BUSMHR 3200 Exam 1

5 models of job satisfaction

1. need fulfillment 2. met expectations 3. value attainment 4. equity/fairness 5. dispositional/genetic components

core self-evaluations (CSE)

A broad personality trait comprised of four narrow and positive individual traits (self-efficacy, self esteem, locus of control, emotional stability). it is about individuals fundamental evaluations of themselves

Mena, a student, feels cognitive dissonance over her conflicting desires to hang out with her friends and to finish her class project. She reduces the dissonance by telling herself that finishing the project now means that she can have the entire weekend free to spend with her friends. Which method of reducing cognitive dissonance does this represent? A. finding consonant elements that outweigh dissonant ones B. appealing to higher authority C. changing her attitude or behavior or both D. belittling the importance of the inconsistent behavior

A. finding consonant elements that outweigh dissonant ones

Megan was hurt at work. Megan's manager concluded that Megan was careless and clumsy. Megan's manager may have committed an error called ________ error. A. fundamental attribution B. leniency C. stereotyping D. self-serving bias E. halo

A. fundamental attribution

Studying a faulty reward system that unfairly distributes raises is a study of what levels of OB? A. organizational B. group/team C. individual D. committee

A. organizational

An employee's beliefs about what he or she is entitled to receive in return for what he or she provides to the organization are represented by his or her A. psychological contract B. counterproductive work behavior C. organizational citizenship behavior D. withdrawal cognitions

A. psychological contract

In organizational behavior, knowing when to apply OB knowledge and tools to a particular circumstance is an important part of A. hard skill development B. the contingency approach C. organizational behavior D. vocational counseling

B. the contingency approach

What drives behavior according to Schwartz's theory? A. social conditioning imparted through years of interpersonal interactions B. the relative importance we place on two dimensions of opposing values C. biological factors such as our unique brain chemistry D. external consequences and rewards

B. the relative importance we place on two dimensions of opposing values

Joe was terminated from his job and believed the reason was his boss did not like him and his hard work was not appreciated. Joe likely has: A. high emotional stabilty B. an internal locus of control C. low self-efficacy D. an external locus of control E. low self-esteem

D. an external locus of control

deep-level diversity

External influences and organizational dimensions

surface-level diversity

Internal characteristics apparent to others (unchangeable)

Values and attitudes are usually in agreement (T/F)

True

self-efficacy

a belief about your chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task

perception

a cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings

the ability to solve everyday problems by utilizing knowledge gained from experience in order to purposefully adapt to, shape, and select environment: A. practical intelligence B. multiple intelligence C. genetic intelligence D. emotional intelligence

a. practical intelligence

practical intelligence

ability to solve everyday problems by utilizing knowledge gained from experience in order to purposefully adapt to, shape, and select environments

values

abstract ideals that guide our thinking and behavior across all situations (generally remain stable across time, not specific to context)

Organizational behavior

academic discipline focused on understanding and managing people at work

Values represent beliefs that influence behaviors _____________; attitudes relate to behavior __________.

across all situations; toward specific targets

job satisfaction

an affective or emotional response towards various facets of a job

intelligence

an individual's capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem solving

stereotype

an individual's set of beliefs about the characteristics or attributes of a group

access-and-legitimacy perspective

based on recognition that the organization's markets and constituencies are culturally diverse

counterproductive work behavior (CWB)

behaviors that harm other employees, the organization as a whole, or organizational stakeholders such as customers and shareholders

flexible individual differences

change over time from situation to situation; can be altered more easily (ex: a person's attitudes)

Schwartz's second bipolar dimension ranges from self-directed independence or openness to ________________ to ___________________.

change, conservation

3 main weaknesses of __________ are relying on hindsight, lack of rigor, and lack of objectivity

common sense

self-transcendence

concern for the welfare and interests of others (universalism, benevolence)

conscientiousness

consistently and positively associated with job performance (strongest predictor of the Big 5)

Knowing which OB tools to use and under what circumstances is referred to as a(n) _______ approach to managing people

contingency

locus of control

describes how much personal responsibility someone takes for their behavior and its consequences

Schwartz's first bipolar dimension includes self-_________ and self-__________

enhancement, transcendence

When there are two choices in a situation, and neither resolves the issue in an ethically acceptable manner, a(n) ______ exists

ethical dilemma

self-esteem

general belief about your self-worth (relatively stable across your lifetime, but can be improved)

ethics

guides our behavior by identifying right, wrong, and the many shades of grey in between (unethical does not mean illegal)

internal locus of control

i make things happen, i can determine my future, i accept personal responsibility for failures

causes of unethical behavior

ill conceived goals, motivated blindness, indirect blindness, the slippery slope, overvaluing outcomes

openness to change

independence of thought, action and feelings and readiness for change (stimulation, self-direction)

The term ____ is used to collectively describe people's traits and behaviors that are influence by genetics and environment A. individual differences B. cognitive abilities C. emotional intelligence D. self-esteem

individual differences

What are the 3 levels that OB distinguishes among?

individual, group, and organizational

The foundation of the Organizing Framework is a systems model wherein ______ influence outcomes through ______

inputs, process

Ajzen and Fishbein consider _________ as the key link between attitudes and planned behavior.

intentions

the dark triad

narcissists, psychopaths, and machiavellians

a physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called ______

needs

discrimination

occurs when employment decisions about an individual are based on reasons not associated with performance or related to the job (stereotypes can lead to discrimination)

fundamental attribution bias

one's tendency to attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics (internal factors), as opposed to situational factors

self-serving bias

one's tendency to take more personal responsibility for success than for failure

personal attitudes

our feelings or opinions about specific people, places, or objects; range from positive to negative (are directed to specific "targets", and influence specific behaviors relevant to the target)

Our values are influenced by the values of our ______ and by the ___________ we have as children.

parents, experiences

self-enhancement

pursuit of one's own interests and relative success and dominance over others (power, achievement)

soft skills

relate to human interactions and include both interpersonal skills and personal attributes and are among the most valued skill by employers

emotions

relatively brief responses aimed at a specific target, such as a person, information, experience, or event. emotions can change our psychological and physiological states

OB uses both a systematic and _____ approach to understanding people

science-based

Knowing your own abilities, values, strengths, and weaknesses as well as how others view you in terms of these factors, is referred to as ________

self awareness

The idea behind _________ is that you know your personal strengths and weaknesses

self awareness

personal competence

self awareness and self management

ethical dilemmas

situations with 2 choices, neither of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable manner

fixed individual differences

stable over time and across situations; difficult to change (ex: a person's values)

self-management

the ability to control your emotions, and to behave reliably

relationship management

the ability to develop meaningful interpersonal relationships and to communicate clearly with others (social skills)

self-awareness

the ability to read and understand your own emotions and moods

emotional labor

the effort required to display emotions that one is not really feeling (i.e., call center reps try to be happy on the phone despite getting angry calls all day)

organizational commitment

the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals

emotional contagion

the influence of one person's affect on the moods of others

external locus of control

things happen to me, i blame others for failures, i can't control the future

emotions do not necessarily make you irrational (T/F)

true

The most significant contributor to withdrawal cognitions is low levels of A. job satisfaction B. responsibility C. camaraderie D. stress

A. job satisfaction

Bob has a goal to work hard and eventually apply for a promotion at the Great Grain Company. Bob is most likely to exhibit positive emotions if A. the emotions are congruent with his goal. B. he has emotional intelligence. C. the emotions are incongruent with his goal. D. he feels inadequate. E. he had a bad experience being promoted at his former company.

A. the emotions are congruent with his goal

The idea that satisfaction results from the perception that a job allows for fulfillment of an individual's important values is: A. value attainment B. met expectations C. job satisfaction D. need fulfillment

A. value attainment

An individual's overall thoughts and feelings about quitting and the thought process that encapsulates this are called: A. withdrawal cognitions B. job satisfaction C. equity theory D. cognitive dissonance

A. withdrawal cognitions

Kyle is considering volunteering to help his company with its annual food drive. Which of the following is NOT an indicator of whether he will do so? A. Kyle thinks the food bank is a great way to help his community B. Kyle is already volunteering at the animal shelter C. Kyle's boss expects him to volunteer D. Kyle's company gives employees a day off to volunteer E. The food bank is located close to Kyle's home

B. Kyle is already volunteering at the animal shelter

Which of the following accurately describes current trends in employee turnover? A. Employees are now more likely to stay in the same job for over 5 years B. Most employees now expect to stay in the same job for their entire career or until they are laid off C. Employees are increasingly quitting between year one and year two on the job D. There is a trend for employees to quit when they have spent less than one year on the job

D. There is a trend for employees to quit when they have spent less than one year on the job

extraversion

associated with success for managers and salespeople, but smaller effect than conscientiousness

Personal values exemplify global beliefs, while personal _____ are more specific to particular situations, persons, or objects

attitudes

perceived organizational support

extent to which employees believe that the organization values their contributions and genuinely cares about their well-being

employee engagement

extent to which employees give it their all and more to their work roles

social competence

social awareness and relationship management

proactive personality

someone who is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and who affects environmental change (someone who tries to affect a situation)

emotional intelligence (EI/EQ)

the ability to monitor one's own emotions and those of others, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions

social awareness

the ability to read other people's emotions and to understand their perspective (empathy)

ethnocentrism

the belief that one's native country, culture, language, and behavior are superior

personality

the combination of stable, physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that give individuals their unique identity

cognitive dissonance

the psychological discomfort experienced when simultaneously holding 2 or more conflicting cognitions (ideas, beliefs, values, emotions)

Which of the following statements are NOT accurate? A. Stereotypes can lead to poor decisions B. All stereotypes are negative C. Stereotypes are used during the encoding process of perception D. Quality interpersonal contact among mixed groups may reduce the use of stereotypes E. Some people have negative stereotypes about older individuals

B. all stereotypes are negative

Managers have more influence over A. employee intelligence levels B. flexible individual differences C. fixed individual differences D. worker personalities

B. flexible individual differences

The statement "I believe" reflects which overall attitude component? A. Affective B. Behavioral C. Cognitive D. Consistent

C. cognitive

In Schwartz's value theory, values are organized into two A. achievement dimensions B. context categories C. similarity categories D. bipolar dimensions

D. bipolar dimensions

conservation

order, self-restriction, preservation of the past, and resistance to change (conformity, tradition, security)

a person seeking to understand and manage people at work is likely to study _________________, which is an interdisciplinary field

organizational behavior

inclusion

the extent to which the vast diversity of organizational members is brought together in a meaningful way to increase success (individual, group, and organizational)

diversity

the multitude of individual differences and similarities that exist within a team or organization

Values remain mostly stable across ____ and _____

time, situations

The continuum of individual differences places _______ at the top because they are relatively stable. A. intelligence and cognitive abilities B. self-efficacy and self-esteem C. attitudes and emotions D. locus of control and emotions

A. intelligence and cognitive abilities

An affective or emotional response toward various facets of one's job is called ______. A. job satisfaction B. value attainment C. job expectations D. need fulfillment

A. job satisfaction

The fact that at work some coworkers remain satisfied in situations where others always seem dissatisfied is the idea behind: A. Equity theory B. Disposition/Genetic Components C. Cognitive Dissonance D. Value Attainment

B. disposition/genetic components

If an employee values achievement and an employer rewards people for accomplishing goals, the employee is more likely to experience: A. withdrawal cognitions B. organizational commitment C. self efficacy D. cognitive dissonance

B. organizational commitment

Cognitive dissonance is a representation of: A. deep-rooted values B. psychological discomfort C. extinguished behaviors D. affective attitudes

B. psychological discomfort

Martha would like to hire employees who will be strong performers in her organization. Which of the Big Five personality dimensions should she try to make sure the new employees score high on? A. Extraversion B. Agreeableness C. Conscientiousness D. Emotional Stability E. Openness to Experience

C. conscientiousness

Which of the following job characteristics is most likely to increase job satisfaction under the dispositional/genetic components model? A. a large office B. friendly coworkers C. feelings of autonomy D. a high salary

C. feelings of autonomy

Only when a firm's favorable treatment is voluntary rather than mandated by an external constraint will it be seen as: A. compliance based B. ethical C. organizational support D. physiological

C. organizational support

Workers who value their own personal success and power more than they value teamwork and the needs of others exhibit which of Schwartz's values? A. conservation B. openness to change C. self-enhancement D. self-transcendence

C. self-enhancement

According to Schwartz's theory, an employee who values tradition will not want to work: A. on a social cause B. with other employees C. as the leader of a group D. on a holiday

D. on a holiday

Individual behavior that is discretionary and not part of a formal reward system and promotes the effective performance of the firm is called: A. cognitive dissonance B. job satisfaction C. perceived organizational support D. organizational citizenship

D. organizational citizenship

The idea that good treatment inspires good work is the basic premise of A. cognitive dissonance B. Schwartz's value theory C. counterproductive work behavior D. perceived organizational support

D. perceived organizational support