40,000 a year. Charles makes $24,000 a year, Anna makes $30,000 a year, Elle makes $50,000 a year, and Adam makes $75,000 a year. Which of the following is most likely to be true with reference to correlation between pay and job satisfaction? Anna is more satisfied with the job than Adam. Charles and Anna have the same levels of job satisfaction in relation to their pay. Elle and Adam are most likely to have a similar level of job satisfaction. Charles and Adam share identical levels of job satisfaction related to pay. Charles is more satisfied with his job in comparison with Anna.
Elle and Adam are most likely to have a similar level of job satisfaction.
Which of the following terms best describes an intense feeling directed at someone or something?
Emotion
Green Earth, an environmental organization in Oklahoma, recently recruited Phyllis Galvan as a project coordinator. Galvan' s manager has noticed that ever since she has joined, she has been extremely positive about her work and takes up challenges without complaining. In additions, she maintains a positive ambience by helping out colleagues and smiling at everyone she interacts with. Her behavior has had a positive effect on her colleagues, who have started behaving in a similar manner. Which of the following concepts is demonstrated in this example?
Emotional Contagion- the process by which peoples emotions are caused by the emotions of others
Tiffany works as a showroom executive at a clothing boutique in London. Today, she is in a positive mood and instantly greets and smiles at a customer who walks into the store. The customer feels welcomed by her response. While browsing the store, Crowe helps the customer with products and passes on her positive mood to the customer. The customer leaves the store feeling content with a smile on her face. Which of the following best describes this situation?
Emotional Contagion.
Tiffany Crowe works as a showroom executive at a clothing boutique in London. Today, she is in a positive mood and instantly greets and smiles at a customer who walks into the store. The customer feels welcomed by her response. While browsing the store, Crowe helps the customer with products and passes on her positive mood to the customer. The customer leaves the store feeling content with a smile on her face. Which of the following best describes this situation?
Emotional contagion
Sally works as a customer care executive at a telecom office in Ohio. She often needs to interact with a regular customer and she finds him extremely annoying. However, because of the nature of her work, she conceals her emotions well and politely talks to him and clarifies all his questions. Which of the following is being experienced by Sally?
Emotional dissonance
_________ refers to inconsistencies between the emotions people feel and the emotions they project
Emotional dissonance
________ refers to inconsistencies between the emotions people feel and the emotions they project.
Emotional dissonance Emotional dissonance is defined as the inconsistency between the emotions people feel and the emotions they project.
Which of the following terms refers to a person's ability to detect and to manage Emotional cues and information?
Emotional intelligence
The ability of people to detect and to manage emotional cues and information is known as __________.
Emotional intelligence (EI)
A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work is known as?
Emotional labor
Johanna Godfrey works as a guest relations executive at a five star deluxe hotel in Washington. During the course of her job, she needs to greet and smile at guests irrespective of her state of mind. In addition, when any guest faces problems, she needs to be calm and composed and help resolve issues. This shows that Johanna's job requires ________.
Emotional labor
Johanna works as a guest relations executive at a five star deluxe hotel in Washington. During the course of her job, she needs to greet and smile at guests irrespective of her state of mind. In addition, when any guest faces problems, she needs to be calm and composed and help resolve issues. This shows that Johanna's job requires ________.
Emotional labor - a situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work, meaning that his/her job demands a certain set of emotional responses regardless of true feelings.
Which of the following terms best describes an intense feeling directed at someone or something?
Emotions
_______ are caused by a specific event, are very brief, and are accompanied by a distinct facial expressions
Emotions
________ are caused by a specific event, are very brief, and are accompanied by distinct facial expressions.
Emotions
Which of the following is a characteristic of emotions?
Emotions are reactions to a person or event
Which of the following is a characteristic of emotions?
Emotions are reactions to a person or event.
Which of the following is not a reality for today's workforce?
Employees have fewer outside commitments.
Which of the following is true according to the affective events theory?
Employees react emotionally to events at work, which affects their job performance and satisfaction
Which of the following is true according to the affective events theory? A) Employees react emotionally to events at work, which affects their job performance and satisfaction. B) Employees who score high on emotional stability are more likely to react strongly to negative events. C) Employees who experience emotional dissonance at work can only be motivated with the help of money. D) An employee's emotions are independent of the employee's age and gender. E) Employees scoring high on the personality trait of extraversion tend to be more successful at the workplace.
Employees react emotionally to events at work, which affects their job performance and satisfaction. Affective events theory (AET) demonstrates that employees react emotionally to things that happen to them at work, and this reaction influences their job performance and satisfaction.
Which of the following is true according to the affective events theory? Employees react emotionally to events at work, which affects their job performance and satisfaction. Employees who score high on emotional stability are more likely to react strongly to negative events. Employees who experience emotional dissonance at work can only be motivated with the help of money. An employee's emotions are independent of the employee's age and gender. Employees scoring high on the personality trait of extraversion tend to be more successful at the workplace.
Employees react emotionally to events at work, which affects their job performance and satisfaction. Affective events theory (AET) demonstrates that employees react emotionally to things that happen to them at work, and this reaction influences their job performance and satisfaction. LO: 4.4: Describe affective events theory.
The manager's suggestion is based on which of the following assumptions?
Employees' workload can be adjusted to accommodate their requests to go on leave. If employees have to go on a mandatory vacation for 7 days in a year, then it is assumed that their workload can be adjusted during these periods. The manager would not suggest a mandatory vacation if employees already had work-life balance. Given that the employees themselves have reported high levels of work stress, the manager is not assuming that they are misusing the company's policy of exchanging unused leave for cash.. The manager would not suggest a mandatory vacation policy if employees have been able to go on leave whenever they wanted to and have been working on the normal working days of the year.
________ is a key independent variable in positive organizational behavior research.
Engagement
Whether a candidate has high emotional intelligence would be a significant factor when considering a candidate for the job of a(n) ________.
Event planner who needs to coordinate with several people
________ refers to basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific proof.
Evidence-based management
What is evidence-based management (EBM)?
Evidence-based management (EBM) complements systematic study by basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence. For example, we want doctors to make decisions about patient care based on the latest available evidence, and EBM argues that managers should do the same, becoming more scientific in how they think about management problems. A manager might pose a managerial question, search for the best available evidence, and apply the relevant information to the question or case at hand.
________ is a pure marker of high positive affect.
Excitement
21) ________, which may occur intentionally or unintentionally, refers to keeping certain people in a work place away from job opportunities, social events, discussions, or informal mentoring. A) Exclusion B) Mockery C) Stalking D) Ragging E) Bullying
Exclusion
Exclusion
Exclusion of certain people from job opportunities, social events, discussions or informal mentoring; can occur unintentionally (ex: many women in finance claim they are assigned to marginal job roles or given light workloads that don't lead to promotions)
The ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible is known as_________.
Extent flexibility
21) Moods are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something.
FALSE
22) Moods are more action oriented in nature than emotions.
FALSE
28) People tend to be in their best moods on Monday.
FALSE
31) Evidence confirms there is no real difference between men and women when it comes to emotional reactions.
FALSE
33) Research indicates that as we grow older we experience more negative emotions.
FALSE
A degree in architecture will provide a student with the human skills required for a job.
FALSE
Entomology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.
FALSE
Human beings are simple in nature and, thus, simple, universal principles explain all kinds of organizational behavior.
FALSE
Managers at global companies have realized that economic values are generally transferable across national boundaries.
FALSE
Organizational behavior cannot offer reasonably accurate explanations of human behavior or make valid predictions.
FALSE
T/F : A degree in architecture will provide a student with the human skills required for a job.
FALSE
T/F : Entomology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.
FALSE
T/F : Human beings are simple in nature and, thus, simple, universal principles explain all kinds of organizational behavior.
FALSE
T/F : In the current competitive workplace, technical skills are the only skills that managers require to be successful.
FALSE
T/F : Managers at global companies have realized that economic values are generally transferable across national boundaries.
FALSE
T/F : Organizational behavior cannot offer reasonably accurate explanations of human behavior or make valid predictions.
FALSE
T/F : Psychology contributes to the study of organizational behavior at the macro level whereas anthropology contributes at the micro level.
FALSE
T/F : The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace is called cohesive behavior.
FALSE
T/F : While sociology focuses on the individual, psychology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture.
FALSE
T/F : Workforce diversity refers to how organizations are becoming more homogeneous in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity.
FALSE
The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace is called cohesive behavior.
FALSE
While sociology focuses on the individual, psychology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture.
FALSE
Workforce diversity refers to how organizations are becoming more homogeneous in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity.
FALSE
Which of these is a major concern for employers when addressing diversity?
Fair treatment
11)Studies show that satisfaction tends to continually increase among nonprofessionals as they age, whereas it falls among professionals during middle age and then rises again in the later years.
False
13)Unfair discrimination involves noticing and being aware of individual characteristics among people in a group
False
14)According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, employers are under no obligation to make accommodations for individuals with physical or mental disabilities.
False
17)The less complex a job in terms of information-processing demands, the more general intelligence and verbal abilities are necessary to perform successfully.
False
18)Demographics mostly reflect deep-level rather than surface -level diversity.
False
20)Recent U.S. legislation has instituted mandatory retirement at 70 in order to ensure that jobs are available for younger workers.
False
According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, employers are under no obligation to make accommodations for individuals with physical or mental disabilities. T/F
False
According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, employers are under no obligation to make accommodations for individuals with physical or mental disabilities.
False
Demographics mostly reflect deep-level rather than surface -level diversity. T/F
False
Entomology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.
False
Flexible work schedules and telecommuniting hamper efforts to increase diversity within organizations.
False
Older people are more likely to quit and change jobs than younger employees.
False
Recent U.S. legislation has instituted mandatory retirement at 70 in order to ensure that jobs are available for younger workers.
False
Recent U.S. legislation has instituted mandatory retirement at 70 in order to ensure that jobs are available for younger workers. T/F
False
Studies show that satisfaction tends to continually increase among nonprofessionals as they age, whereas it falls among professionals during middle age and then rises again in the later years. T/F
False
T/F: "Exit" is a passive and constructive response to dissatisfaction.
False
T/F: "Neglect" is an active and constructive response to dissatisfaction.
False
T/F: Actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions is part of the loyalty response to dissatisfaction.
False
T/F: Asking employees how they feel about key elements in a job and then adding the results to create an overall job satisfaction score is the single global rating approach to job satisfaction.
False
T/F: Attitudes that our memories can easily access are less likely to predict our behavior.
False
T/F: Creating a satisfied workforce guarantees successful organizational performance.
False
T/F: If there is an inconsistency between an individual's attitude on a specific issue and his/her behavior, there are only two courses of action available—alter the attitude or alter the behavior.
False
T/F: Individuals will be more motivated to reduce dissonance when they believe the dissonance is due to something they cannot control.
False
T/F: Job involvement measures the degree to which people identify psychologically with the organization's mission and vision.
False
T/F: The cognitive component of an attitude describes an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something.
False
T/F: The intent to act in a certain way is the affective component of an attitude.
False
T/F: The single global rating approach to measuring job satisfaction is more sophisticated than the summation of job facets approach.
False
T/F: To effectively control the undesirable consequences of job dissatisfaction, employers should try to control the different responses to dissatisfaction.
False
The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace is called cohesive behavior.
False
The less complex a job in terms of information-processing demands, the more general intelligence and verbal abilities are necessary to perform successfully. T/F
False
Unfair discrimination involves noticing and being aware of individual characteristics among people in a group. T/F
False
While sociology focuses on the individual, psychology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture.
False
Which of the following statements is true regarding negotiation?
Feeling bad about your performance during a negotiation tends to impair future negotiations.
Which of the following statements is true regarding negotiation? Displaying a negative emotion at a negotiation can never be effective. Angry negotiators who have less power than opponents have better outcomes. Individuals who do poorly in a negotiation are more willing to be cooperative in future negotiations. Feeling bad about your performance during a negotiation tends to impair future negotiations. Individuals who do poorly in a negotiation develop positive perceptions of their counterpart.
Feeling bad about your performance during a negotiation tends to impair future negotiations. Displaying a negative emotion (such as anger) can be effective, but feeling bad about your performance appears to impair future negotiations. Individuals who do poorly in a negotiation experience negative emotions, develop negative perceptions of their counterpart, and are less willing to share information or be cooperative in future negotiations. Anger should be used selectively in negotiation: angry negotiators who have less information or less power than their opponents have significantly worse outcomes. LO: 4.6: Identify strategies for emotion regulation.
_______ emotions are emotions that people actually experience, despite what they might display
Felt
________ emotions are emotions that people actually experience, despite what they might display.
Felt
What is the difference between felt emotions and displayed emotions?
Felt emotions- individual's actual emotion Displayed emotion- organized required emotion in working
Amber and Emma were recently hired by a marketing agency. Though there is a lot of work that has been allotted to both of them, Amber is always in a good mood. Emma, on the other hand, appears to be depressed with her job. Compared to Emma, Amber is more likely to ________.
Find better solutions to problems
360.org, an organization working toward curbing climate change, recently conducted an interview with Jessica for the position of a public relations officer. However, interviewers Brenda and Laura are divided over whether Jessica should be given the job. Brenda believes that Jessica does not have in-depth knowledge about the issue of global warming and its impact. On the other hand, Laura feels that Jessica would be perfect for the job because she has strong networking and interpersonal skills. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen Laura's argument?
Gaining the support of corporate giants would comprise a large part of the job.
_____ refers to an overall factor of intelligence as suggested by the positive correlations among specific intellectual ability dimensions.
General mental ability
____________ refers to an overall factor of intelligence as suggested by the positive correlations among specific intellectual ability dimensions. A) Extelligence B) The Flynn effect C) Virtual memory D) General mental ability E) Malleable intelligence
General mental ability
What affect does age actually have on job satisfaction?
Greater job satisfaction and relationships with co-workers.
What is group cohesion?
Group cohesion is the extent to which members of a group support and validate one another at work. In other words, a cohesive group is one that sticks together. When employees trust one another, seek common goals, and work together to achieve these common ends, the group is cohesive; when employees are divided among themselves in terms of what they want to achieve and have little loyalty to one another, the group is not cohesive.
Which of the following is most likely to be related to reduced absences and lower resignation rates?
High Job Involvement
Jane Hastings recently joined her first job as a communication executive and is working on creating press releases for an upcoming campaign. The campaign is getting launched publicly in the next week and Hastings will need to interact with the media and give sound bites on the issue. This is the first time she will be interacting with the press and she is experiencing emotions of anxiousness, nervousness, and stress. Which of the following mood dimensions is she experiencing? low positive affect neutral affect low negative affect high positive affect high negative affect
High negative affect Negative affect is a mood dimension consisting of nervousness, stress, and anxiety at the high end. LO: 4.1: Differentiate between emotions and moods.
Workforce diversity
How organizations manage diversity effectively
3 premises of organizational behavior?
Human behavior, good people skills, interpersonal skills
Why do only a few absolutes apply to organizational behavior?
Human beings are complex, and few, if any, simple and universal principles explain organizational behavior. Since we are not alike, our ability to make simple, accurate, and sweeping generalizations is limited. For instance, two people often act very differently in the same situation, and the same person's behavior changes in different situations. Not everyone is motivated by money, and people may behave differently at a religious service than they do at a party. That does not mean, of course, that we cannot offer reasonably accurate explanations of human behavior or make valid predictions. It does mean that OB concepts must reflect situational, or contingency, conditions.
Which of the following statements represents a person's job attitude? I believe in the organization's objectives about supporting the underprivileged. I believe my work performance indicates my caliber and potential. I believe my work has a direct impact on the processes of the organization. I agree with the organization about its commitment to the environment. I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills.
I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills.
Which of the following statements is an example of the behavioral component of an attitude? The position of a climate campaigner is challenging and interesting. I think the position of a climate campaigner involves extensive travel. I am thrilled to know that the human resource department is looking for a climate campaigner. The position of a climate campaigner will allow me to explore my skills as a campaigner. I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department.
I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department.
Gerard Yoder believes that every time he picks up his daughter, Penny, from school, it brings him good luck. The last time he picked her up from school, he won a lottery ticket. Today, after he received her from school, he reached his office and found out that he has been promoted. Which of the following concepts best describes Yoder's belief?
Illusory correlation
________ refers to the tendency of people to associate two events when in reality there is no connection. Affect intensity Focusing effect Distinction bias Omission bias Illusory correlation
Illusory correlation Illusory correlation is the tendency of people to associate two events that in reality have no connection. LO: 4.2: Identify the sources of emotions and moods.
Gerard believes that every time he picks up his daughter, Penny, from school, it brings him good luck. The last time he picked her up from school, he won a lottery ticket. Today, after he received her from school, he reached his office and found out that he has been promoted. Which of the following concepts best describes Geralds belief?
Illusory correlation - the tendency to associate two events when in reality there is no connection.
________ refers to the tendency of people to associate two events when in reality there is no connection.
Illusory correlation.
Which of the following is a type of discrimination based on disrespectful treatment, including behaving in an aggressive manner, interrupting the person, or ignoring the person?
Incivility
What are the three levels of organizational behavior analysis?
Individual level, group level, organization level.
Which of the following determinants of behavior does organizational behavior study?
Individuals
which of the following determinants of behavior does organizational behavior study?
Individuals-OB studies the impact of individuals, groups and structure on behavior within organizations
38) ________ refers to a dimension of intellectual ability which involves identifying a logical sequence in a problem and using this logical sequence to solve the problem. A) Inductive reasoning B) Spatial visualization C) Form perception D) Visual perception E) Visual prosthesis
Inductive reasoning
A market researcher who uses his ability to identify a logical sequence to predict demand for a new line of winter clothing is using the ____ dimension of intellectual ability.
Inductive reasoning
A market researcher who uses his ability to identify a logical sequence to predict demand for a new line of winter clothing is using the__________dimension of intellectual ability.
Inductive reasoning
Three Levels of Analysis in Organizational Behavior...
Input, Process, Outcomes
With reference to a basic OB model, ______ are determined in advance of the employment relationship, and refer to variables such as personality, group structure, and organizational culture that lead to processes.
Inputs
With reference to a basic OB mode, ________ are determined in advance of the employment relationship and refer to variables such as personality, group structure and organizational culture that lead to processes.
Inputs-inputs are variables such as personality, group structure and organizational culture that lead to processes. These variables set the stage for what will occur in an organization later. Many are determined in advance of the employment relationship.
What are the 3 Categories of Managerial Roles, according to Minztberg?
Interpersonal, Informational and Decisional
Threats or bullying directed at certain groups of employees is known as which of the following?
Intimidation
________ refers to a gut feeling not necessarily supported by research.
Intuition
Which of the following is not a reality for today's workforce?
Issues related to well-being have dropped as the number of employees who work at home rises.
Which of the following is not a reality for today's workforce?
Issues related to well-being have dropped as the number of employees who work at home rises. Employees have fewer outside commitments.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding emotion regulation? The central idea behind emotion regulation is to identify and modify the emotions one feels. Recent research suggests that emotion regulation is a strong predictor of task performance for some jobs and organizational citizenship behaviors. One strategy people use to change their emotions is surface acting. However, surface acting doesn't actually change the emotions, so the regulation effect is minimal.
It can be defined as a person's ability to understand the meaning of emotions.
Which of the following is not true regarding emotion regulation? It can be defined as a person's ability to understand the meaning of emotions. Persons engaging in emotion regulation might try to cheer themselves when they're feeling down. It involves identifying and modifying the emotions one feels. Emotion regulation is a strong predictor of task performance for some jobs and organization citizenship behavior. Surface acting has only a minimal effect on emotion regulation.
It can be defined as a person's ability to understand the meaning of emotions. The central idea behind emotion regulation is to identify and modify the emotions one feels. Recent research suggests that emotion regulation is a strong predictor of task performance for some jobs and organizational citizenship behaviors. One strategy people use to change their emotions is surface acting. However, surface acting doesn't actually change the emotions, so the regulation effect is minimal. LO: 4.6: Identify strategies for emotion regulation.
Which of the following is an argument used against emotional intelligence?
It cannot be measured easily and measure of EI are diverse
Which of the following is an argument used against emotional intelligence?
It cannot be measured easily and measures of EI are diverse.
Which of the following statements is true regarding emotional intelligence?
It comprises a person's ability to detect others' and one's own feelings
Which of the following statements is true regarding emotional intelligence (EI)?
It comprises a person's ability to detect others' and one's own feelings.
Which of the following statements is true regarding emotional intelligence (EI)? It refers to a score derived from standardized tests to measure intelligence. It refers to an aptitude for intellectual activities that cannot be acquired with personal effort. It comprises a person's ability to detect others' and one's own feelings. It is based on rationality instead of intuitive appeal to make judgments. It refers to a person's ability to suppress his/her true emotions and express organizationally accurate emotions.
It comprises a person's ability to detect others' and one's own feelings. The term emotional intelligence refers to a person's ability to detect and to manage emotional cues and information. LO: 4.5: Describe emotional intelligence.
Which of the following is true regarding systematic study?
It involves analyzing relationships based on scientific data.
Which of the following statements is true regarding surface acting?
It involves foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules.
Which of the following best defines organizational behavior?
It involves the study of what people do in a company and how it affects the company's output.
Alana works as a campaign manager at a nonprofit organization in Manhattan. She was recently asked by her supervisor to give a presentation on the progress of the ongoing climate campaign. However, throughout the presentation, her colleague Kelly interrupts her by asking irrelevant questions. In addition, she tries to insult her by constantly criticizing key findings and objectives achieved. Though Gore initially tried to be patient, she eventually loses her cool and retorts back, asking her to keep her questions and clarifications for the end of the presentation. Which of the following is a reason why Gore's reaction can be categorized as an emotion instead of a mood?
It is caused by a specific event.
Why is it important to complement intuition with systematic study in our attempts to understand behavior within organizations?
It is important to complement intuition with systematic study to understand behavior within organizations in order to make accurate predictions of behavior. Underlying this systematic approach is the belief that behavior is not random. Rather, one can identify fundamental consistencies underlying the behavior of all individuals and modify them to reflect individual differences. The systematic study of behavior is a means to making reasonably accurate predictions. Systematic study involves looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and basing our conclusions on scientific evidence, that is, on data gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner.
Robert woke up in the morning and felt a sense of joy and peace as he got ready for work. At work, though challenges came his way, he tackled them without getting stressed about them. This feeling lasted for several days that week. What is one of the reasons that Robert's feeling can be categorized as a mood and not as an emotion?
It is prolonged in nature.
When Ariana is told that her dog has been killed by a car, she feels deeply saddened. Her feelings are then overcome by a surge of anger at the car driver. However, minutes later, she is able to laugh and talk about the good memories spent with her pet. What is one of the reasons that her reaction can be categorized as an emotion?
It lasted for a brief time period.
Which of the following is true with respect to workplace discrimination?
It may lead to reduced productivity and citizenship behavior.
3) Which of the following is true with respect to surface-level diversity? A) It refers to psychographic characteristics of the members of a group. B) People with surface-level diversity will also share deep-level diversity. C) It indicates differences of values, emotions and personality traits between people. D) It refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender and race. E) It represents a person's or group's thought processes and feelings.
It refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender and race.
Which of the following is true regarding positive organizational scholarship?
It studies how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality, and unlock potential.
Which of the following most likely indicates surface-level similarity?
Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together
Which of the following most likely indicates surface-level similarity? A)Tim and Jake are colleagues who take risks and are quick decision makers B)The employees at GenSys prefer teamwork over individual assignments C)Nina and Chuck are colleagues who share similar views on corporate social responsibility D)Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together E)Hannah and Nate are both introspective and tend to be slow to reach decisions
Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together
Which of the following indicates surface level similarity
Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together-surface level diversity refers to difference in easily perceived characteristics such as ender, race, ethnicity, age and disability, that do no necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel but that may activate certain stereotypes.
5) Which of the following most likely indicates surface-level similarity? A) Tim and Jake are colleagues who take risks and are quick decision makers. B) The employees at GenSys prefer teamwork over individual assignments. C) Nina and Chuck are colleagues who share similar views on corporate social responsibility. D) Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together. E) Hannah and Nate are both introspective, and tend to be slow to reach decisions.
Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together.
Which of the following most likely indicates surface -level similarity?
Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together.
Which of the following most likely indicates surface-level similarity?
Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together.
Which of the following most likely indicates surface-level similarity?
Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together. Explanation of Answer : Surface-level diversity refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, or disability, that do not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel but that may activate certain stereotypes.
360.org, an organization working toward curbing climate change, recently conducted an interview with Jessica for the position of a public relations officer. However, interviewers Brenda and Laura are divided over whether Jessica should be given the job. Brenda believes that Jessica does not have in-depth knowledge about the issue of global warming and its impact. On the other hand, Laura feels that Jessica would be perfect for the job because she has strong interpersonal skills. Which of the following, if true, would weaken Laura's argument?
Jessica was unable to communicate clearly why she was right for the job.
Julie recently joined a youth center as a counselor who provides support services for teenage mothers. An important part of her job involves referring pregnant teenagers to abortion clinics, should they decide to avail of such services. This aspect of her work, however, conflicts with her religious beliefs. Her manager, Kyle, is aware of this and expects her to submit her resignation at any time, but Julie continues to carry out her duties in a sincere manner and shows no signs of quitting her job. Which of the following best explains this situation? Julie refuses to acknowledge the hard truths of life. Julie has accepted that people have the freedom of choice. Julie is unable to empathize with the teenagers who visit the youth center. Julie does not realize the importance of her work to society. Julie allows her professional life to be dictated by her religious ideals.
Julie has accepted that people have the freedom of choice.
Regina George works as a campaign manager in a not-for-profit organization in Hampshire. For the upcoming campaign against genetic engineering, she is networking with managers who are working on the issue of food safety. Through her network of contacts, she strives to gain information about the stakeholders in the food industry and other lobby groups. Which of the following roles is George most likely to be playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles?
Liaison
________ get things done through other people. They make decisions, allocate resources, and direct the activities of others to attain goals.
Managers
Melissa Woods was recently hired as the campaign manager at an environmental organization. She has a degree in environmental sustainability and possesses substantial knowledge about the issue of global warming. She has the knowledge to lead the public relations team of the organization. However, a few months later, the board of directors of the organization expressed dissatisfaction with Melissa's performance and asked her to resign. Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation?
Melissa had weak interpersonal and networking skills to run the project.
What is the difference between micro and macro?
Micro is the individual, macro is groups and organizations.
A person who is made fun of because he is an Arab-American is being subjected to ______, a kind of discrimination in work environments.
Mockery-often refers to jokes/jokes about negative stereotypes. For instance, Arab-Americans have been asked at work whether they were carrying bombs or were members of terrorist organizations.
Which of the following is true regarding models?
Models show that outcomes can influence inputs in the future.
Annette Simpson works for a fashion house in Paris and is preparing for the company's upcoming line of winter clothing. She is currently researching online to know what is in vogue this season. In addition, she is also networking with contacts from the press and fashion magazine editors to understand the changing tastes of consumers. Which of the following roles is Simpson playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles?
Monitor
Annette Simpson works for a fashion house in Paris and is preparing for the comp nays upcoming line of winter clothing. She is currently researching online to know what is in vogue this season. In addition, she is also networking with contacts from the press and fashion magazine editors to understand the changing tastes of consumers. Which of the roles is Simpson playing according to Mintzbers classification of managerial roles?
Monitor-According to Mintzbergs classification of managerial roles, the monitor role comprises collecting information from external organizations and institutions, typically by scanning the news media, talking with other people to learn about changes in the public's tastes and what competitors may be planning and so forth.
________ refers to feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus.
Mood
____________ refers to feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus
Mood
________ are cognitive in nature, have an unclear, general cause, and last for several hours or days
Moods
________ are cognitive in nature, have an unclear, general cause, and last for several hours or days.
Moods
Which of the following statements is most likely true regarding moods?
Moods are cognitive in nature
Which of the following statements is most likely to be TRUE regarding moods?
Moods are cognitive in nature.
36) ________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which refers to the ability to do speedy and accurate arithmetic. A) Number aptitude B) Verbal comprehension C) Deductive reasoning D) Spatial visualization E) Amodal perception
Number aptitude
________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which refers to the ability to do speedy and accurate arithmetic A)Number aptitude B)verbal comprehension C)deductive reasoning D)spacial visualization E)amodal perception
Number aptitude
What affect does age actually have on absenteeism?
Older employees have lower rates of avoidable (fake absence) absences than unavoidable ones (sick).
What is organizational behavior?
Organizational behavior is the study of what people do in an organization and how their behavior affects the organization's performance. It studies three determinants of behavior in organizations: individuals, groups, and structure. In addition, OB applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups, and the effect of structure on behavior in order to make organizations work more effectively. It is concerned specifically with employment-related situations and thus emphasizes behavior as related to concerns such as jobs, work, absenteeism, employee turnover, productivity, human performance, and management.
Contingency variables
Organizational behavior must reflect situational conditions. Impossible to make generalizations. Use thumbs up example.
Contingency variables?
Organizational behavior must reflect situational conditions. Impossible to make simple generalizations.
Using the concept of organizational survival, how would you define what makes an organization successful? Why is organizational survival important to defining organizational success?
Organizational survival refers to evidence that an organization is able to exist and grow over the long term. The survival of an organization depends not just on how productive the organization is, but also on how well it fits with its environment. A company that is very productively making goods and services of little value to the market is unlikely to survive for long, so survival factors in things like perceiving the market successfully, making good decisions about how and when to pursue opportunities, and engaging in successful change management to adapt to new business.
Dawn Wang heads an ad agency in Texas and regularly needs to work with copywriters, artists, and designers to come up with effective branding solutions for products. For one of the company's esteemed clients, Wang and her team need to brainstorm ideas for a slogan for the client's new line of clothing. In such a situation, why is it particularly important for Wang to keep her team happy?
People are more creative and produce more ideas when they are in a good mood
Dawn Wang heads an ad agency in Texas and regularly needs to work with copywriters, artists, and designers to come up with effective branding solutions for products. For one of the company's esteemed clients, Wang and her team need to brainstorm ideas for a slogan for the client's new line of clothing. In such a situation, why is it particularly important for Wang to keep her team happy? A) People take a long time at processing information when they are in a good mood. B) People tend to weigh all options to make less likely decisions when in a good mood. C) People are less likely to use rules of thumb when they are in a good mood. D) People tend to make decisions quickly when they are in a good mood. E) People are more creative and produce more ideas when they are in a good mood.
People are more creative and produce more ideas when they are in a good mood. People in good moods tend to be more creative than people in bad moods. They produce more ideas and more options, and others think their ideas are original.
Perceptions of older age and the workforce?
Performance decreases with age, the workforce is aging, mandatory retirement now outlawed.
10) ________ differences between people represent deep-level diversity. A) Race B) Age C) Ethnicity D) Gender E) Personality
Personality
Which of the following statements is true regarding sources of moods and emotions?
Physical and informal activities increase positive mood. Research suggests activities that are physical, such as skiing or hiking with friends, informal, such as going to a party, or epicurean, like eating with others, are more strongly associated with increases in positive mood than events that are formal or sedentary.
Which of the following statements is true regarding sources of moods and emotions? Reduced sleep makes a person more alert during waking hours. Physical and informal activities increase positive mood. Weather has a controlling effect on moods. Intensity of negative emotions increases with age. Mounting levels of stress at work create positive emotions.
Physical and informal activities increase positive mood. Research suggests activities that are physical, such as skiing or hiking with friends, informal, such as going to a party, or epicurean, like eating with others, are more strongly associated with increases in positive mood than events that are formal or sedentary. LO: 4.2: Identify the sources of emotions and moods.
Which of the following is an example of sedentary activity that does not play a crucial role in increasing positive mood?
Playing video games at home
A research group in Arizona recently conducted a survey among workers of a coal power plant to understand emotions and their happiness quotient....
Positivity offset
________ refers to the tendency of most individuals to experience a mildly positive mood at zero input when nothing in particular is going on.
Positivity offset
________ refers to the tendency of most individuals to experience a mildly positive mood at zero input when nothing in particular is going on. Low positive affect Positivity offset Blunted affect Negativity bias Residual positivity
Positivity offset Positivity offset means that at zero input, most individuals experience a mildly positive mood. For most people, positive moods are somewhat more common than negative moods. LO: 4.1: Differentiate between emotions and moods.
________ is an example of an outcome at the organizational level.
Profitability
________ seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals.
Psychology
How have the fields of psychology and sociology contributed to our understanding of organizational behavior?
Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and change the behavior of humans. Early industrial/organizational psychologists studied the problems of fatigue, boredom, and other working conditions that could impede efficient work performance. More recently, their contributions have expanded to include learning, perception, personality, emotions, training, leadership effectiveness, needs and motivational forces, job satisfaction, decision-making processes, performance appraisals, attitude measurement, employee-selection techniques, work design, and job stress. Sociology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture. The greatest contributions by sociologists have been in the study of group behavior in organizations, organizational culture, formal organization theory and structure, organizational technology, communications, power, and conflict.
What are the 4 Social Sciences that contribute to OB?
Psychology, Social Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology
From micro to macro name the four contributing disciples?
Psychology, social psychology, sociology, anthropology
33) ________ refers to the biological heritage people use to identify themselves. A) Race B) Values C) Beliefs D) Religion E) GMA
Race
Green Planet, an environmental organization, recently opened an office in Indonesia. The organization is currently looking for employees to staff a deforestation project in the country. They need to recruit individuals who understand the intricacies of Jakarta's culture and the mindset of the locals and are fluent in the local language. Which of the following are they most likely to consider while they recruit for these positions? A) race B) age C) beliefs D) gender E) length of service
Race
____________ refers to the biological heritage people use to identify themselves A)race B)values C)beliefs D)religion E)GMA
Race
Surface-level diversity
Recognizes stereotypes in organizational settings. The key biographical characteristics.
Which of the following is most likely to be experienced during a positivity offset?
Relaxation
________ is a pure marker of low positive affect.
Relaxation
Which of the following is best example of mockery as a tool of discriminatory treatment in organizations? A)Rifka's supervisor often stereotypes Rifka because of her ethnic heritage and makes jokes about her ethnicity B)Because she is considerably older than the rest of her team, Hannah's colleagues often do not invite her to team lunches or informal team get-togethers C)Joan's boss sets impossible targets and reprimands her in front of her colleagues if she fails to complete them on time
Rifka's supervisor often stereotypes Rifka because of her ethnic heritage and makes jokes about her ethnicity
What affect does gender actually have on job satisfaction?
Same levels of job satisfaction however parents show lower levels of commitment and job satisfaction.
On which day of the week does the positive effect tend to be highest?
Saturdays
On which day of the week does the positive effect tend to be highest?
Saturdays-employees tend to experience the highest level of positive moods on Saturdays
Which of the following organizational human resource management processes is one of the most important places to apply diversity efforts?
Selection
Sonia works as a lab research assistant at Frost Labs, which conducts trials for cosmetic products such as sprays, dyes, ointments, soaps, and the like. She joined the firm right out of college and has been working there for almost two years now. She is confounded by the fact that the cosmetic industry rakes in almost $7 billion annually. She majored in pharmacology as part of her master's degree program in college. She recently received a positive performance review from her supervisor. She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice. She believes that cosmetics help boost women's self-confidence.
She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice.
Carrie recently received the Employee of the Year award at the call center where she works as a customer service representative. She was chosen for the award because she is known to be highly courteous toward even the most difficult of callers and is efficient at handling their queries. A month after receiving the award, Carrie submits her resignation. According to her exit interview, she felt burnt out. Which of the following best explains this situation?
She felt the strain of having to constantly fake positive emotions towards her customers.
The human resources department of Orbit Bank believes in being unbiased toward all employees and treating them fairly. They believe it is crucial that the company treat all their employees equally. However Susan Daniels, an employee at the bank, recently filed a lawsuit against the company, claiming that she was discriminated against. Which of the following, if true, best justifies Susan's action?
She was given the same incentives as her colleagues in spite of performing better than them
The human resources department of Orbit Bank believes in being unbiased toward all employees and treating them fairly. They believe it is crucial that the company treat all their employees equally. However Susan Daniels, an employee at the bank, recently filed a lawsuit against the company, claiming that she was discriminated against. Which of the following, if true, best justifies Susan's action?
She was given the same incentives as her colleagues in spite of performing better than them.
Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma?
Should I play politics to advance my career?
Which of the following is a difference between sociology and psychology?
Sociology studies people in relation to their social culture whereas psychology focuses on the individual.
35) Explain how stress affects emotions and moods.
Stress affects emotions and moods. For example, students have higher levels of fear before an exam, but their fear dissipates once the exam is over. At work, stressful daily events (a nasty e-mail, an impending deadline, the loss of a big sale, being reprimanded by your boss, and so on) negatively affect employees' moods. Also, the effects of stress build over time. As the authors of one study note, "a constant diet of even low-level stressful events has the potential to cause workers to experience gradually increasing levels of strain over time." Such mounting levels of stress and strain at work can worsen our moods, and we experience more negative emotions. Although sometimes we thrive on stress, for most of us, stress begins to take its toll on our mood.
What affect does gender actually have on productivity?
Studies show equal levels of productivity.
What affect does age actually have on productivity?
Studies show more productivity and strong engagement in citizenship behavior.
What affect does race actually have on absenteeism?
Studies show no difference.
What affect does race actually have on turnover?
Studies show that Hispanics and African-Americans do have higher turnover rates than Whites. Why is this so?
What is the definition of organizational behavior?
Studies the impact that individuals, groups, and structures have on behavior within organizations.
Based on Exhibit 4.4, on which day of the week does positive affect tend to be highest across the four different cultures that were surveyed (USA, China, Germany, Japan)?
Sundays
Based on Exhibit 4.4, on which day of the week does positive affect tend to be highest across the four different cultures that were surveyed (USA, China, Germany, and Japan)?
Sundays
Which of the following terms refers to the practices of hiding inner feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules?
Surface Acting-hiding one's inner feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules, or rather outwardly showing emotions that are different from those that are felt.
Which of the following terms refers to the practice of hiding inner feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules?
Surface acting
2) ________ diversity refers to diversity in observable attributes such as race, ethnicity, sex, and age. A) Psychographic B) Additive C) Surface-level D) Disjunctive E) Conjunctive
Surface-level
________ diversity refers to diversity in observable attributes such as race, ethnicity, sex, and age.
Surface-level
_________ diversity refers to diversity in observable attributes such as race, ethnicity, sex, and age. A)Psychographic B)Additive C)Surface-level D)Disjunctive E)Conjunctive
Surface-level
Analyzing relationships, determining causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence, all constitute aspects of_______study.
Systematic
In order to predict human behavior, it is best to supplement intuitive opinions with information derived from...
Systematic study-to make good OB decision it is important to use evidence to supplement intuition and experience. Evidence should come through systematic study, which involves looking at relationship, attempting to attribute causes and effects and basing conclusions on scientific evidence, that is on data gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner.
T/F Older people experience negative emotions less frequently.
T
110) Group functioning refers to the quantity and quality of a group's work output.
TRUE
A survey of over 2,100 CFOs across 20 industries indicated that a lack of interpersonal skills is the top reason why some employees fail to advance.
TRUE
A way for managers to respond to the problem of unethical behavior is to provide in-house advisors who can be contacted anonymously.
TRUE
An organization is a consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people.
TRUE
Evidence that an organization is able to exist and grow over the long term is called organizational survival.
TRUE
Evidence-based management complements systematic study by basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence.
TRUE
One major study area of social psychology is change, how to implement it, and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance.
TRUE
Organizational behavior applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups, and the effect of structure on behavior in order to make organizations work more effectively.
TRUE
Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals.
TRUE
T/F : A way for managers to respond to the problem of unethical behavior is to provide in-house advisors who can be contacted anonymously.
TRUE
T/F : An organization is a consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people.
TRUE
T/F : Evidence that an organization is able to exist and grow over the long term is called organizational survival.
TRUE
T/F : Evidence-based management complements systematic study by basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence.
TRUE
T/F : Group functioning refers to the quantity and quality of a group's work output.
TRUE
T/F : One major study area of social psychology is change, how to implement it, and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance.
TRUE
T/F : Organizational behavior applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups, and the effect of structure on behavior in order to make organizations work more effectively.
TRUE
T/F : Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals.
TRUE
T/F : The job of a guest relations executive at a hotel is a kind of service job.
TRUE
T/F : The planning function involves defining an organization's goals and establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals.
TRUE
The Royal Bank of Canada story highlights several issues of interest to those seeking to understand organizational behavior, including motivation, ethics, emotions, personality, and culture.
TRUE
The job of a guest relations executive at a hotel is a kind of service job.
TRUE
The planning function involves defining an organization's goals and establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals.
TRUE
Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as trunk strength? A)the ability to maintain equilibrium despite forced pulling off balance B)the ability to coordinate the simultaneous actions of different parts of the body C)the ability to expend a maximum of energy in one or a series of explosive acts D)the ability to exert muscular strength using the abdominal muscles E)ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible
The ability to exert muscular strength using the abdominal muscles
Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as dynamic flexibility?
The ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements
Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as dynamic flexibility? A) the ability to expend a maximum of energy in one or a series of explosive acts B) the ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible C) the ability to exert force against external objects D) the ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time E) the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements
The ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements
Erin Corbett works at a software company and is in charge of the help desk. A short while ago, she received a call from a discontented customer about a problem he is facing due to the company's software. Though she tried to help the customer with the software, he refused to listen to her. He continued yelling at her and finally banged the phone down. Corbett feels exasperated after hanging up the phone and goes for a cup of coffee to calm herself down. What makes Corbett's anger an emotion, rather than a mood?
The anger has a contextual stimulus
Erin works at a software company and is in charge of the help desk. A short while ago, she received a call from a discontented customer about a problem he is facing due to the company's software. Though she tried to help the customer with the software, he refused to listen to her. He continued yelling at her and finally banged the phone down. Erin feels exasperated after hanging up the phone and goes for a cup of coffee to calm herself down. What makes Erins' anger an emotion, rather than a mood?
The anger has a contextual stimulus.
With reference to cognitive dissonance, in which of the following situations is the attitude behavior relationship most likely to be strong?
The attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience-That attitude behavior relationship is likely to be much stronger if an attitude refers to something with which a person has direct personal experience.
With reference to cognitive dissonance, in which of the following situations is the attitude-behavior relationship most likely to be strong?
The attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience.
Under which of the following conditions, if TRUE, would the manager's suggestion most likely be accepted?
The company has a "use it or lose it" policy whereby unused leave lapses at the end of every year. If the company has a "use it or lose it" policy whereby unused leave lapses at the end of every year, then employees would most likely accept the manager's suggestion of mandatory 7-day vacation. If work volumes are expected to increase, then this would weaken the likelihood that the manager's suggestion will be accepted. It is irrelevant or, at the most, weakens the manager's suggestion if the company halts hiring in order to develop talent in-house. If the company allows employees to exchange their unused leave for cash at the end of every year, then this would weaken the likelihood that the manager's suggestion will be accepted. If the company already promotes work-life balance through flexible working arrangements, then this would reduce the likelihood that the manager's idea will be accepted.
Job involvement
The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is referred to as which of the terms below? Emotional contagion Job involvement Job stability Emotional dissonance Direct action
What is citizenship behavior?
The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace is called citizenship behavior. Successful organizations need employees who will do more than their usual job duties—who will provide performance beyond expectations. In today's dynamic workplace, where tasks are increasingly performed by teams and flexibility is critical, employees who engage in "good citizenship" behaviors help others on their team, volunteer for extra work, avoid unnecessary conflicts, respect the spirit as well as the letter of rules and regulations, and gracefully tolerate occasional work-related impositions and nuisances.
Gould Furniture is one of the leading furniture companies in Indonesia. In the past, the company had a homogeneous workforce of Indonesian employees. The company is desperate to cut operating and manufacturing costs and, hence, is considering outsourcing part of the manufacturing process to low-cost Vietnam. However, local community leaders across the country are strongly opposing this decision. They believe that exporting jobs to other countries is detrimental to their country in every way possible. Which of the following, if true, is the flaw in the local community leaders' opinion?
The furniture market contributes to 20 percent of deforestation in the country.
Samantha Reeves works as a sales manager at Synergy Bank. Explain the nature of tasks she would be performing according to Mintzberg's concept of leadership role.
The leadership role comprises hiring, training, motivating, and disciplining employees. If Reeves undertakes the leadership role, she would be hiring sales executives and other team members. She would also be training them on product knowledge and motivating them to reach their sales targets. In addition, she would be disciplining employees to follow rules and regulations and the code of conduct of the organization.
According to Mintzberg, how does the monitor role differ from the disseminator role?
The monitor role involves collecting information from external organizations and institutions, typically by scanning the news media including the Internet, and talking with other people to learn of changes in the public's tastes, what competitors may be planning, and so forth. On the other hand, the disseminator role comprises transmitting information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization.
What affect does age actually have on turnover?
The older you get the less likely you are to quit.
How are the management functions of planning, organizing, and leading different from one another? Explain.
The planning function encompasses defining an organization's goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate activities. On the other hand, the organizing function includes determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made. The leading function is comprised of managers motivating employees, directing their activities, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving conflicts among members.
Diversity programs are more likely to lead to positive adaptation for employees if they have which of the following characteristic?
The programs include and are meant for everyone.
Under which of the following conditions, if true, would the manager's suggestion least likely be accepted? A) The company conducts one-day offsite events on an annual basis to allow employees some time to unwind. B) The skills required by the company are highly specialized, and hence the company is short-staffed. C) The employees, though experiencing high levels of stress, also report high levels of job engagement. D) The company's employees have reported high stress levels for more than three years in a row. E) The company's leading competitor was recently voted as one of the best places to work due to its focus on employee well-being.
The skills required by the company are highly specialized, and hence the company is short-staffed. If the company is short staffed, then the company will most likely not be able to allow each of its employees to go on a 7-day mandatory vacation. Hence, this would weaken the likelihood that the manager's suggestion will be accepted. If the company's employees have reported high stress levels for more than three years in a row, then this would increase the likelihood that the manager's suggestion will be accepted. The fact that the company's leading competitor was recently voted as one of the best places to work due to its focus on employee well-being only slightly increases the likelihood that the manager's suggestion will be accepted. If the company conducts one-day offsite events on an annual basis, it only enhances the likelihood that the manager's suggestion will be accepted, as one-day events are not sufficient to combat work stress. The fact that the employees report high levels of stress as well as job engagement neither increases nor decreases the likelihood that the manager's suggestion will be accepted.
Globalization
The spreading of products, ideas and cultures across the world.
Explain workforce diversity and the key managerial skills for dealing with workforce diversity. What are two trends in workforce demographics?
The workforce has always adapted to variations in economies, longevity and birth rates, and socioeconomic conditions. Longevity and birth rates have also changed the dynamics in organizations; global longevity rates have increased six years in a very short time (since 1990), while birth rates are decreasing for many developed countries, trends that together indicate a lasting shift toward an older workforce. Socioeconomic shifts have a profound effect on workforce demographics. The days when women stayed home because it was expected are just a memory in some cultures, while in others, women face significant barriers to entry into the workforce.
Kimberly Ortiz strongly believes in working for a company that promotes diversity. She believes that such organizations are respectful of differences and allow employees more exposure. She recently attended an interview where she was told that the company follows policies that focus on organizational diversity. However, when she finally joined the company, she had a strong feeling that the company's claim was not true. Which of the following, if true, weakens Kimberly's belief that the company does not encourage diversity?
The workforce is not dominated by any specific ethnic or racial group
1) Kimberly Ortiz strongly believes in working for a company which promotes diversity. She believes that such organizations are respectful of differences and allow employees more exposure. She recently attended an interview where she was told that the company follows policies which focus on organizational diversity. However, when she finally joined the company, she had a strong feeling that the company's claim was not true. Which of the following, if true, weakens Kimberly's belief that the company does not encourage diversity? A) 85 percent of the top management positions in the company are held by men. B) She is the only African-American member in the entire workforce. C) The workforce is not dominated by any specific ethnic or racial group. D) The previous company she worked for made a conscious effort to employee an equal number of women. E) Her team members believe that they are treated equally in spite of differences in performance.
The workforce is not dominated by any specific ethnic or racial group.
Kimberly Ortiz strongly believes in working for a company that promotes diversity. She believes that such organizations are respectful of differences and allow employees more exposure. She recently attended an interview where she was told that the company follows policies that focus on organizational diversity. However, when she finally joined the company, she had a strong feeling that the company's claim was not true. Which of the following, if true, weakens Kimberly's belief that the company does not encourage diversity?
The workforce is not dominated by any specific ethnic or racial group.
Which of the following is true about emotions?
They are critical to rational thinking
Which of the following is TRUE about emotions?
They are critical to rational thinking.
Networked organizations
They are not in headquarters, not in same country, home based, online.
Which of the following is true regarding technical skills?
They encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge.
Why should mangers be interested in their employee's attitudes?
They give warnings of potential problems-managers should be interested in their employees attitudes because attitudes give warnings of potential problems and influence behavior, resulting in higher or lower profits and productivity. Some researchers believe that attitudes follow behavior, not the other way around. Although negative attitudes can cause problems, there are many positive reasons managers should look at job attitudes. Job satisfaction and attitudes in the US are generally high. Cognitive dissonance is the result of a disparity between an attitude and a behavior.
Why should managers be interested in their employees' attitudes?
They give warnings of potential problems.
5 Signs of Emotional Intelligence (article)
They handle criticism without denial, blame, excuses or anxiety They're open minded They're good listeners They don't sugarcoat the truth They apologize when they're wrong
Which of the following is true regarding contingency variables?
They refer to situational factors that moderate the relationship between two or more variables.
Which of the following statements represents the cognitive component of attitude? I intend to work during the weekend to meet the month's deadline. This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills. It is disappointing to know that I did not get a good evaluation. I feel upset about having to work during Christmas. I have decided to inform my supervisor that I will be quitting my job.
This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills.
12) A diversity program effective in improving representation in management is a strategy to measure the representation of minorities in managerial positions
True
15)Women being passed over for promotion even when they are performing better than men is an example of a discriminatory practice
True
16)The structures and measures of intellectual abilities generalize across cultures
True
19)Inductive reasoning is the ability to identify a logical sequence in a problem and then solve the problem.
True
A diversity program effective in improving representation in management is a strategy to measure the representation of minorities in managerial positions. T/F
True
A way for managers to respond to the problem of unethical behavior is to provide in-house advisors who can be contacted anonymously.
True
An organization is a consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people.
True
Effective diversity management involves eliminating unfair discrimination.
True
Evidence-based management complements systematic study by basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence.
True
Inductive reasoning is the ability to identify a logical sequence in a problem and then solve the problem. T/F
True
One major study area of social psychology is change, how to implement it, and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance.
True
Organizational behavior applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups, and the effect of structure on behavior in order to make organizations work more effectively.
True
T/F : Attitudes are favorable or unfavorable evaluative statements about objects, people, or events.
True
T/F: "Voice" is an active and constructive response to dissatisfaction.
True
T/F: According to Festinger, people seek consistency between their attitudes and their behaviors.
True
T/F: An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work he or she does is known as employee engagement.
True
T/F: Cognitive dissonance explains the linkage between attitudes and behavior.
True
T/F: Discrepancies between attitudes and behavior tend to occur when social pressures to behave in certain ways hold exceptional power, as in most organizations.
True
T/F: Disengaged employees have a tendency to invest time but not energy or attention into their work.
True
T/F: Employees' beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their jobs, and their perceived autonomy is known as psychological empowerment.
True
T/F: Job satisfaction describes a positive feeling about a job, resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.
True
T/F: No individual can completely avoid dissonance.
True
T/F: Rewards can offset dissonance.
True
T/F: The affective component of attitude is the emotional, or feeling, segment of an attitude.
True
T/F: The attitude-behavior relationship is likely to be much stronger if an attitude refers to something with which we have direct personal experience.
True
T/F: The relationship between pay and job satisfaction virtually disappears when one earns a pay package sufficient for or more than the comfortable living amount.
True
T/F: The three components of an attitude are cognition, affect, and behavior.
True
The Royal Bank of Canada story highlights several issues of interest to those seeking to understand organizational behavior, including motivation, ethics, emotions, personality, and culture.
True
The job of a guest relations executive at a hotel is a kind of service job.
True
The structures and measures of intellectual abilities generalize across cultures. T/F
True
Women being passed over for promotion even when they are performing better than men is an example of a discriminatory practice. T/F
True
Which of the following explains why the relationship between age and job performance is likely to be of increasing importance during the next decade? A)the workforce is shrinking and older workers are compelled to work beyond retirement B)a decline in immigration has opened up more entry-level positions for older workers C)increasing job opportunities are opening up in the domestic sector, resulting in a dearth of employees D)U.S. legislation, in effect, outlaws mandatory retirement E)a majority of people believe that productivity rises as a person grows older
U.S legislation, in effect, outlaws mandatory retirement
Discuss the growing importance of interpersonal skills in the workplace.
Until the late 1980s, business school curricula emphasized the technical aspects of management, focusing on economics, accounting, finance, and quantitative techniques. Course work in human behavior and people skills received relatively less attention. Over the past three decades, however, business faculty have come to realize the role that understanding human behavior plays in determining a manager's effectiveness and required courses on people skills have been added to many curricula. Developing managers' interpersonal skills also helps organizations attract and keep high-performing employees. Regardless of labor market conditions, outstanding employees are always in short supply. Having managers with good interpersonal skills is likely to make the workplace more pleasant, which in turn makes it easier to hire and keep qualified people. Creating a pleasant workplace also appears to make good economic sense.
Audrey Smith is a renowned psychiatrist in New Jersey. While interacting with patients, she needs to understand their points of view by listening intently to what they say. It is important that she understands their problems so that she can offer advice. In such a situation, Smith is using the dimension of intellectual ability.
Verbal Comprehension
Audrey Smith is a renowned psychiatrist in new Jersey. While interacting with patients she needs to understand their points of view by listening intently to what they say. It is important that she understands their problems so that she can offer advices. In such situations, Smith is using the ____ dimension of intellectual ability.
Verbal Comprehension-a dimension of intellectual ability which refers to the ability to understand what is read or heard and the relationship of words to each other.
37) ________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which refers to the ability to understand what is read or heard and the relationship of words to each other. A) Lateral masking B) Verbal comprehension C) Depth perception D) Spatial visualization E) Visual perception
Verbal comprehension
Audrey Smith is a renowned psychiatrist in New Jersey. While interacting with patients, she needs to understand their points of view by listening intently to what they say. It is important that she understands their problems so that she can offer advice. In such a situation, Smith is using the_____dimension of intellectual ability. A) perpetual speed B) spatial visualization C) number aptitude D) lateral thinking E) verbal comprehension
Verbal comprehension
__________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which refers to the ability to understand what is read or heard and the relationship of words to each other A)lateral masking B)verbal comprehension C)depth perception D)spacial visualization E)visual perception
Verbal comprehension
The degree to which employees identify with the organization they work for and its goals.
What is the definition of organizational behavior? The degree to which employees identify with the organization they work for and its goals. The state of discord caused by opposition of values between people working together. The degree to which an employee's sense of cognitive dissonance is related to their job. The employee's degree of disagreement or differential opinions about organizational practices. The degree to which employees believe that their work affects their organization significantly.
Personality
What type of differences between people represent deep-level diversity? Race Age Ethnicity Gender Personality
High job involvement
Which of the following is most likely to be related to reduced absences and lower resignation rates? High job involvement High cognitive dissonance Low psychological empowerment Low organizational commitment High emotional contagion
Older workers have extensive work experience.
Which of the following is the most likely reason why employers should employ older workers? They adjust to new technology promptly. Older workers have extensive work experience. Older workers are flexible and learn quickly. They have shorter tenures and hence lower pension benefits than younger workers. The rates of unavoidable absences are lower than those of younger workers.
Job satisfaction
Which of the following terms refer to a positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics? Job satisfaction Job design Positivity offset Constructive dismissal Picketing
Attitude
Which of the following terms refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events? Attitude Behavior Appearance Demeanor Performance
What is withdrawal behavior? Explain.
Withdrawal behavior is the set of actions that employees take to separate themselves from the organization. There are many forms of withdrawal, ranging from showing up late or failing to attend meetings to absenteeism and turnover. Employee withdrawal can have a very negative effect on an organization. The cost of employee turnover alone has been estimated to run into the thousands of dollars, even for entry-level positions. Absenteeism also costs organizations significant amounts of money and time every year. Withdrawal behavior may result in the workflow being disrupted and important decisions being delayed. In today's changing world of work, reasonable levels of employee-initiated turnover improve organizational flexibility and employee independence, and they can lessen the need for management-initiated layoffs.
What affect does gender actually have on absenteeism?
Women have higher absenteeism because of family and home obligations.
What are some perceptions of woman workers?
Women in male dominated work conditions are more hostile, less-likeable and not ideal supervisors.
Discuss whether there are gender differences regarding emotions
Women tend to be more emotionally expressive than men, they feel emotions intensely and have longer lasting moods, and express emotions more intensely than men
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about differences between men and women in relations to emotional reactions?
Women tend to hold onto emotions longer than men
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about differences between men and women in relation to emotional reactions?
Women tend to hold onto emotions longer than men.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about differences between men and women in relation to emotional reactions? Men are more emotionally expressive than women. Men experience emotions more intensely than women. Women express anger more frequently than men. Women tend to hold onto emotions longer than men. Men display positive emotions more frequently than women.
Women tend to hold onto emotions longer than men. Evidence confirms that women are more emotionally expressive than men; they experience emotions more intensely, they tend to "hold onto" emotions longer than men, and they display more frequent expressions of both positive and negative emotions, except anger. LO: 4.2: Identify the sources of emotions and moods.
What affect does gender actually have on turnover?
Women turnover more frequently as they have larger home and family responsibilities.
The ______ is the most widely used intelligence test in hiring decisions and takes only twelve minutes to be completed.
Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test
The _______ is the most widely used intelligence test in hiring decisions and takes only 12 minutes to be completed A)Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test B)Ammons Quick Test C)Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales D)Kohs block design test
Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test
The _______ is the most widely used intelligence test in hiring decisions and takes only twelve minutes to be completed.
Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test
Which of the following is true regarding work-life balance for a majority of men and women in a recent survey?
Work-life balance was more important than money, recognition, and autonomy.
________ refers to the heterogeneity of organizations in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse groups.
Workforce diversity
People often behave in ways that violate established norms and threaten the organization, its members, or both. Such actions are called ________.
Workplace deviant behaviors
Thurman Inc., a manufacturing company in Vermont, needs to hire employees for its new office in the city. The positions require the employees to travel across the country regularly. The management has specified that they are looking for employees below the age of 40 who are young and dynamic. Which of the following beliefs is the management most likely to hold?
Younger workers are more flexible to change
Thurman Inc. a manufacturing company in Vermont, needs to hire employees for its new offices in the city. The position requires the employees to ravel across the country regularly. The management has specified that they are looking for employees under that age of 40 who are young and dynamic. Which of the following beliefs is the management most likely to hold?
Younger workers are more flexible to change-when organizations are actively seeking individuals who are adaptable and open to change, the negatives associated with age clearly hinder the initial hiring of older workers and increase the likelihood they will be let go during cutbacks.
Thurman Inc., a manufacturing company in Vermont, needs to hire employees for its new office in the city. The positions require the employees to travel across the country regularly. The management has specified that they are looking for employees below the age of 40 who are young and dynamic. Which of the following beliefs is the management most likely to hold?
Younger workers are more flexible to change.
Intuition
Your gut feeling
affective events theory (AET)
a model that suggest that workplace events cause emotional reactions on the part of employees, which then influence workplace attitudes and behaviors
Katherine started her day with a cup of coffee while reading the newspaper. However, something about the day makes her feel low. When she reaches the office, she feels upset and distracted from work although she cannot pinpoint a reason for feeling this way. She continues to feel upset and distracted through the rest of the day. Which of the following is she most likely to be experiencing?
a mood Moods are cognitive in nature and their cause is often general and unclear. They last longer than emotions—for several hours or days.
emotional labor
a situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work
___________ may be defined as an individuals current capacity to perform varies tasks in a job A)ability B)age C)duty D)role E)tenure
ability
Behavioral
action (ex: I am looking for other work. I complain about my supervisor to anyone who will listen)
Which of the following is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience?
affect
The term ______ refers to the individual differences in the strength with which individuals experience their emotions.
affect intensity
________ refers to individual differences in strength with which individuals experience their emotions.
affect intensity
Johanna Rouse feels disheartened because she was not selected for the campaign exchange program in Amsterdam. Which component of an attitude does Rouse's feeling represent? reflective cognitive affective reactive behavioral
affective
According to the _____________ work events trigger positive or negative emotional reactions among employees and these reactions influence their job performance and satisfaction.
affective events theory (AET)
8) Malcolm Industries recently hired a large number of workers for the company's new construction factory in Colorado. During the hiring process, the management made a clear effort to recruit physically strong individuals because the work at the factory involves manual labor. The jobs need to be performed by individuals who have the energy and physical stamina to work for long hours. Which of the following surface-level characteristics did the company most likely concentrate on when selecting the new workers? A) age B) values C) beliefs D) religion E) race
age
Malcolm Industries recently hired a large number of workers for the company's new construction factory in Colorado. During the hiring process, the management made a clear effort to recruit physically strong individuals because the work at the factory involves manual labor. The jobs need to be performed by individuals who have the energy and physical stamina to work for long hours. Which of the following surface-level characteristics did the company most likely concentrate on when selecting the new workers? A) age B) values C) beliefs D) religion E) personality
age
Malcolm Industries recently hired a large number of workers for the company's new construction factory in Colorado. During the hiring process, the management made a clear effort to recruit physically strong individuals because the work at the factory involves manual labor. The jobs need to be performed by individuals who have the energy and physical stamina to work for long hours. Which of the following surface-level characteristics did the company most likely concentrate on when selecting the new workers?
age
Deep-level diversity includes all of the following EXCEPT_________.
age
Ashley Madison works as a receptionist at a fashion magazine. One morning, her boss walks into the office and yells at her, telling her that the front office is a mess and she needs to clean it immediately. After her boss leaves the room, Madison goes to the front office and violently slams trash into the bin. Which of the following best describes Madison's anger?
an emotion
Ashley works as a receptionist at a fashion magazine. One morning, her boss walks into the office and yells at her, telling her that the front office is a mess and she needs to clean it immediately. After her boss leaves the room, Ashley goes to the front office and violently slams trash into the bin. Which of the following best describes Madison's anger?
an emotion
Which of the following is an example of surface acting? an employee expressing her true admiration for her colleague an employee masking her emotions of distrust toward the management an employee striving to like her job even though it feels uninteresting an employee retorting back at an annoying customer a colleague making an effort to get along with a difficult team mate
an employee masking her emotions of distrust toward the management Surface acting is hiding inner feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules. An employee masking her emotions of distrust toward the management is an example of surface acting. LO: 4.3: Show the impact emotional labor has on employees.
Which of the following is an example of surface acting? A) an employee expressing her true admiration for her colleague B) an employee masking her emotions of distrust toward the management C) an employee striving to like her job even though it feels uninteresting D) an employee retorting back at an annoying customer E) a colleague making an effort to get along with a difficult team mate
an employee masking her emotions of distrust toward the management Surface acting is hiding inner feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules. An employee masking her emotions of distrust toward the management is an example of surface acting.
Which of the following is one of the six essentially universal emotions agreed on by a majority of researchers?
anger
Myriam is analyzing the gender roles of men and women in management in the United States and comparing them to the gender roles in management in Japan. She is surveying fifty male and fifty female managers in each country to compare their daily behavior. Myriam's study exemplifies how ________ contributes to OB.
anthropology
when should you start searching and applying for jobs?
as a senior
The concept of "reflected best-self" involves ________.
asking employees to think about when they were at their personal best in order to exploit their strengths
Recent studies show ________.
attaining a balance between personal life and work is a primary career goal
Recent studies show______.
attaining a balance between personal life and work is a primary career goal
Which of the following is an example of an outcome at an individual level?
attitude
Examples of Outcomes...
attitudes & stress/task performance/citizenship behavior/withdrawal behavior (individual) group cohesion/group functioning (group) productivity/survival (organizational)
Leon Festinger argued that ________ follow(s) ________.
attitudes; behavior
Which of the following is not true regarding positive and negative emotions in different CULTURES?
b. Compared to Mainland Chinese, Taiwanese are similar to Latin Americans in their experience of culture. The degree to which people experience positive and negative emotions has been shown to vary across cultures. In China, people report experiencing fewer positive and negative emotions than people in other cultures and the emotions they experience are less intense. Compared to Mainland Chinese, Taiwanese are more like U.S. workers in their experience of emotions; on average they report more positive and fewer negative emotions than their Chinese counterparts.
The physical ability that allows a body to maintain equilibrium despite opposing forces is known as ____.
balance
Kimberley Mayfield recently evaluated her subordinate's progress report. She now plans to inform her about the objectives she did not achieve and how she can perform better. By doing this, Mayfield will be demonstrating the ________ component of an attitude.
behavioral
Sarah Mayer works as a security officer and is in charge of keeping track of who is in the office at any given time. She notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they go out for meals, which makes it difficult to keep track of attendance of employees. Even though Mayer has repeatedly asked the employees to sign out, they have not followed her advice. She now decides to report the issue to her supervisor. Which of the following components of an attitude is being demonstrated by Mayer?
behavioral
Sarah Mayer works as a security officer and is in charge of keeping track of who is in the office at any given time. She notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they go out for meals, which makes it difficult to keep track of attendance of employees. Even though Mayer has repeatedly asked the employees tterm-1o sign out, they have not followed her advice. She now decides to report the issue to her supervisor. Which of the following components of an attitude is being demonstrated by Mayer? cognitive positive affective knowledge behavioral
behavioral
Kimberly Mayfield recently evaluated her subordinates progress report. She now plans to inform her about the objectives she did not achieve and how she can perform better. By doing this, Mayfield will be demonstrate the ______ component of an attitude.
behavioral-an attitude describes an intention to behave in a certain way towards someone or something. By planning to inform her subordinate of her performance, Mayfield is demonstrating the behavioral component of attitude.
Raylon Inc. needs to hire a new floor supervisor. As the company has recently made an effort to increase diversity within the organization, the HR team wants to hire a qualified female candidate for the role instead of adequately qualified male candidates. However, top management insists that optimal performance is the top priority and that the candidate hired should be the person best suited for the job. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen HR's case for hiring the female candidate? A) There are nearly as many female employees on the floor as male employees. B) The company has recently introduced policies that provide greater benefits for working and single mothers. C) Most of the top-level managers in the company are female. D) The company policy stipulates that each employee has to work at least one week per month on a night shift. E) Both candidates have the qualifications required to perform up to expectations.
both candidates have the qualifications required to perform up to expectations
affect
broad range of feelings that people experience
Which of the following is an example of a process at the organizational level?
change of practices
The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace is called ________ behavior.
citizenship
Anna Jonas owns a manufacturing firm in Indonesia and strongly believes that it is important that workers' rights be respected. However, because of the recent economic meltdown, she makes the management pay workers a wage which is below ethical standards. In addition, the working conditions are below standards because of low investment in safety equipment. She knows her actions are unethical but continues to do so to avoid major losses. Jonas is most likely to be experiencing ________. cognitive dissonance self-concordance ethical evasion emotional contagion positivity offset
cognitive dissonance
The three components of an attitude
cognitive, affective & behavioral
Group ________ is the extent to which members of a group support and validate one another at work.
cohesion
An example of a process at a group level is ________.
communication
Joann Hayes is currently working on a project to tackle climate change. During the project, she needs to find different options to replace the use of non-renewable energy and check the feasibility of different renewable energy options before choosing the most practical one. Which of the following skills does Hayes primarily need to use for these tasks?
conceptual skills
Which of the following is not an example of moral emotions?
contempt for those who behave ethically
Raymond Mayer is conducting a study on discrimination against campaign activists based on gender. In his study, he noted that male executives who visited Indonesian villages to promote the use of renewable energy received a highly positive response. In contrast, women who visited the same villages received an antagonistic response. However, Mayer stated that his findings only applied to villages. In this study, the presence of a village is considered a ________ variable.
contingency
Lesley Torres is a project manager for the campaign "Action against Deforestation in Indonesia." She recently faced a glitch when the campaign could not be launched publicly according to schedule. Torres monitored the schedule to find the cause of the delay before speeding up the implementation process by allocating more members for the implementation phase. By doing this, which of the following functions is she performing?
controlling
People in good moods tend to be more _________ than people in bad moods.
creative
According to Fred Luthans and his associates, managers involved in traditional management activities undertook which of the following tasks?
decision making
Which of the following is an example of a process at an individual level?
decision making
Poor or reduced sleep impairs __________ making and makes it difficult to control emotions.
decisions
Irene Jones, a project manager at a water conservation foundation, is holding a team meeting to discuss the different modes of spreading awareness about the issue of water conservation to the public. A team member, John Sullivan, states that using broadcasting media is the best way to reach out to the public. On the other hand, Pamela Riley states that print media is the right medium to spread word about the issue. Jones is now weighing the pros and cons of both her team members' suggestions before choosing the medium which will be most appropriate for the water conservation project. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability is Jones most likely to be using to make her decision? A) number aptitude B) spatial visualization C) memory D) lateral masking E) deductive reasoning
deductive reasoning
_______ is a dimension of intellectual ability which involves using logic to assess the implications of an argument A)deductive reasoning B)spacial visualization C)haptic perception D)multi stable perception E)lateral masking
deductive reasoning
The practice of modifying one's true inner feelings based on display rules is known as ________.
deep acting
The practice of modifying one's true inner feelings based on display rules is known as ________.
deep acting .
____________ diversity refers to diversity with respect to attributes that are less easy to observe initially but that can be inferred after more direct experience A)surface-level B)additive C)demographic D)deep-level E)conjunctive
deep-level
Which of the following functions do managers undertake as part of planning functions?
defining an organization's goals
Jonathan Cowan is upset because he was passed over for a promotion he had really worked hard for. In response to his anger toward the manager and the company, he has started gossiping about the manager with his colleagues and assigning blame on him unnecessarily. Jonathan's behavior is an example of ________. A) deviant workplace behavior B) distinction bias C) cognitive dissonance D) positivity offset E) emotional dissonance
deviant workplace behavior People often behave in ways that violate established norms and threaten the organization, its members, or both. Such actions are called workplace deviant behaviors. For instance, an envious employee could backstab another employee, negatively distort others' successes, and positively distort his/her own accomplishments.
Jonathan Cowan is upset because he was passed over for a promotion he had really worked hard for. In response to his anger toward the manager and the company, he has started gossiping about the manager with his colleagues and assigning blame on him unnecessarily. Jonathan's behavior is an example of ________. deviant workplace behavior distinction bias role engulfment behavioral contagion emotional dissonance
deviant workplace behavior People often behave in ways that violate established norms and threaten the organization, its members, or both. Such actions are called workplace deviant behaviors. For instance, an envious employee could backstab another employee, negatively distort others' successes, and positively distort his/her own accomplishments. LO: 4.6: Identify strategies for emotion regulation.
Studying facial expressions has proven __________ because some emotions are too complex to be easily represented on our faces.
difficult
Surface acting deals with __________ emotions whereas deep acting deals with felt emotions.
displayed
Surface acting deals only with ________ emotions. A) negative B) weak C) cognitive D) strong E) displayed
displayed Displayed emotions are those that the organization requires workers to show and considers appropriate in a given job, therefore a person engaging in surface acting is only concerned with displayed emotions. Deep acting deals with felt emotions. Surface acting is not defined in regard to negative, weak, or strong emotions.
The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework aids in understanding the consequences of ________
dissatisfaction
The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework aids in understanding the consequences of ________.
dissatisfaction
The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework aids in understanding the consequences of ________. high employee engagement dissatisfaction emotional contagion regular feedback increasing growth opportunities
dissatisfaction
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to transmit information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization.
disseminator
The role of a(n) ________ is a type of informational role according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles.
disseminator
Which of the following is a kind of physical ability which refers to the ability to make rapid repeated flexing movements? A)equilibrium B)balance C)dynamic flexibility D)static strength E)body coordination
dynamic flexibility
Which of the following is an example of an Epicurean activity which helps increase a person's positive mood?
eating a meal with friends
Examples of Process...
emotion & mood/perception/decision (individual) communicate/conflict/leadership (group) HR management/change practices (organization)
Green Earth, an environmental organization in Oklahoma, recently recruited Phyllis Galvan as a project coordinator. Galvan's manager has noticed that ever since she has joined, she has been extremely positive about her work and takes up challenges without complaining. In addition, she maintains a positive ambience by helping out colleagues and smiling at everyone she interacts with. Her behavior has had a positive effect on her colleagues, who have started behaving in a similar manner. Which of the following concepts is demonstrated in this example?
emotional contagion
Green Earth, an environmental organization in Oklahoma, recently recruited Phyllis as a project coordinator. Phyllyis' manager has noticed that ever since she has joined, she has been extremely positive about her work and takes up challenges without complaining. In addition, she maintains a positive ambiance by helping out colleagues and smiling at everyone she interacts with. Her behavior has had a positive effect on her colleagues, who have started behaving in a similar manner. Which of the following concepts is demonstrated in this example?
emotional contagion
Green Earth, an environmental organization in Oklahoma, recently recruited Phyllis Galvan as a project coordinator. Galvan's manager has noticed that ever since she has joined, she has been extremely positive about her work and takes up challenges without complaining. In addition, she maintains a positive ambience by helping out colleagues and smiling at everyone she interacts with. Her behavior has had a positive effect on her colleagues, who have started behaving in a similar manner. Which of the following concepts is demonstrated in this example? emotional dissonance Ben Franklin effect unit bias anchoring effect emotional contagion
emotional contagion Emotional contagion refers to the process by which people's emotions are caused by the emotions of others. LO: 4.6: Identify strategies for emotion regulation.
Sally works as a customer care executive at a telecom office in Ohio. She often needs to interact with a regular customer and she finds him extremely annoying. However, because of the nature of her work, she conceals her emotions well and politely talks to him and clarifies all his questions. Which of the following is being experienced by Sally? illusory correlation emotional dissonance positive affect emotional selection positivity offset
emotional dissonance Emotional dissonance is defined as the inconsistency between the emotions people feel and the emotions they project. LO: 4.3: Show the impact emotional labor has on employees.
Alejandro is constantly annoying people in the office. He speaks his mind freely without taking into consideration how it will affect others, doesn't try to smile when he's in a bad mood, and can't understand why other people are upset with him. Alejandro's inability to be self-aware indicates that he has a very low ________. A) cognitive intelligence B) self-esteem C) negative affect D) emotional intelligence E) job satisfaction
emotional intelligence Emotional intelligence (EI) is a commonly accepted term that is based on three factors: a person's ability to (1) be self-aware (to recognize one's own emotions when experiencing them), (2) detect emotions in others, and (3) manage emotional cues and information. In general, people who know their emotions, or EI, are more effective. Alejandro shows that he is incapable of reading his own emotions, or those of others, revealing a low EI.
Alejandro is constantly annoying people in the office. He speaks his mind freely without taking into consideration how it will affect others, doesn't try to smile when he's in a bad mood, and can't understand why other people are upset with him. Alejandro's inability to be self-aware indicates that he has a very low ________. cognitive intelligence self-esteem negative affect emotional intelligence job satisfaction
emotional intelligence Emotional intelligence (EI) is a commonly accepted term that is based on three factors: a person's ability to (1) be self-aware (to recognize one's own emotions when experiencing them), (2) detect emotions in others, and (3) manage emotional cues and information. In general, people who know their emotions, or EI, are more effective. Alejandro shows that he is incapable of reading his own emotions, or those of others, revealing a low EI. LO: 4.5: Describe emotional intelligence.
A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work is known as ________.
emotional labor
Johanna Godfrey works as a guest relations executive at a five star deluxe hotel in Washington. During the course of her job, she needs to greet and smile at guests irrespective of her state of mind. In addition, when any guest faces problems, she needs to be calm and composed and help resolve issues. This shows that Johanna's job requires ________. emotional labor cognitive dissonance self-concordance positivity offset social loafing
emotional labor Emotional labor is defined as a situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work, meaning that his/her job demands a certain set of emotional responses regardless of true feelings. LO: 4.3: Show the impact emotional labor has on employees.
The expression of ________ in speeches can be a critical element that makes people accept or reject a leader's message.
emotions
An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work he/she performs is known as ________. positivity offset emotional contagion cognitive dissonance self-concordance employee engagement
employee engagement
Job dissatisfaction and antagonistic relationships with co-workers predict a variety of behaviors organizations find undesirable, including unionization attempts, substance abuse, undue socializing, and tardiness. These behaviors are indicators of a broader syndrome called ________. cognitive dissonance job involvement employee withdrawal positivity offset organizational commitment
employee withdrawal
7) Which of the following best represents deep-level similarity? A) colleagues who both hail from the same neighborhood in Alabama B) employees who are college graduates with a degree in business management C) employees who speak Spanish and share similar religious values D) employees who seek challenges in assignments and like to work collaboratively E) employees in their mid-thirties with 10 years' work experience in the publishing industry
employees who seek challenges in assignments and like to work collaboratively
Which of the following best represents deep-level similarity? A)colleagues who both hail from the same neighborhood in Alabama B)employees who are college graduates with a degree in business management C)employees who speak Spanish and share similar religious values D)Employees who seek challenges in assignments and like to work collaboratively E)employees in their mid-thirties with 10 years' work experience in the publishing industry
employees who seek challenges in assignments and like to work collaboratively
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, a(n) ________ searches the organization and its environment for opportunities and initiates projects to bring about change.
entrepreneur
What are Decisional Roles? (Minztberg)
entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, negotiator
4) Differences in ________ indicate surface-level diversity. A) personality B) values C) style of work D) ethnicity E) attitudes
ethnicity
Differences in ________ indicate surface-level diversity. A) personality B) values C) style of work D) ethnicity E) attitudes
ethnicity
Cognitive
evaluation (ex: my supervisor gave a promotion to a coworker who deserved it less than I did. My supervisor is unfair)
22) Jill Ivey has been working as a sales executive at Orbit Bank for the last two years. However, she has noticed that she is often not given an opportunity to attend training programs that her team members attend every quarter. She also is disappointed about the fact that she never gets to handle corporate clients, which provides better chances of a promotion. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is she most likely to have been subjected to? A) exclusion B) mockery C) gaslighting D) destabilization E) mobbing
exclusion
23) Women being assigned marginal job roles that do not lead to promotion is an example of the ________ form of discrimination. A) hazing B) gaslighting C) coercion D) exclusion E) battery
exclusion
Jill Ivey has been working as a sales executive at Orbit Bank for the last two years. However, she has noticed that she is often not given an opportunity to attend training programs that her team members attend every quarter. She also is disappointed about the fact that she never gets to handle corporate clients, which provides better chances of a promotion. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is she most likely to have been subjected to?
exclusion
Women being assigned marginal job roles that do not lead to promotion is an example of the ________ form of discrimination. A) hazing B) gaslighting C) coercion D) exclusion E) battery
exclusion
__________, which may occur intentionally or unintentionally, refers to keeping certain people in a work place away from job opportunities, social events, discussions, or informal mentoring. A)exclusion B)mockery C)stalking D)ragging E)bullying
exclusion
Maria Womack works for a bank in Michigan and is dissatisfied with the way her manager treats her. She is planning to quit her job and find a new position with another competitor bank. Her action represents the ________ response.
exit
The ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible is known as
extent flexibility
The ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible is known as ________ A)static strength B)stamina C)trunk strength D)extent flexibility E)balance
extent flexibility
Managers who oversee the movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor are most likely to ________.
face opposition from labor groups
Moods are generally not indicated by distinct _________ .
facial expressions
60) Demographics mostly reflect deep-level rather than surface-level diversity.
false
61) Two colleagues who bond over similarities of growing up in a French-speaking locality can be said to have deep-level similarities rather than surface-level similarities.
false
63) Unfair discrimination involves noticing and being aware of individual characteristics among people in a group.
false
67) Recent U.S. legislation has instituted mandatory retirement at 70 in order to ensure that jobs are available for younger workers.
false
68) Older people are more likely to quit and change jobs than younger employees.
false
70) There has been a significant decrease in the female participation in the workforce over the past 40 years.
false
72) The U.S. Bureau of the Census does not allow for classification of individuals by race.
false
75) According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, employers are under no obligation to make accommodations for individuals with physical or mental disabilities.
false
76) A person suffering from alcoholism is not classified as disabled according to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, as alcoholism is self-induced.
false
77) Federal law in the United States prohibits discrimination against employees based on sexual orientation.
false
78) The less complex a job in terms of information-processing demands, the more general intelligence and verbal abilities are necessary to perform successfully.
false
80) Perceptual speed is the ability to imagine how an object would look if its position in space were changed.
false
82) Memory is not a component of intelligence and is considered as a separate faculty.
false
83) There is a strong correlation between intelligence and job satisfaction.
false
85) Diversity management refers to being unbiased by overlooking the differences between individuals in an organization.
false
87) Targeting recruiting messages to specific demographic groups underrepresented in the workforce is an example of unfair discrimination.
false
Using mental ability test for promotion leads to unfavorable outcomes for racial and ethnic groups and hampers efforts toward diversity management.
false
Affective
feeling (ex: I dislike my supervisor)
moods
feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus general feeling, unclear cause, lasts longer
As we get older, we experience __________ negative emotions.
fewer
According to Henry Mintzberg, a factory supervisor giving a group of high school students a tour of the plant may be termed as a ________.
figurehead
What are Interpersonal Roles? (Minztberg)
figurehead, leader, liason
Amber and Emma were recently hired by a marketing agency. Though there is a lot of work that has been allotted to both of them, Amber is always in a good mood. Emma, on the other hand, appears to be depressed with her job. Compared to Emma, Amber is more likely to ________.
find better solutions to problems
Which of the following is an example of a position in a service job?
flight attendant
Which of the following is a cause of work-life conflicts?
global organizations
Whereas ________ focuses on differences among people from different countries, ________ addresses differences among people within given countries.
globalization; workforce diversity
Carlos is upset because his boss gave him work to finish over the weekend. It is Friday. Which of the following is most likely to help Carlos lift his spirits?
going to a party with his friends
technical skills, human and conceptual skills are important for...
good management
have a plan & start early
have an elevator speech
surface acting
hiding one's inner feelings and forgoing emotional expressions in response to display rules
Negative affect is a mood dimension consisting of nervousness, stress, and anxiety at the _______ end and boredom, depression, and fatigue at the low end.
high
Wanda Elder works as a human resource executive. Being helpful is inherent in her nature, and she regularly interacts with employees, helping them understand their needs and easing difficulties. She reads emotional cues of people with ease and knows how to express her emotions without violating organizational norms. Which of the following is Elder characterized by? A) high cognitive dissonance B) low self-esteem C) high emotional dissonance D) high emotional intelligence E) low job satisfaction
high emotional intelligence Emotional intelligence (EI) is a person's ability to (1) perceive emotions in the self and others, (2) understand the meaning of these emotions, and (3) regulate one's emotions.
Which of the following is most likely to be related to reduced absences and lower resignation rates?
high job involvement
Jane recently joined her first job as a communication executive and is working on creating press releases for an upcoming campaign. The campaign is getting launched publicly in the next week and Jane will need to interact with the media and give sound bites on the issue. This is the first time she will be interacting with the press and she is experiencing emotions of anxiousness, nervousness, and stress. Which of the following mood dimensions is she experiencing?
high negative affect
Jean works as a fund raising executive at a women rights organization in San Diego. Though she has been with the organization for only a year now, she has already been promoted and often gets excellent feedback from her manager. Her manager says that the key to Jeans good performance is that she is happy with the work she does and she is excited about the challenges in tasks, which she takes up with a lot of enthusiasm. Which of the following mood dimensions is Jean most likely to be feeling?
high positive affect
The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, may be defined as ________.
human skills
________ refers to the tendency of people to associate two events when in reality there is no connection.
illusory correlation
emotional dissonance
inconsistencies between the emotions people feel and the emotions they project
Activities that are physical, informal, or epicurean are more strongly associated with __________ in positive mood than activities that are formal or sedentary..
increases
________ refers to a dimension of intellectual ability which involves identifying a logical sequence in a problem and using this logical sequence to solve the problem A)inductive reasoning B)spacial visualization C)form perception D)visual perception E)visual prosthesis
inductive reasoning
Displayed emotions are not _______ and cannot be ________.
innate; learned
Surface acting is hiding ___________ and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules.
inner feelings
With reference to a basic OB model, ______ are determined in advance of the employment relationship, and refer to variables such as personality, group structure, and organizational culture that lead to processes.
inputs
With reference to a basic OB model, ________ are determined in advance of the employment relationship and refer to variables such as personality, group structure, and organizational culture that lead to processes.
inputs
emotions
intense feelings, that are directed at someone or something short lived, intense feelings, typically caused by specific events, spontaneous,
13) In a workplace, ________ involves overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees. A) intimidation B) risk aversion C) inequity aversion D) optimism bias E) ambiguity aversion
intimidation
15) Which of the following refers to a kind of discrimination which refers to overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees? A) intimidation B) impact bias C) inequity aversion D) framing effect E) benefaction
intimidation
17) Hazel Samuels has been working at her company for the past two years and consistently gets yelled at by her manager even when she is not at fault. He often makes derogatory references to her ethnicity. In addition, during team meetings, she is his target for practical jokes and nasty pranks. She is extremely upset and decides not to be subjected to such treatment any longer. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is she most likely to report to the human resource department in such a situation? A) intimidation B) sexual harassment C) hazing D) mobbing E) whistle-blowing
intimidation
In a workplace, ________ involves overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees A)intimidation B)risk aversion C)inequity aversion D)optimism bias E)ambiguity aversion
intimidation
Which of the following refers to a kind of discrimination that refers to overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees?
intimidation
Which of the following refers to a kind of discrimination which refers to overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees? A)intimidation B)impact bias C)inequity aversion D)framing effect E)benefaction
intimidation
Which of the following is true with respect to workplace discrimination? A)discrimination occurs more at lower levels in the organization than higher levels B)it may lead to reduced productivity and citizenship behavior C)only intentional discrimination is addressed by diversity management efforts D)forms of discrimination like exclusion are easy to root out E)the discrimination are inevitably aware of their action toward the victim
it may lead to reduced productivity and citizenship behavior
Which of the following is true with respect to surface-level diversity? A)it refers to psychographic characteristics of the members of a group B)People with surface-level diversity will also share deep-level diversity C)It indicates differences of values, emotions and personality traits between people D)It refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender and race E)It represents a person's or group's thought processes and feelings
it refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender and race
Which of the following is a result of globalization?
jobs moving to nations with low-cost labor
Ellen Ortiz works as a sales manager at a telecom firm. The company has recently launched a new product in the market. Her work in the next few weeks involves sharing knowledge about the product with her team members. She will also need to inspire them to reach their sales targets and clarify any doubts about the new product. Which of the following roles is Ortiz playing?
leader
Johanna Reid, a campaign manager at a child rights organization, recently started working on an illiteracy project. During the project, she needs to motivate team members to attain their project milestones and direct them through different phases of the project. Which of the following kinds of functions will these tasks be covered under?
leading
25) Which of the following is a biographical characteristic of an employee? A) length of tenure B) work preferences C) personality D) values E) beliefs
length of tenure
Which of the following is a biographical characteristic of an employee? A)length of tenure B)work preferences C)personality D)values E)beliefs
length of tenure
Which of the following is a biographical characteristic of an employee?
length of tenure
Moods are feelings that tend to be ______ intense than emotions and often lack a contextual stimulus.
less
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, which of the following is a kind of interpersonal role?
liaison
Regina George works as a campaign manager in a not-for-profit organization in Hampshire. For the upcoming campaign against genetic engineering, she is networking with managers who are working on the issue of food safety. Through her network of contacts, she strives to gain information about the stakeholders in the food industry and other lobby groups. Which of the following roles is George most likely to be playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles?
liaison
Moods last _____ than emotions.
longer
Rachel is a former top management graduate student who now works as a project manager at a retail firm. However, in spite of her strong educational background, she often finds it difficult to manage her team efficiently. She is not able to understand her team's emotions when they feel frustrated with a work challenge or when they need appreciation for a job well done. Which of the following does Rachel suffer from?
low emotional intelligence Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to detect and to manage emotional cues and information.
In her work in the publishing industry, Vera Loranzo seeks out new authors who she considers promising. In the past two years, she has found a number of new writers whose work she thought was exceptional and immersed herself in the task of helping them shape their manuscripts for submission to her managers for publishing. Although she was extremely proud of the results, none of the authors she worked with were chosen for publication. After learning about her management's decision, she is extremely frustrated and is beginning to resent the job she does. However, she knows there is nothing she can do and continues working because of the good perks and salary benefits the job offers. How can Loranzo's job attitude be best described? high psychological empowerment low job involvement high positivity offset low emotional contagion low job satisfaction
low job satisfaction
Heather, who works as a receptionist at a finance firm in New Jersey, has been dissatisfied with her job for several months now. She finds the job uninteresting because of its monotonous nature where all she needs to do is receive calls. During work hours, she often experiences emotions such as tiredness, weariness, and boredom. Which of the following mood dimensions is she most likely to be experiencing?
low negative affect
Emotions such as relaxation, serenity, and calmness comprise the ________ mood dimension.
low positive affect Low positive affect is a mood dimension consisting of relaxation, tranquility, and poise.
Henry Hutchins is discontent with his job but believes that his supervisor is a good man who will do whatever is necessary to reduce his dissatisfaction with the job. He has decided to just wait and give his supervisor some time until conditions improve. Henry's response to this problem is termed as ________.
loyalty
Henry Hutchins is discontent with his job but believes that his supervisor is a good man who will do whatever is necessary to reduce his dissatisfaction with the job. He has decided to just wait and give his supervisor some time until conditions improve. Henry's response to this problem is termed as ________. neglect voice exit ratification loyalty
loyalty
Which of the following is a type of response to dissatisfaction that is constructive and passive? reflect neglect loyalty voice exit
loyalty
Passive responses
loyalty (constructive) neglect (destructive)
Which of the following is the major challenge for managers in a fully networked organization?
managing people who work together but are geographically separated
Which of the following is an example of an uplifting event according to the affective events theory?
meeting a project milestone
Which of the following is an example of an uplifting event according to the affective events theory? meeting a project milestone being passed over for a promotion colleagues refusing to carry their share of work receiving conflicting directions from different managers receiving a gift from a colleague on a birthday
meeting a project milestone The affective events theory recognizes that emotions are a response to an event in the work environment. This environment creates work events that can be hassles, uplifting events, or both. Uplifting events include meeting a goal, getting support from a colleague, and receiving recognition for an accomplishment. LO: 4.4: Describe affective events theory.
41) Rene Cox works as a media officer in a global forest protection organization. Her job requires her to interact with a large number of people from the press with whom she needs to establish strong professional relationships. This requires her to remember a large number of people's names and the organizations with which they are associated. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability will best help her accomplish this task? A) inductive reasoning B) spatial visualization C) memory D) visual perception E) polymodality
memory
Rene Cox works as a media officer in a global forest protection organization. Her job requires her to interact with a large number of people from the press with whom she needs to establish strong professional relationships. This requires her to remember a large number of people's names and the organizations with which they are associated. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability will best help her accomplish this task? A) inductive reasoning B) spatial visualization C) memory D) visual perception E) polymodality
memory
19) A person who is made fun of because he is an Arab-American is being subjected to ________, a kind of discrimination in work environments. A) mockery B) vandalism C) cyberstalking D) gaslighting E) monomania
mockery
20) Stacy Hanes is an African-American woman who has recently taken her first job and does not seem to like the work environment at all. Her colleagues put down her ideas at team meetings and refer to them as "stupid." In addition, they make fun of her race and often ask her if she is educated enough to work for the company. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is Hanes most likely subject to? A) mockery B) sexual harassment C) stalking D) deception E) subterfuge
mockery
A person who is made fun of because he is an Arab-American is being subjected to ________, a kind of discrimination in work environments.
mockery
An employee who may be made fun of because he is an Arab-American is being subjected to ________, a kind of discrimination in work environments.
mockery and insults
A(n) ________ is an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon.
model
Annette Simpson works for a fashion house in Paris and is preparing for the company's upcoming line of winter clothing. She is currently researching online to know what is in vogue this season. In addition, she is also networking with contacts from the press and fashion magazine editors to understand the changing tastes of consumers. Which of the following roles is Simpson playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles?
monitor
What are Informational Roles? (Minztberg)
monitor, disseminator, spokesperson
Emotions can turn into ________ when one loses focus on the event or object that started the feeling.
moods
A common characteristic of service jobs is that they ________.
need substantial interaction with an organization's customers
Steve Werner is unhappy with his job and takes every possible vacation and sick day to avoid going to work. In addition, whenever he goes to work, he shows up late and skips important meetings. Werner is expressing his dissatisfaction through the ________ response.
neglect
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, which of the following is a kind of decisional role?
negotiator
Which of the following mood dimensions is a pure marker of high negative affect?
nervousness
Christopher Richardson works as a graphic designer in Sydney. He often coordinates with colleagues working in Germany. In addition, he interacts with clients across the globe. Which of the following is most likely to facilitate his communications with clients and colleagues?
networked organization
Which of the following terms best describes organizations that allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart?
networked organizations
According to Fred Luthans and his associates' study of 450 managers, ________ made the largest contribution to the success of managers in terms of speed of promotion within their organization.
networking
Intellectual Abilities
number aptitude verbal comprehension perceptual speed inductive reasoning deductive reasoning spatial visualization memory
Which of the following is the most likely reason why employers should employ older workers? A)they adjust to new technology promptly B)older workers have extensive work experience C)older workers are flexible and learn quickly D)They have shorter tenures and hence lower pension benefits than younger workers
older workers have extensive work experience
By 2020, the 55-and-older age group of the U.S. labor force will represent approximately ________ of the total labor force.
one-quarter
Sally Mitchell works as a manager at an environmental organization. She is currently working on a global warming project and decides which tasks related to creating awareness about the issue need to be done. In addition, she is also deciding which members of her team will work on engaging with the public and which will work on lobbying with the government. She is also assigning people as team members to ensure that tasks are undertaken on time. Which of the following categories of functions is Mitchell undertaking?
organizing
Consciecntiousness
perceive emotions in self and others
Bryan Eusebius has a positive attitude toward his organization. He feels the management treats all employees fairly in matters concerning rewards, is understanding toward their needs and requirements, and allows them to have a voice in decisions. Bryan's attitude toward his organization is indicative of ________. emotional contagion positivity offset cognitive dissonance perceived organizational support self-concordance
perceived organizational support
Jeremy Samuels works in a police department in California. His job often requires him to observe clues that criminals leave behind. His job is to analyze these clues, which helps the department catch the criminal. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does Samuels most likely have? A) spatial visualization B) perceptual speed C) extent flexibility D) dynamic flexibility E) number aptitude
perceptual speed
11) The management at Climate Action Development needs to recruit campaign managers for its Renewable Energy Project. They are looking for candidates who are assertive, extroverted, and who can tackle challenges head-on. Which of the following deep-level characteristics should they focus on to best help them recruit the right candidate for the job? A) race B) age C) ethnicity D) values E) personality
personality
The management at Climate Action Development needs to recruit campaign managers for its Renewable Energy Project. They are looking for candidates who are assertive, extroverted, and who can tackle challenges head-on. Which of the following deep-level characteristics should they focus on to best help them recruit the right candidate for the job? A) race B) age C) ethnicity D) values E) personality
personality
Deep-level diversity traits might include ______________________.
personality
_________ may be referred to as the capacity to undertake tasks that demand stamina dexterity and strength A)cognitive abilities B)intellectual abilities C)mental abilities D)physical abilities E)emotional intelligence
physical abilities
Which of the following is an example of a Sedentary activity that does not play a crucial role in increasing positive mood?
playing video games at home
According to Fred Luthans and his associates, managers who are involved in networking activities are most likely to undertake which of the following?
politicking
________ refers to the tendency of most individuals to experience a mildly positive mood at zero input when nothing in particular is going on. A) Low positive affect B) Positivity offset C) Blunted affect D) Negativity bias E) Residual positivity
positivity offset
A research group in Arizona recently conducted a survey among workers of a coal power plant to understand emotions and their happiness quotient. Employees at the plant often complained about poor working conditions and low insurance benefits. However, the group was surprised with the findings of the survey because employees had a positive mood 70 percent of the time during work hours. Which of the following concepts would best explain such findings?
positivity offset Positivity offset is defined as the tendency of most individuals to experience a mildly positive mood at zero input.
Which of the following is one of the three variables proposed by a basic OB model which refers to actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs?
processes
Austin Reed is a graduate student helping to organize a study on individual job satisfaction. The study focuses on the top five causes of satisfaction or dissatisfaction on the job. His department is surveying 200 individuals in 100 different types of organizations. Austin is most likely a graduate student in the department of ________.
psychology
You are bringing together faculty from different behavioral disciplines to author a new textbook in organizational behavior. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and industrial engineering. Which faculty member is most likely to furnish information about personality, learning, and motivation?
psychology
34) Green Planet, an environmental organization, recently opened an office in Indonesia. The organization is currently looking for employees to staff a deforestation project in the country. They need to recruit individuals who understand the intricacies of Jakarta's culture and the mindset of the locals and are fluent in the local language. Which of the following are they most likely to consider while they recruit for these positions? A) race B) age C) beliefs D) gender E) length of service
race
(video) the most common biases/assumptions are
race, gender and age
emotional stability
regulate emotions
People who have a stressful day at work also have trouble _____ after they get off work.
relaxing.
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to make or approve significant organizational decisions and assign human, physical, and monetary assets.
resource allocator
Top 5 contributors to Job Satisfaction (article)
respectful treatment of all employees at all levels compensation/pay overall benefits overall job security trust between employees and senior management opportunities to use your skills/abilities in your work
People in good moods are more likely than others to use heuristics, or _________, to help make good decisions quickly.
rules of thumbs
Which of the following is an example of deviant workplace behavior? A) sabotaging one's organization's computers B) taking blame for not achieving a deadline C) putting forward one's views in a brainstorming session D) working during the weekend to make up for backlog E) requesting a two-day leave during the Christmas season
sabotaging one's organization's computers People often behave in ways that violate established norms and threaten the organization, its members, or both. Such actions are called workplace deviant behaviors. For instance, an envious employee could backstab another employee, sabotage the organization's computers, negatively distort others' successes, and positively distort his/her own accomplishments.
Which of the following does systematic study use to look at relationships to attribute causes and effects?
scientific data
14) April's colleague Nathan has consistently pestered her to go out on a date with him. Though she has refused his offer several times, he keeps persisting. She found an envelope on her desk from Nathan with inappropriate pictures and cartoons, which left her infuriated. She now intends to go discuss the matter with the human resource department of her company. Which of the following forms of discrimination is April most likely to cite? A) sexual harassment B) cyberstalking C) mobbing D) exclusion E) electronic harassment
sexual harassment
April's colleague Nathan has consistently pestered her to go out on a date with him. Though she has refused his offer several times, he keeps persisting. She found an envelope on her desk from Nathan with inappropriate pictures and cartoons, which left her infuriated. She now intends to go discuss the matter with the human resource department of her company. Which of the following forms of discrimination is April most likely to cite? A) sexual harassment B) cyberstalking C) mobbing D) exclusion E) electronic harassment
sexual harassment
Which of the following disciplines blends concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on people's influence on one another?
social psychology
Which of the following fields of study is most likely to involve studying organizational culture, formal organization theory, and structure?
sociology
The role of a(n) ________, according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, is to transmit information to outsiders about an organization's plans, policies, actions, and results and to serve as an expert in the organization's industry.
spokesperson
The role of a(n)_______, according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, is to transmit information to outsiders about an organization's plans, policies, actions, and results and to serve as an expert in the organization's industry.
spokesperson
The physical ability that allows a body to continue maximum effort at maintaining prolonged effort over time is know as ______ A)stamina B)extent flexibility C)static strength D)body coordination E)balance
stamina
_______ refers to the ability to exert force against external objects A)body coordination B)dynamic flexibility C)static strength D)extent flexibility E)cognitive ability
static flexibility
An example of an input at an organizational level is ________.
structure
Which of the following terms refers to the practice of hiding inner feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules?
surface acting
Analyzing relationships, determining causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence, all constitute aspects of ________ study.
systematic
In order to predict human behavior, it is best to supplement intuitive opinions with information derived from ________.
systematic study
In order to predict human behavior, it is best to supplement your intuitive opinions with information derived in what fashion?
systematic study
(video) when networking you need to get people...
talking
emotional intelligence
the ability to detect and to manage emotional cues and information
The bookselling industry was revolutionized by ________.
the availability of Big Data
emotional contagion
the process by which peoples emotions are caused by the emotions of others
Which of the following is true with respect to biographical characteristics? A)they are non-objective in nature and cannot be observed B)they represent characteristics such as personality and work ethics C)they cannot be obtained from personnel records D)they are representative of surface-level diversity E)they compromise features such as motivation and commitment
they are representative of surface-level diversity
(video) one 'rule' of networking is...
to give more than you get
The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework expands employee response to include voice and loyalty-constructive behaviors that allow individuals to ________. revolt against the management decrease emotional contagion tolerate unpleasant situations or revive satisfactory working conditions reject unionization and focus on team-building activities identify psychologically with their jobs
tolerate unpleasant situations or revive satisfactory working conditions
59) Over the past 50 years, the earnings gap between whites and other racial and ethnic groups has decreased significantly.
true
62) Differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, and disability, give rise to surface-level diversity.
true
64) Effective diversity management involves eliminating unfair discrimination.
true
65) Women being passed over for promotion even when they are performing better than men is an example of a discriminatory practice.
true
66) Denying overseas assignments to certain deserving employees over others is a form of exclusion, a kind of workplace discrimination.
true
69) In general, older employees have lower rates of avoidable absence than do younger employees. However, they have equal rates of unavoidable absence, such as sickness absences.
true
73) Hispanics can be of any race.
true
79) The structures and measures of intellectual abilities generalize across cultures.
true
81) Inductive reasoning is the ability to identify a logical sequence in a problem and then solve the problem.
true
84) Physical abilities may be defined as the capacity to do tasks that demand stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics.
true
86) A method of enhancing workforce diversity is to target recruiting messages to specific demographic groups who are underrepresented in the workforce.
true
88) A diversity program effective in improving representation in management is a strategy to measure the representation of minorities in managerial positions.
true
89) Improving recruiting practices and making selection systems more transparent are ways of preventing target groups from being underutilized.
true
deep action
trying to modify one's true inner feelings based on display rules
Job dissatisfaction is more likely to translate into ________ when employees feel or perceive they have many available alternatives and when employees have high human capital.
turnover
cognitive
understand the meaning of emotions
9) A difference in ________ would indicate deep-level diversity. A) gender B) age C) ethnicity D) disability E) values
values
A difference in ________ would indicate deep-level diversity. A) gender B) age C) ethnicity D) disability E) values
values
Deep-level diversity focuses on __________.
values
Which of the following is an example of an input at an individual level?
values
Audrey Smith is a renowned psychiatrist in New Jersey. While interacting with patients, she needs to understand their points of view by listening intently to what they say. It is important that she understands their problems so that she can offer advice. In such a situation, Smith is using the ________ dimension of intellectual ability.
verbal comprehension
Audrey Smith is a renowned psychiatrist in New Jersey. While interacting with patients, she needs to understand their points of view by listening intently to what they say. It is important that she understands their problems so that she can offer advice. In such a situation, Smith is using the ________ dimension of intellectual ability. A) number aptitude B) perpetual speed C) spatial visualization D) verbal comprehension E) lateral thinking
verbal comprehension
Attending union meetings as a way of coping with job dissatisfaction is an example of a(n) ________ response
voice
Susan Daniels works for an event management company and is discontent with her job because she was passed over for a promotion. She has now composed a list of concerns and plans to discuss the issue with her supervisor. Daniels' response to the problem is referred to as ________. voice acceptance loyalty exit neglect
voice
Active responses
voice (constructive) exit (destructive)
(video) 75% of people get a job because of...
who they know
People often behave in ways that violate established norms and threaten the organization, its members, or both. Such actions are called ________.
workplace deviant behaviors
Thurman Inc., a manufacturing company in Vermont, needs to hire employees for its new office in the city. The positions require the employees to travel across the country regularly. The management has specified that they are looking for employees below the age of 40 who are young and dynamic. Which of the following beliefs is the management most likely to hold? A) Younger workers make stronger judgments. B) Younger workers are more flexible to change. C) Younger workers have more experience. D) Younger workers have stronger work ethics. E) Younger workers are more committed to quality.
younger workers are more flexible to change
__________ is defined as a biological heritage people use to identify themselves, whereas __________ is the additional set of cultural characteristics that often overlaps with race.
Race; ethnicity
Which of the following is the best example of mockery as a tool of discriminatory treatment in organizations?
Rifka's supervisor often stereotypes Rifka because of her ethnic heritage and makes jokes about her ethnicity.
27) Research has indicated that people in a ________ mood are better able to ________. A) good; deal with others B) good; discern the truth about others C) bland; discern the truth about others D) bad; discern the truth about others E) bad; deal with others
D
36) Which of the following is not an example of emotional emotions? A) sympathy for the suffering of others B) guilt about our own immoral behavior C) disgust at violations of moral norms D) perturbation toward those acting altruistically E) anger about injustice done to others
D
42) What effect do stressful events typically have on mood? A) short term positive B) long term positive C) short term positive but long term negative D) negative E) positive
D
43) Which of the following activities is most strongly associated with an increase in positive mood? A) watching TV B) playing videogames C) reading a book D) going to a party E) surfing the Internet
D
46) Which of the following statements is true about the difference between men and women when it comes to emotional reactions? A) Men are more emotionally expressive than women. B) Men experience emotions more intensely than women. C) Women express anger more frequently than men. D) Women tend to "hold onto" emotions longer than men. E) Men display positive emotions more frequently than women.
D
5) Julia works as a receptionist in a real estate company. One morning her boss comes in the door and yells at her, telling her that the front office is a mess and that she needs to get up and clean it immediately. After her boss leaves the room, Julia grabs three magazines and violently slams them into the trash can. Which of the following best describes Julia's anger? A) an affect B) a thought C) a mood D) an emotion E) a mental process
D
58) Which of the following is an example of deep acting? A) Sonora smiles at her cubicle neighbor when she walks by even though his behavior annoys her. B) Andy tells his employee that he isn't doing a good job and that he needs to shape up. C) Liz is worried about her sick dog, but makes her morning sales calls with a smile. D) David invites a co-worker that he doesn't like to lunch, in the hope of getting to know him better. E) Javier is angry at his boss so he calls in sick on Friday, the day the project is due, to get back at him.
D
59) Ismael spent the morning in the field making sales calls. He called on four prospective clients and they all declined to purchase his company's product. Ismael returned to the office stressed and exhausted. He has an hour and a half for lunch before he has to make a large sales presentation to a current client, which Ismael hopes will expand his account. Which of the following is most likely to be the best way for Ismael to spend his lunch hour? A) He should prepare his sales pitch data and graphics on the computer. B) He should practice his sales pitch orally with a co-worker. C) He should go through the past sales orders placed by this client in order to better understand her requirements. D) He should rest and relax before the presentation. E) He should ask his boss to help him prepare the presentation.
D
63) Surface acting deals with ________ emotions. A) negative B) weak C) strong D) displayed E) felt
D
65) Which of the following statements is true regarding deep acting? A) Deep acting is hiding inner feelings and forgoing emotional expressions in response to display rules. B) A worker who smiles at a customer even when he doesn't feel like it is deep acting. C) Deep acting deals with displayed emotions as opposed to surface acting. D) A health care provider trying to genuinely feel more empathy for her patients is deep acting. E) Research shows surface acting is less stressful to employees than deep acting.
D
76) Julia is highly aware of her own and other's emotions. She is good at reading emotional cues and knows how to express her emotions without violating organizational norms. This information indicates that Julia has ________. A) low cognitive dissonance B) low self-esteem C) low emotional dissonance D) high emotional intelligence E) high job satisfaction
D
77) Some researchers doubt the existence of emotional intelligence (EI). Which of the following is an argument they use against it? A) EI assumes that decisions made emotively are superior to those made dispassionately. B) EI is not related to personality or intelligence. C) The tests used to measure EI are too simplistic in what they define as right and wrong answers. D) The concept of EI is so broad and variegated as to render it effectively meaningless. E) People with high EI appear to be high performers in the eyes of others rather than in reality.
D
82) Amber and Emmet were recently hired by a marketing agency. While Amber is typically in a good mood always, Emmet appears to be depressed most of the time. Based on this information, what would you expect from Amber? A) She will take a great deal of time trying to make a good decision. B) She will have poor problem-solving skills. C) She will not be very creative when making decisions. D) She will find better solutions to problems. E) She will make poor decisions.
D
90) Judy has been having a very difficult time at work. Her supervisor is constantly making her work long hours and is usually very critical of her behavior. This constant negativity is taking a toll on Judy and she is starting to experience hatred toward her job. According to the theory of emotional regulation, Judy needs to do which of the following to control her spiraling emotions? A) Drink...a little alcohol count help her chill out. B) Exercise...get some endorphins going. C) Dance...a hobby is always a good diversion. D) Vent...letting it out clears the soul. E) Curse...a few choice words will help.
D
97) Which of the following statements is true regarding people's interpretation of emotions across cultures? A) People's interpretation of emotions varies greatly across cultures. B) Some cultures do not desire love and happiness and interpret these emotions to be destructive. C) Western individualistic cultures such as the United States view pride as undesirable. D) Pride is generally a negative emotion in Eastern cultures such as China and Japan. E) In China, people report experiencing more positive and negative emotions than people in other cultures, and the emotions they experience are more intense.
D
16) Which of the following mood dimensions is a pure marker of high negative affect? A) depression B) stress C) fatigue D) boredom E) nervousness
E
18) What is positivity offset? A) having misperceptions of one's environment B) experiencing self-elation C) experiencing the fundamental attribution error D) exhibiting a self-serving bias when there is negative input E) experiencing a mildly positive mood at zero input
E
19) A researcher finds that people who work in a fish processing plant, doing work that most people find extremely unpleasant, still have a positive mood about 60 percent of the time. Which of the following concepts can explain such a finding? A) bandwagon effect B) framing effect C) the fundamental attribution error D) self-serving bias E) positivity offset
E
20) Emotions are ________. A) independent of the personality of individuals B) strongly affected by weather C) less intense as compared to moods D) less likely to be caused by a specific event than moods E) critical to rational thinking
E
25) People feeling different emotions after being subjected to identical emotion-provoking stimuli is a result of ________. A) cognitive dissonance B) positivity offset C) emotional dissonance D) emotional labor E) personality
E
3) Kathryn expresses her anger against her supervisor for denying her a well-deserved promotion. Which of the following terms best describes the intense feelings that she directs at him? A) affect B) cognition C) moods D) emotional labor E) emotions
E
37) Ben is prone to experiencing emotions in a much stronger manner than most other people. Events that don't provoke any significant emotional response in the average person often send him into fits of happiness, anger, or depression. Ben has a high level of ________. A) emotional dissonance B) negative affect C) emotional intelligence D) positive affect E) affect intensity
E
39) Research suggests which of the following relationships exists between the weather and mood? A) moderately positive effect B) moderately negative effect C) strong positive effect D) strong negative effect E) limited or little effect
E
40) Gerardo believes that every time he picks up a penny he is blessed with good fortune, due to the fact that the last time he picked up a penny he had a lottery win, and the time before that he got a big bonus at work. Gerardo's perception is likely a product of a(n) ________. A) affect intensity B) high-positive affect C) emotional dimension D) self-serving bias E) illusory correlation
E
41) Jo has a job interview. Which of the following will have the least effect on her feelings on the day of the interview? A) sleep quality that Jo had the night before B) the amount Jo exercised on that day C) Jo's age D) Jo's gender E) the weather on the day of the interview
E
69) Diane Marshall is an office manager. Her awareness of her own and others' emotions is almost nil. She's moody and unable to generate much enthusiasm or interest in her employees. She doesn't understand why employees get upset with her. She often overreacts to problems and chooses the most ineffectual responses to emotional situations. Diane has ________. A) high self-serving bias B) low emotional dissonance C) low confirmation bias D) high cognitive dissonance E) low emotional intelligence
E
70) Rahael's team was recently responsible for missing a major sales goal. According to the affective events theory, which of the following is most likely to occur? A) Rahael will become discouraged but will keep working harder for next time. B) Rahael will become discouraged and will start to dislike her job. C) Raheal will become more motivated but will start to dislike her job. D) Rahael will become more motivated and will keep working harder for next time. E) Rahael might react as stated in both A and D.
E
81) Francine heads an ad agency and works with copywriters, artists, and designers to come up with effective branding solutions for new products. Why is it particularly important for Francine to keep her team happy? A) People are more conscientious when they are in a good mood. B) People tend to weigh all possible options rather than the most likely ones when they are in a good mood. C) People are less likely to use rules of thumb when they are in a good mood. D) People tend to search for perfect solutions when they are in a good mood. E) People are more creative when they are in a good mood.
E
83) Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of moods and emotions on decision making? A) OB researchers are increasingly finding that moods and emotions do not affect decision making. B) People in good moods or experiencing positive emotions are less likely than others to use heuristics, or rules of thumb. C) Positive emotions tend to diminish problem-solving skills. D) Evidence suggests that depressed people make better decisions. E) Depressed people tend to weigh all possible options rather than the most likely ones.
E
9) Which of the following statements is true regarding moods? A) Moods are more intense feelings than emotions. B) Moods don't last longer than emotions. C) Moods are more action oriented in nature, as compared to emotions. D) Moods are less cognitive in nature than emotions. E) Moods are generally not indicated by distinct facial expressions.
E
96) Theresa is the manager of a production unit. Which of the following methods would likely be of the least use to improve her employees' moods? A) use humor B) give employees tokens of appreciation for work they do well C) hire positive employees D) be in a good mood herself E) arrange for employees to see funny videos at work
E
87) Elvira wants to hire three new customer service representatives. She is considering using a measure of EI to help select her new employees. Explain what EI is and how it could be useful for Elvira for the jobs that she's hiring for, and the reasons why she should not depend entirely on the EI measures for her selection.
Emotional intelligence (EI) is a person's ability to (1) be self-aware (to recognize her own emotions when she experiences them), (2) detect emotions in others, and (3) manage emotional cues and information. People who know their own emotions and are good at reading emotion cues, for instance, knowing why they're angry and how to express themselves without violating norms, are most likely to be effective. One implication from the evidence on EI to date is that employers should consider it a factor in hiring employees, especially in jobs that demand a high degree of social interaction. Elvira is hiring for customer service, which requires a great deal of social interaction. Elvira should also consider that EI is hard to measure and is very vaguely defined so she should not entirely depend on EI measures for her selection.
50) Displayed emotions are innate.
FALSE
52) Surface acting deals with felt emotions rather than displayed emotions.
FALSE
53) Deep acting is hiding inner feelings by modifying facial expressions.
FALSE
86) Emotional intelligence can be measured easily with the help of standard tests.
FALSE
92) People in good moods or experiencing positive emotions are less likely than others to use heuristics, or rules of thumb.
FALSE
100) Discuss the emotional labor experienced by a customer service executive. Explain how a worker's emotional state can affect customer service and customers.
Most jobs require emotional labor, an employee's expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work. A worker's emotional state influences customer service, which influences levels of repeat business and levels of customer satisfaction.
2) Which of the following statements is true regarding emotions? A) Emotions are caused by specific events. B) Emotions last longer than moods. C) Moods are more action oriented in nature than emotions. D) Emotions are generally not indicated by distinct facial expressions. E) Emotions are less intense feelings than moods.
A
56) If an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions (irrespective of his true emotions), then it is known as ________. A) emotional labor B) negative affect C) positive affect D) emotional intelligence E) deviant behavior
A
57) ________ are the emotions that an individual is actually experiencing, despite what they might display. A) Felt emotions B) Displayed emotions C) Conditional emotions D) Surface emotions E) Disseminative emotions
A
61) What do you call the practice of hiding inner feelings by modifying facial expressions? A) surface acting B) deep acting C) emotional intelligence D) affective camouflage E) confirmation bias
A
64) Which of the following statements is true regarding surface acting? A) Surface acting is hiding inner feelings and forgoing emotional expressions in response to display rules. B) A health care provider trying to genuinely feel more empathy for her patients is surface acting. C) Research shows surface acting is less stressful to employees than deep acting. D) Surface acting deals with felt emotions as opposed to deep acting which deals with displayed emotions. E) Surface acting is trying to modify our true inner feelings based on display rules.
A
72) ________ indicates a person's ability to be self-aware, detect emotions in others, and manage emotional cues and information. A) Emotional intelligence B) Emotional dissonance C) Confirmation bias D) Cognitive distortion E) Cognitive dissonance
A
80) One implication from the evidence on EI to date is that employers should consider it a factor in hiring employees, especially in jobs that demand ________. A) a high degree of social interaction B) good analytical skills C) the ability to work independently D) good critical thinking skills E) good mathematical skills
A
84) The corporate office has determined that the company vision needs to be amended. What should corporate leaders do to increase the likelihood that employees will accept this change? A) arouse emotions and link them to an appealing vision B) demonstrate how the vision will better company profits C) evoke empathy for the CEO D) negotiate with them and express anger E) motivate employees by putting them in a good mood
A
88) Barry is angry at losing his job. In order to regulate his emotions, he can do all of the following except ________. A) focus on the problem at hand B) think about pleasant things C) distract himself D) engage in relaxation techniques E) suppress negative thoughts
A
89) Which of the following can be said to be true of emotion regulation? A) It takes effort to modify one's feelings. B) It is easily achieved. C) It results in long-term positive emotions. D) It helps in building self-esteem. E) It has no negative effects.
A
93) Which of the following statements is true regarding negotiation? A) A lack of emotion improves performance during negotiation. B) Feeling bad about your performance in a negotiation is likely to improve future performance. C) Displaying negative emotions, such as anger, is ineffective. D) Feeling bad about your performance appears to improve future negotiations. E) A negative emotional state enhances performance.
A
94) Henry is upset because his boss recently reprimanded him for missing a deadline. The boss put Henry on a probation period, causing him to lose his two days a week telecommuting privilege. Henry now has to work at the office five days a week. Which of the following is most likely to result from Henry's negative attitude due to the reprimand? A) deviant workplace behavior B) emotional contagion C) cognitive dissonance D) positivity offset E) distinction bias
A
34) Research has been conflicted on the role that emotions play in the workplace, especially in relation to irrational and ethical behavior. Select one of these two areas and discuss the role of emotions in these behaviors.
Answers will vary.
10) ________ is an emotion that falls into the category of high positive affect. A) Serenity B) Elation C) Fatigue D) Boredom E) Relaxation
B
12) Negative affect is a mood dimension consisting of ________ at the low end. A) nervousness B) relaxation C) anxiety D) stress E) depression
B
13) A ________ means that when nothing is going on, people are generally in a mildly good mood. A) low positive affect B) positivity offset C) high positive affect D) residual positivity E) high negative affect
B
26) Which of the following is the term used for the strength with which individuals experience emotion? A) emotional dissonance B) affect intensity C) emotional labor D) positivity offset E) emotional intelligence
B
38) On which day of the week does negative affect tend to be the highest? A) Sundays B) Mondays C) Tuesdays D) Wednesdays E) Thursdays
B
44) Carlos is upset because his boss gave him work to finish over the weekend. It is Friday. Which of the following will least help Carlos lift his spirits? A) going skiing with friends B) playing videogames with his friends C) going out to dinner with his friends D) going to a party at his friend's house E) having his card club over for dinner at his house
B
45) Which of the following statements is true regarding the sources of moods and emotions? A) Moods and emotions are independent of the personality of the individuals. B) Sleep quality affects mood. C) The weather strongly affects moods. D) As we grow older, we experience more negative emotions. E) People tend to be in their best moods on Sundays.
B
47) Andy, Ben, Liza, Ted, and Jim are online customer service representatives. They have all been reprimanded by their boss. Andy is 24 years old. Ben is 46 years old. Liza is 45 years old. Ted is 26 years old. Jim is 35 years old. Who is least likely to be upset by the reprimand? A) Andy B) Ben C) Liza D) Ted E) Jim
B
60) What term is used for those emotions that an organization requires workers to show and considers appropriate in a given job? A) felt emotions B) displayed emotions C) conditional emotions D) required emotions E) mandated emotions
B
62) What do you call the practice of modifying one's true inner feelings based on display rules? A) surface acting B) deep acting C) emotional intelligence D) affective camouflage E) confirmation bias
B
71) People who score ________ on emotional stability are more likely to react strongly to ________ events. A) low; positive B) low; negative C) average; positive D) average; negative E) high; negative
B
75) Emotional intelligence (EI) is a concept that ________. A) can be measured easily B) is moderately correlated with job performance C) is not related to personality and intelligence D) indicates mathematical aptitude of an individual E) is not genetically influenced
B
79) Studies show that people who are depressed tend to make poorer decisions than those with a more positive outlook. Why is this thought to be the case? A) They tend to choose an outcome that will confirm their negative world view. B) They search for the perfect solution when rarely is any solution perfect. C) They are more likely than others to use heuristics, or rules of thumb while making decisions. D) They avoid stereotyping and other behaviors that allow them to come to a rapid decision. E) They tend to put too great a value on their own ability to affect outcomes.
B
8) When Ariana is told that her dog has been killed by a car, her eyes widen in disbelief and tears begin to stream down her face. Later that day she is able to laugh and talk about the fun times she had with her dog. What is one of the reasons that Ariana's reaction can be categorized as an emotion? A) It is a general, unambiguous feeling. B) It is accompanied by facial expressions. C) It has a lengthy duration. D) It is a positive feeling. E) Her reaction is cognitive in nature.
B
91) People who are ________ are less likely to be able to ________ their emotions. A) narcissistic; suppress B) neurotic; control C) happy; control D) sad; suppress E) confident; change
B
98) Which of the following statements is true regarding the degree to which people experience emotions across cultures? A) The degree to which people experience emotions is independent of culture. B) People in China report experiencing fewer positive and negative emotions as compared to people in other cultures. C) Western cultures experience more negative emotions and fewer positive emotions than Eastern cultures. D) The emotions experienced by people in China are more intense as compared to emotions experienced by people in other cultures. E) Eastern cultures like China view emotions like pride more positively than Western individualistic cultures such as the United States.
B
11) ________ is a pure marker of low positive affect. A) Stress B) Relaxation C) Boredom D) Tranquility E) Anxiety
C
17) ________ is a pure marker of low negative affect. A) Boredom B) Nervous C) Relaxed D) Excited E) Serenity
C
4) Which of the following terms best describes feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions? A) affect B) cognition C) moods D) thoughts E) reactions
C
6) Erin works at a software company, in charge of the help desk. After being yelled at by a customer about the state of her company's software, she becomes angry, and has to take a short break to calm down. What makes her anger an emotion, rather than a mood? A) It is a simple, unambiguous feeling. B) Her response is prolonged. C) It has a contextual stimulus. D) Her response is not accompanied by facial expressions. E) It is cognitive in nature. 7) When the team he supports wins the World Cup, Robert feels a surge of joy, which turns into a feeling of satisfaction that lasts for days. What is one of the reasons that the feeling of satisfaction might be categorized as a mood and not an emotion? A) It is a very strong feeling. B) It is brought about by a specific event. C) It has a lengthy duration. D) It is a positive feeling. E) It is expressed on his face.
C
73) Which of the following statements is true regarding emotional intelligence (EI)? A) Evidence suggests that a person's performance on the job is independent of her EI. B) Evidence suggests that EI is not genetically influenced. C) EI is related to a person's ability to detect emotions in others. D) EI can be measured easily. E) EI is a simple, straightforward concept.
C
74) Which of the following is a correct argument in favor of emotional intelligence (EI)? A) EI accurately indicates linguistic abilities of a person. B) EI is a simple and straightforward concept. C) The concept of EI has a biological base. D) EI can be measured easily. E) The concept of EI is different from intelligence and personality.
C
95) Evidence suggests people who feel negative emotions, particularly ________ or hostility, are more likely than others to engage in deviant behavior at work. A) nervousness B) tension C) anger D) stress E) depression
C
29) Emotions are critical to rational thinking.
TRUE
30) Stress typically has a negative effect on mood.
TRUE
32) Men generally express anger more frequently than do women.
TRUE
48) If an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions, the employee is performing emotional labor.
TRUE
49) Emotions that are organizationally required and considered appropriate in a given job are termed displayed emotions.
TRUE
51) Research shows surface acting is more stressful to employees than deep acting.
TRUE
66) Evidence indicates that EI is genetically influenced.
TRUE
85) Studies indicate that emotional intelligence is moderately correlated with job performance.
TRUE
99) Positive emotions enhance problem-solving skills.
TRUE
55) Discuss whether there are gender differences regarding emotions.
The common belief is that women are more emotional than are men. Is there any truth to this? The evidence does confirm that women are more emotionally expressive than are men; they experience emotions more intensely; they tend to "hold onto" emotions longer than men, and they display more frequent expressions of both positive and negative emotions, except anger. Although there may be innate differences between the genders, research suggests that emotional differences also are due to the different ways men and women have been socialized. Men are taught to be tough and brave. Showing emotion is inconsistent with this image. Women, in contrast, are socialized to be nurturing. For instance, women are expected to express more positive emotions on the job (shown by smiling) than men, and they do. Evidence from a study of participants from 37 different countries found that men consistently report higher levels of powerful emotions like anger, whereas women report more powerless emotions like sadness and fear.
54) At what time of day are people in the best mood? Describe how mood changes throughout the day.
We often think that people differ, depending on whether they are "morning" or "evening" people. However, the vast majority of us follow the same pattern. Regardless of what time people go to bed at night or get up in the morning, levels of positive affect tend to peak around the halfway point between waking and sleeping. Negative affect, however, shows little fluctuation throughout the day. This basic pattern seems to hold whether people describe themselves as morning people or evening people.
24) Jack's department has three employees that are Chinese nationals. Keeping in mind that in China, negative emotions are viewed positively and pride is viewed negatively, how might Jack need to change his leadership and motivation methods with these three employees?
With his three Chinese employees Jack would probably benefit from a more serious, stern, respectful attitude, rather than a smiling, friendly, and positive attitude. Many motivational tools, such as small public recognition awards, would be embarrassing or even insulting for the Chinese employees, as they consider pride to be negative. Jack would benefit by rewarding them privately, or with small bonuses or lunches out.
67) What is the difference between felt emotions and displayed emotions?
You can better understand emotions if you separate them into felt versus displayed. Felt emotions are an individual's actual emotions. In contrast, displayed emotions are those that are organizationally required and considered appropriate in a given job. The key point here is that felt and displayed emotions are often different.
68) Zach is a pharmaceutical sales representative and must put on a smile every day at work with his clients. Discuss the emotional labor experienced by Zach. Explain the significance of emotional intelligence demanded of Zach in order to be successful, and how he applies his emotions and moods in his job.
Zach has to engage in surface acting on a daily basis. He has to smile and act positive regardless of his felt emotions in order to be successful. Certainly there will be times when Zach has emotional dissonance, or feels a disparity between his true emotions and how he must appear to his clients. Zach's job would require a fair amount of rest and relaxation for him to continue to be successful. Zach uses his emotions and moods positively to guide his clients into making quick decisions in the purchase of his products. People in good moods tend to make quicker decisions. Zach also applies his moods to stay motivated, to walk out the door into the field every day. Each sale is a tiny negotiation and Zach must have a bit of a poker face, not letting the client know the true impact of the sale on his life. Finally, Zach applies his moods and positive emotions to provide excellent customer service to his clients. He spreads his good mood through emotional contagion and is able to get his customers to make larger orders and remain loyal to him in the competitive pharmaceutical industry.
