Business Stats Chapter 3 Smartbook

Which of the following graphical depictions displays a numerical data value for each category of an attribute?

Bar chart Column chart

A new dining plan was implemented in a residence hall at State University. Residents were asked to assess the new plan and give a grade of A, B, C, D, or F to the new dining plan. 482 total residents provided the following grades: A, 234; B, 148; C, 87; D, 9. There were __________ "F"s.

Blank 1: 4

Print media such as Forbes or NYTimes should not be judged using the same rigorous standards as ____________ journals

Blank 1: academic

Before calculating summary statistics or graphing a data set it is a good idea to

Determine if the data is time-series or cross-sectional. Visualize how data was collected. Sort the data if possible.

True or false: A dot plot displays individual values of qualitative data.

Falase

True or false: A dot plot displays individual values of qualitative data.

False

True or false: Distributions of business data are typically (but not always) left skewed

False

Select all that apply Which variables could be displayed on a log scale?

GDP Real estate values in a fast growing market

Which of the following statements is an accurate statement about a bar chart?

Generally, there is space between the horizontal bars.

Which type of data cannot be sorted?

Nominal

Select all that apply There are several guidelines that one should follow when creating graphs. Which of the following describe these guidelines?

Novelty graphs such as pyramid charts introduce ambiguity. Axes that are numerical should be to the appropriate scale. Axes should be clearly labeled.

When constructing a histogram what values/labels go on the horizontal (x) axis and the vertical (y) axis.

Quantitative bin limits on the horizontal axis; frequency or relative frequency on the vertical axis.

Which of the following graphical depictions allows you to examine the relationship between two variables?

Scatterplot

Match the term with the histogram description. Instructions

Symmetric - A histogram with evenly distributed tails. Right Skewed - A histogram with a right tail that is longer than the left tail. Left Skewed - A histogram with a left tail that is longer than the right tail.

Which characteristic below is NOT a rule of thumb for displaying categorical data on a column chart?

The height of each column should be the same.

The pictured graph from a New York Times op-ed piece has some misleading components to it; which of the following elements are misleading?

The higher, by position, the category icon, the lower the rating. All the ratings arrows end at the same point, regardless of the actual rating.

When determining the approximate width of the bins for a frequency distribution of quantitative data, the difference of what two values is divided by the number of bins?

The maximum value and minimum value.

Identify the problems with the pictured graph.

There is no 0 value on the vertical axis. The time range needs to be specified. The vertical axis limit is too high.

Stem-and-leaf displays can be used to

determine central tendency and dispersion. analyze the small samples of integer data. observe individual data points.

A log scale is useful for

financial data that is expected to grow rapidly.

Select all that apply An ogive is useful for

finding percentiles. comparing shapes of known distributions.

Select all that apply A scatter plot shows

if an obvious association exists between two variables. pairs of observations (x1, y1) . . . (xn, yn) on an X-Y graph.

Select all that apply Sorting data is helpful because

we can see the frequency of each data value. we can see the range of values.

Select all that apply Sorting data is helpful because

we can see the range of values. we can see the frequency of each data value.

Sorting data is helpful because

we can see the range of values. we can see the frequency of each data value.

Before calculating summary statistics or graphing a data set it is a good idea to

Visualize how data was collected. Sort the data if possible. Determine if the data is time-series or cross-sectional.

Select all that apply Polygons

are plotted by using the midpoints of the frequency distribution classes. can be used to determine the shape of the data

One of the primary goals of constructing a frequency distribution for quantitative data is to summarize the data

by showing frequency of values that lie within a class or bin.

Place the following steps in order to explain how to construct a polygon.

1. construct a frequency distribution 2. Find the midpoint for each interval of the frequency distribution 3. The midpoints are plotted based on the frequency or relative frequency for the respective class. 4. Neighboring midpoints are connected together by a straight line

Select all that apply There are several guidelines that one should follow when creating graphs. Which of the following describe these guidelines?

Axes that are numerical should be to the appropriate scale. Axes should be clearly labeled. Novelty graphs such as pyramid charts introduce ambiguity.

In a random survey of 500 people, 75 of the people stated that Klean laundry detergent was their preferred brand when compared to other laundry detergents. If a pie chart of laundry detergent preferences is created,based on the aforementioned survey, what is the appropriate percent in the circle to represent the preference for Klean detergent?

Blank 1: 15

A new dining plan was implemented in a residence hall at State University. Residents were asked to assess the new plan and give a grade of A, B, C, D, or F to the new dining plan. 482 total residents provided the following grades: A, 234; B, 148; C, 87; D, 9; F, 4. ____________________ % of the grades were "B"s. (Round your answer to one decimal place when reporting the percentage.)

Blank 1: 30.7, 30.7%, 31, or 31%

Assume that a professor gave an exam to a class of 50 students. The high score was 98 points and the low score was 53 points. The professor wants to create a frequency distribution that is divided into five bins for the exam scores. The approximate bin width for the data is ___________ points but you might round up the bin width to ______________ for an easier interpretation.

Blank 1: 9 Blank 2: 10

______ charts are used to sort out the vital few from the trivial many.

Blank 1: Pareto

_________ charts are used to sort out the vital few from the trivial many.

Blank 1: Pareto

Print media such as Forbes or NYTimes should not be judged using the same rigorous standards as ______ journals.

Blank 1: academic

Which of the following statements is true?

Column or bar charts can be used to display time series data using the time periods as the category labels.

Which of the following is NOT a tip for an effective table display?

Headings should be detailed and complex in order to be as descriptive as possible.

Which of the following graphical depictions are useful for observing the spread of the data for a single variable?

Histogram Stem-and-leaf diagram Polygon

Select all that apply Which of the following graphical depictions are useful to observe the shape (distribution) of a data set for a single numerical variable?

Histogram Polygon Stem-and-leaf diagram

Identify the characteristic below that does NOT describe a Pareto chart.

Most common categories appear to the far right on the graph.

Which variables could be displayed on a log scale

Real estate values in a fast-growing market GDP

True or false: Line charts can be useful for comparing variables that differ in magnitude or units.

True

Which of the following is NOT a common error one should beware.

Unembellished charts that do not contain sound or animation.

Which of the following is NOT a common error in making graphs?

Using a logarithmic scale.

One method of graphical presentation for qualitative data is

a bar chart.

The pictured scatterplot depicts ______ between the x and y variable.

a positive linear relationship

Select all that apply A stem-and-leaf plot is basically

a tool which uses the digits in each number to create stems and leaves. a frequency tally. a tool used in exploratory data analysis.

Question Mode Multiple Select Question Select all that apply Tables are frequently used to display data because

a well-designed table can communicate the meaning of data at a glance. they are the simplest form of data display.

Select all that apply Tables are frequently used to display data because

a well-designed table can communicate the meaning of data at a glance. they are the simplest form of data display.

Select all that apply The vertical (y axis) for an ogive can be labeled as

cumulative frequency. relative cumulative frequency.

The vertical (y axis) for an ogive can be labeled as

cumulative frequency. relative cumulative frequency.

Histograms can be used to

determine the shape of the data. observe the spread or the variability of the data.

Select all that apply Histograms can be used to

determine the shape of the data. observe the spread or the variability of the data.

Select all that apply Characteristics of a bar chart include:

display horizontal bars when the axis labels are long or there are many categories. length or height of bar reflects frequency of a category

Select all that apply A line chart can be used to

display time series data. spot trends.

When a researcher wants to know the proportion of all observations that fall within a particular bin they would need the

relative frequency distribution.

Select all that apply The rectangles of a histogram

represent the class width and frequency, or relative frequency, of the respective class represent grouped data are drawn with no space, or gaps, between them, except when there is no data in a particular bin.

If the data were collected from a random sample we must allow for _____ error

sampling

If the data were collected from a random sample we must allow for ______ error

sampling

If the data were collected from a random sample we must allow for _______ error

sampling

Excel's pivot table feature

summarizes discrete numerical data. summarizes categorical data. allows interactive analysis.

A relative frequency distribution for quantitative data identifies

the proportion of observations that occur in each bin.

The length of a bar or height of a column in a bar or column chart represents the ________ of a category. (Enter one word in the blank.)

Blank 1: frequency, value, or count

The length of a bar or height of a column in a bar or column chart represents the __________ of a category. (Enter one word in the blank.)

Blank 1: frequency, value, or count

An Excel ________ table provides interactive analysis of data.

Blank 1: pivot

If the data were collected from a random sample we must allow for ______ error

Blank 1: sampling

A ________ / _________ is a type of graph that allows researchers to investigate the relationship between two variables. (Please enter one word per blank.)

Blank 1: scatter Blank 2: plot

A _______________/___________ is a type of graph that allows researchers to investigate the relationship between two variables. (Please enter one word per blank.)

Blank 1: scatter Blank 2: plot

A ___________ column chart shows the sum of several subtotals in each column.

Blank 1: stacked

A stacked column chart requires that the column height be a ________ of at least two subtotals. (Enter one word in the blank.)

Blank 1: sum, add, total, or combination

A stacked column chart requires that the column height be a __________ of at least two subtotals. (Enter one word in the blank.)

Blank 1: sum, add, total, or combination

A pie chart is not used to display ________ / _______ data (what data type)

Blank 1: time Blank 2: series

A pie chart is a segmented circle whose segments must sum to a _______ (Enter one word in the blank.)

Blank 1: total, whole, or 100%

Select all that apply Before calculating summary statistics or graphing a data set it is a good idea to

Sort the data if possible. Determine if the data is time-series or cross-sectional. Visualize how data was collected.

Select all that apply When constructing bins for a frequency distribution of quantitative data, which of the following principles should generally be followed?

The bin limits should not overlap. Bins should have equal interval widths.

Select all that apply Dot plots can show which features of a data set?

Variability Shape Center

An outlier is defined as

an extreme value that is located in the tail of the histogram. an extreme value that might have arisen from a different cause. an extreme value that might have arisen from measurement error.

Cumulative frequency distributions show the

accumulated counts up to and including the current bin as the bin limits increase.

Select all that apply An outlier is defined as

an extreme value that is located in the tail of the histogram. an extreme value that might have arisen from a different cause. an extreme value that might have arisen from measurement error

Polygons

can be used to determine the shape of the data are plotted by using the midpoints of the frequency distribution classes.

To construct a frequency distribution for qualitative data, the data is split into

categories

An ogive is useful for

comparing shapes of known distributions. finding percentiles.

Select all that apply An ogive is useful for

comparing shapes of known distributions. finding percentiles.