Business Management- Exam 3

_____ is the process of enabling workers to set their own work goals, make decisions, and solve problems within their sphere of responsibility and authority.

empowerment

Martha is given a new cabin and a new job title as recognition for her accomplishment over her years of service to the organization. She is satisfied with the recognition and respect from her colleagues. This portrays that the organization is addressing her _____ needs.

esteem

Prolonged exposure to a stressor without resolution can bring on the _____ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).

exhaustion

Clara plays offensive pranks at her workplace, which were so far encouraged by her colleagues. To make sure that she does not repeat such behaviors, managers at the organization instruct her colleagues to ignore her actions. The reinforcement method adopted by the organization is _____.

extinction

The means by which a labor agreement is enforced is the _____.

grievance procedure

Identify the reason why organizations are unable to achieve a perfect person-job fit.

imperfect selection professes

The assessment center:

is a content-valid simulation of major parts of the managerial job.

An organization with a diverse workforce:

is most likely to have a competitive advantage.

Compared to Type A individuals, Type B individuals are:

less likely to experience conflict with other people.

Neal works for the state of Vermont. He perceives that his union will protect him from getting fired, but the only way he will get promoted is if the person above him retires or dies. He has

low effort-to-performance expectancy, and low performance-to-outcome expectancy.

A job application blank should not contain questions about an applicant's_____.

national origin

Madeline works at a local retail store. She feels that she is being underpaid in spite of her job performance. She motivates herself to improve her performance to get the due recognition she deserves. Madeline's motivation is due to a _____

need deficiency

A tendency to be generally downbeat and pessimistic, and seeming to be in a bad mood is called _____.

negative affectivity

Identify the personality trait that a creative individual would most likely posses.

openness

Steve Perez, a senior manager at Lanset Inc., is satisfied to contribute to his organization in spite of receiving a lower salary than what other organizations might offer him. Steve's attitude reflects his _____.

organizational commitment

Rewards tied specifically to _____ have the greatest impact on enhancing motivation.

performance

_____ is a formal assessment of how well employees are doing their jobs.

performance appraisal

Organizations provide adequate wages, comfortable temperatures, restrooms, ventilation, etc. as a means to address the _____ needs of its employees.

physiological

When a subordinate has outstanding performance and his or her supervisor publicly praises it, the supervisor is using:

positive reinforcement

Which of the following is an example of dysfunctional behavior?

racial harassment

According to the motivation framework, after a worker notices an unfilled need, the next step is:

searching for ways to satisfy the need.

Jennifer, the CEO of Phoenix Corp., is planning to build an internal design team for the company. She is looking for employees within the company who have the expertise and an interest in designing. Jennifer can find this information in the _____.

skill inventory

In human resource management, _____ usually refers to teaching operational or technical employees how to do the job for which they were hired.

training

Bernard, a senior manager at Duepoint Inc., manipulates his subordinates to gain personal benefits by promising them false rewards. Bernard's personality trait is an example of _____.

Machiavellianism

The _____ sets up a procedure for employees to vote on whether to have a union.

National Labor Relations Act

The Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS) is _____.

a judgmental method of performance appraisal

Jaime, who works at Minlog Inc., maintains punctuality to avoid a loss of pay. Jaime's behavior is strengthened through _____.

avoidance

_____ reflects an organization's investment in attracting, retaining, and motivating an effective workforce.

Human capital

Jared called in sick so that he could go golfing. Jared's action is an example of:

absenteeism

Eleanor, a scientist at Medivac Inc., develops a prototype for a new vaccine to determine whether the vaccine works as designed. Eleanor is in the _____ stage of the creative process.

verification

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act forbids discrimination against workers above which of the following ages?

40

_____ refers to teaching managers and professionals the skills needed for both present and future jobs.

Development

According to the expectancy theory, which of the following conditions must be met for motivated behavior to occur?

Effort-to-performance expectancy must be greater than zero

Which of the following programs applies the concepts of reinforcement theory?

Organizational behavior modification

_____ needs are at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Self-actualization

_____ is a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task.

Self-efficacy

Under which of the following circumstances will an employee feel a need deficiency?

When she feels she is underpaid

Which of the following is a dysfunctional behavior?

absenteeism

Brianne, a graduate engineer, prefers to work in a job that provides her the opportunity to interact with people and make new friends on the job. Brianne has a need for _____.

affiliation

Identify the personality trait that is included in the Big Five Model of personality.

agreeableness

When an organization uses an employment test that the majority ethnic group is known to pass at a higher rate than minority groups , it is exhibiting _____.

an indirect form of discrimination

A company has all of its candidates who are qualifiable for promotion attend a five-day evaluation session during which they take a battery of tests, interviews, and perform in simulated work scenarios. The _____ method is used for the selection process in this scenario.

assessment center

ill observes that relationships are very important to Christine and that she will go out of her way to help others. Christine is late for a meeting with Jill, and Jill thinks the delay is due to Christine's generous spirit. Jill's judgement of the cause for Christine's delay is an example of _____.

attribution

During a job interview, Sarah asked the HR manager if the company would provide her a family insurance or a retirement plan. She was discussing the _____ that companies generally offer.

benefits

The conflict individuals may experience among their own attitudes is called _____.

cognitive dissonance

The extent to which other people in the same situation behave in the same way is known as _____.

consensus

Travis observes that one of his employees always refuses to look him in the eye. He wonders if the employee lacks respect for him. Later, Travis sees that other employees also fail to look him in the eye. Travis decides that the employees are not disrespectful of him, but rather that he must be intimidating them. Travis makes this attribution based on _____.

consensus

A person who works for an organization on something other than a permanent or fulltime basis is known as a(n)_____.

contingent worker

While matching human resource supply and demand, managers can handle predicted shortfalls by _____.

convincing individuals who are approaching retirement to stay on

_____ represents an important method that managers can use to enhance employee motivation.

empowerment

Nelson recently attended an interview where the HR manager showed him a video of an ordinary work day in the organization and explained in detail the expectations of the job. The HR manager also explained about the criteria for promotions in the company. Although some of the information did not appeal to Nelson, he was sure about what to expect from the job and the company. The organization used the _____ method in the interview.

realistic job preview

_____ is the process of attracting qualified persons to apply for jobs that are open.

recruiting

The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) represents the normal process by which an individual reacts to _____.

stressful events

During surgery, surgeons make quick decisions knowing the consequences of a wrong one. They are most likely to feel stress due to _____.

task demands

Venus LLC has recently recruited a new batch of employees, and the HR manager intends to apprise company rules to the employees. Which of the following training methods is most preferable in this scenario?

the lecture method

A change is initiated in the psychological contract between an employee and an organization if:

the organization sees an imbalance.

Jessica is required to follow a forty-hour work schedule from 9:00 in the morning and ends at 5:00 each day, every week. However, she has the freedom to take a day off by working two extra hours each day. This reflects a _____.

variable work schedule

If one wants to maintain an employee's behavior at a high level with variations in the level of behavior irrespective of the time interval, which of the following schedules of reinforcement would be most successful?

variable-ratio

The _____ is the most powerful schedule in terms of maintaining desired behavior.

variable-ratio schedule

The _____ varies the number of behaviors needed for each reinforcement.

variable-ratio schedule