Business Ethics (Chapter 1&2)
John T. Adams
"There are two educations. One should teach us HOW TO MAKE A LIVING and the other HOW TO LIVE."
Deductive and Inductive Reasoning.
2 Kinds of Reasoning
Aesthetics
Aims to establish the general principles of art and beauty. Study of beauty of art.
Speculative Philosophy
Another Term for Theoretical
Philosophy
As science, philosophy is interested with the meaning of reality.
Superego
Basically reflects social rules and values of the society that govern our behavior (also the conscience).
Metaphysics
Came from the Greek words - meta (beyond) and physikon (nature)
Psychology
Came from the Greek words - psyche meaning soul and logos meaning science or study.
Semantics
Came from the Greek words - sema meaning sign or mark.
Epistemology
Comes from the word episteme meaning knowledge.
Metaethics
Concerned with analysis of the meaning of words and logic of moral reasoning.
Epistemology
Concerned with the definition of knowledge and related concepts, the sources and criteria of knowledge.
Descriptive Ethics
Consists of studying the morality of a people, culture, or society. Makes comparison on the different code of ethics of people. Serves as the foundation of normative ethics and provides a standard of the morality.
Ontology
Deals with the nature of existence of things and the status of reality. Reffered as the theory of being.
Logic
Deals with the nature of thinking and reasoning using empirical support to establish the truth.
Plato: Reason
Freud: Ego
Plato: Desire for Pleasure
Freud: Id
Plato: Will
Freud: Superego
Axiology
From the Greek words axios meaning worthy, and logos, meaning study.
Theodicy
Investigates the nature, being and the attributes of God not based on the Bible and divine revelation but by logical abstractions and reasoning.
Normative Ethics
Involves moral judgement based on ethical norm or theory.
Ethics
Is a practical science that guides us in our actions that we may live rightly and well.
Moral Reasoning
Is a process in which ethical issues and problems are benchmarked against moral standard so that a moral judgement is made possible.
Business Ethics
Is a study of perceptions about morality, moral norms, and ethical principles as they apply to people and institutions in business.
Business
Is an activity that is part of human society.
Business Ethics
Is the evaluation and ethical standards that managers and decision makers use in resolving moral issues and ethical dilemmas affecting business.
Ethics
Is the science of human acts with reference to right and wrong.
Ethics
Is the science which lays down principles of right living.
Ethics
Is the scientific inquiry into the principles of morality.
Business Ethics
Is the study of what is right and wrong human behavior and conduct in business.
Id
It is the rational part in us or the unconscious instincts.
Ego
It is the rational self or the conscious self. It is the constant pressure to fight off the pleasure-seeking id; reality of the environment; and the moral dictates of the superego.
Ethics
It is used to refer to the formal study of those standards and conduct.
Theodicy
Known as rational theology. Came from the Greek words - theos meaning God and dike, meaning justice.
Ethics
Latin word is Most (or mores)
Philosophy
Means love of wisdom.
Axiology
Means the study of the philosophy or system of value judgements or worthiness.
Philosophy
Metaphysical science that studies the ultimate causes or explanation of things attained by the use of human reason alone.
Example of Descriptive Ethics
Psychological Egoism (The study of human motivation) and Cultural Relativism (describes how people, when grouped and observed in their own cultural realities, actually differ in their behavior.)
Inductive Reasoning
Reasoning from particular to universal or general principles.
Deductive Reasoning
Reasoning from universal truth to particular.
Morality
Refers to the quality of goodness or badness in a human act. Means conformity to the rules of right conduct.
Semantics
Studies the meaning of words and it's linguistic forms, their functions, and their relationship to other words.
Ethics
Studies the morality of human conduct.
Metaphysics
Studies the nature of the mind, the self and the consciousness. Discover the "true nature" of things, their ultimate essence and the reason for being.
Cosmolgy
Studies the origin and destiny of the universe, evolution, and the ultimate fate of the entire universe.
Practical
Studies the truth to be acted upon.
Theoretical
Studies the truth to be known.
Psychology
Study about the nature of the soul of the person and other entities. Defined as a science that studies human and animal behavior.
Definition of ethics according to Montemayor, 1994
The practical science of the morality of human acts. The study of human conduct from the standpoint of morality. A normative science based on reason which studies human conduct and provide norms for it's natural integrity and honesty.
Ethics and Business
Title of Chapter 1
The Philosophical Background of Business Ethics.
Title of Chapter 2
Ethics
To investigate the nature of the human act or human conduct.
Theoretical and Practical
Two divisions of Philosophy