Bus 200 Chapter 9

All but which of the following is a benefit of creative destruction in methods of production? Answers: a. Workers in old technology are made redundant b. Reduction in the time it takes to make products c. Fall in prices for consumers d. An increase in output

A

All but which one of the following helps a country to utilize the technology of foreign investors? Answers: a. A policy of attracting only low-skilled manufacturing b. A skilled workforce c. IP laws d. Availability of funding

A

Business methods patents have been popular in which country? Answers: a. The US b. China c. The UK d. Japan

A

For a developing country, economic development requires which of the following? Answers: a. Technology that will aid catch-up with developed economies b. FDI c. Large grants of money from the government d. High-tech technological innovation

A

How does an invention differ from an innovation? Answers: a. The invention must represent a significant step forward in scientific knowledge. b. The invention is a less radical form of innovation. c. The invention must be a new product. d. The invention is a product of R&D.

A

In what way can the digital era be said to have promoted empowerment of people? Answers: a. Giving ordinary people access to knowledge from open sources b. Giving governments the ability to collect personal data c. Giving companies the means to collect personal data d. Giving governments the power to censor the internet

A

Poor developing countries are critical of the TRIPS agreement for all but which one of the following reasons? Answers: a. It provides too little protection for patentholders. b. It favours large multinationals that own the most patents. c. It makes healthcare more expensive. d. It puts agriculture at risk because of seed patents owned by private-sector companies.

A

Schumpeter felt large firms were not necessarily the best innovators because... Answers: a. They become bureaucratic and less innovative. b. They focus more on markets than on innovation. c. They have small R&D budgets. d. They hire too few R&D specialists.

A

The numbers of international students have grown, and students from which of the following countries are growing rapidly? Answers: a. China and India b. South Korea c. the US d. Japan

A

Why do governments introduce laws to protect intellectual property? Answers: a. To provide an incentive to inventors b. To promote national innovation goals c. To encourage start-ups d. To benefit large companies with large R&D budgets

A

All but which one of the following helps to explain why science-based innovation flourishes in society? Answers: a. Demand from consumers for new products b. Little demand in the society for new ways of doing things c. High levels of scientific education d. Entrepreneurs interested in exploiting new ideas

B

All but which one of the following is a spillover effect from technology transfer to the host country? Answers: a. Links with domestic suppliers in the host country b. Links with affiliate companies in the investor's home country c. Further investments by the investor in the host country d. Employment of local skilled staff

B

All but which one of the following would be classified as an 'innovation'? Answers: a. A new way of organizing an assembly line b. A new executive team to run the company c. A new way of communicating with customers d. A new marketing tool

B

In what circumstances can FDI can contribute most to sustainable economic development? Answers: a. When the host country has a large supply of low-cost labour b. When the host country is able to benefit from technological diffusion c. When the foreign investor relies only on older technology in the host country d. When the host country provides large incentives such as tax breaks to foreign investors

B

Spending on R&D as a percentage of GDP is highest in which of the following countries? Answers: a. the US b. South Korea c. Japan d. China

B

The new European unitary patent will offer which of the following benefits? Answers: a. A low-cost route to obtaining a patent b. A single patent that is valid in member states c. A longer-lasting patent d. A bundle of individual patents for relevant EU countries

B

Which of the following countries has been most successful in linking educational attainment with high levels of technological innovation? Answers: a. China b. South Korea c. The UK d. Japan

B

The patentholder can do all but which one of the following? Answers: a. Launch action against counterfeiters b. License others to utilize the patent c. Sell the patent d. Maintain the price of the patented product in numerous markets

D

To obtain a patent, the applicant must meet all but which one of the following requirements? Answers: a. The product must be new. b. The product must have a useful or applied dimension. c. The idea must be a product rather than a process. d. The idea must not be a scientific discovery.

C

Which country is the world leader in patent applications per unit of GDP? Answers: a. Japan b. the US c. South Korea d. China

C

All but which of the following is an advantage of the small start-up in technological innovation? Answers: a. Tech start-ups often grow quickly. b. Start-ups are more flexible than large organizations. c. Start-ups often attract highly motivated people. d. Start-ups often have difficulties obtaining funding.

D

All but which one of the following helps to explain why the large tech companies such as Facebook are viewed as a risk to goals of sustainability? Answers: a. Because they are essentially focused on profits rather than social responsibility b. Because they misuse personal data c. Because they have monopolistic powers d. Because they are active in many countries

D

Disruptive innovation associated with digital platforms such as Uber has become controversial for all but which one of the following reasons? Answers: a. Their treatment of workers is problematic. b. They take an aggressive approach in new markets. c. They encounter regulatory hurdles. d. Their cost savings are welcomed by consumers.

D

In what way can industrialization be attuned to sustainability goals? Answers: a. By focusing on automation b. By concentrating on economic growth c. By promoting manufacturing industries that employ large numbers of workers d. By taking environmental and social criteria into account

D

The dramatic rise in internet use is due to which of the following? Answers: a. Government policies of promoting globalization b. Declines in education c. Economic growth in developed countries d. Growth of mobile broadband

D

What is 'evergreening' in relation to pharmaceutical patents? Answers: a. The policy of allowing patented medicines to be purchased over the counter rather than by prescription b. The continued marketing of a patented medicine after its patent has expired c. The continued use of a patented medicine throughout the period of its patent d. The development of a new version of an existing patented medicine

D