C-208 Pre assessment

How do mental models impact individuals' responses to organizational change according to Black and Gregersen? a. Mental models can enable employee confidence in the direction of change\ .b. Mental models can become barriers that prevent stakeholders' from perceiving the need for change. c.Mental models can help leaders identify the correct steps for change implementation. d. Mental models can represent undocumented change strategy in the minds of leadership.

Mental models can become barriers that prevent stakeholders' from perceiving the need for change.

Place the stages of Everett Roger's Diffusion of Innovation model in order from 1 (earliest stage) to 5 (latest stage) 1. Decision 2. Confirmation 3.Implementation 4. Knowledge 5. Persuasion

3.Implementation 5. Persuasion 4. Knowledge 1. Decision 2. Confirmation

Which emotion is prevalent among almost all employees during the process of organizational change? a. Anger b. Stress c. Apathy d. Fatigue

Stress

Which scenario is an example of one of Black and Gregersen's strategies for overcoming barriers to change? a. A CEO champions a change process by both accepting responsibility and providing clear metrics for the change initiatives. b. A manager allows employees to experience failure at new tasks so a change feels earned. c. A leader limits information about why a change is needed so that employees focus on how to change. d. An HR executive identifies employees most likely to resist change so they can be shifted to less important roles temporarily.

a. A CEO champions a change process by both accepting responsibility and providing clear metrics for the change initiatives.

What is essential for a leader to communicate when undertaking organizational change? a. A consistent vision of the end result of the change b. A learning focus on the failures of the past and attempts to change c. A focus on employees' positive feedback d. A need to keep the final organization plan undisclosed during the early stages of change

a. A consistent vision of the end result of the change

An entrepreneur comes up with a great idea for her business.Which concept does this entrepreneur need to understand when developing a new enterprise? a. A great idea cannot succeed without effective implementation. b. Powerful implementation can overcome initial weaknesses in an idea. c. A great idea will eventually triumph even when implementation is weak. d. Implementation can help a weak idea but cannot hinder a great idea from succeeding.

a. A great idea cannot succeed without effective implementation.

How should leaders view difficult questions and serious concerns from employees about change initiatives? a. As opportunities to provide honest and persuasive context b. As signs that a change initiative may need to be delayed or reconsidered c. As threats to the initiative that should be minimized wherever possible d. As indications that the leadership team has failed to plan appropriately

a. As opportunities to provide honest and persuasive context

How can leaders effectively address resistance to change through communication? a. By being consistent, open, and empathetic b. By avoiding details in order to focus on the big picture c. By keeping troubling details quiet as long as possible d. By presenting different messages to maintain interest

a. By being consistent, open, and empathetic

How can a leader connect with employees to help sustain organizational change? a. By offering positive feedback b. By declaring success early in the change effort c. By encouraging employees to share only the benefits to a change d. By announcing a performance rewards and punishments system

a. By offering positive feedback

Which question is most appropriately considered during the discovery stage? a. Does my product or service meet an unmet demand? b. How can the success of my innovation be evaluated? c. What are the most creative ideas for marketing my innovation? d. When can this product or service be adopted by a critical mass of consumers?

a. Does my product or service meet an unmet demand?

What can lead to the failure of an excellent and well-planned change-management effort? Choose 2 answers a. Employee exhaustion and fatigue b. Increased training in relation to the change initiative c. Distinctly unique competencies of employees d. Insufficient communication about change initiatives

a. Employee exhaustion and fatigue d. Insufficient communication about change initiatives

Why is discovery the first stage of the entrepreneurial process? a. Entrepreneurs can determine what they want to do and if there is an opportunity. b. Entrepreneurs have already experienced failure in their business ventures. c. Entrepreneurs are guided by their individual instincts rather than by research and data. d. Entrepreneurs rely on their creativity and vision to compensate for limited business experience.

a. Entrepreneurs can determine what they want to do and if there is an opportunity.

An entrepreneur would like to secure access to both a large sum of cash and industry experience.Which funding option would best align with this entrepreneur's overall goal? a. Equity investors b. Bank financing c. Business incubator d. Initial public offering

a. Equity investors

Which approaches would be appropriate for communicating change initiatives? Choose 2 answers a. Explaining why the change is needed b. Addressing concerns raised by the prospect of change c. Describing failed change initiatives of the past d. Communicating change initiatives through email

a. Explaining why the change is needed b. Addressing concerns raised by the prospect of change

What does organizational culture determine in terms of the successful implementation of innovation and change within a business enterprise? a. How things are done b. Return on investment c. Risk management d. Standard operating procedures

a. How things are done

Refer to the Case Study: "Cellular Systems Inc. - 20/20 Vision" and answer the following questions.How should the vice president proceed now that the directors have voiced their objections and concerns about the new targets? a. Listen to the directors' concerns, and tell them she understands their reluctance, but reiterate why the new targets are the right ones b. Postpone the 20/20 Vision initiative until consensus has been reached among all the directors on what the new targets should be c. Schedule an additional meeting in one week and ask the directors to present their own plans on how they will meet the new targets d. Explain to the directors that the goals are firm and cannot be changed, and compliance is not optional

a. Listen to the directors' concerns, and tell them she understands their reluctance, but reiterate why the new targets are the right ones

What is the most basic role of a leader in promoting organizational change? a. Modeling change from the top of the organization b. Resisting concerns expressed by institutional naysayers c. Focusing on maintaining short-term profits and market share d. Identifying problem employees likely to oppose change

a. Modeling change from the top of the organization

What are the three key steps that should be included in measuring innovation? a. Plan, monitor, learn b. Vision, guide, support c. Dream, believe, execute d. Experience, innovate, succeed

a. Plan, monitor, learn

Which two characteristics are ideal for entrepreneurs to have?Choose 2 answers a. Resiliency after failures b. Risk adverse attitude c. Enthusiastic outlook d. Minimal desire for achievement

a. Resiliency after failures c. Enthusiastic outlook

What does an organization seek during third-order change? a. Seeing things differently b. Measuring things differently c. Anticipating thing differently d. Describing things differently

a. Seeing things differently

What are three reasons to create business plans? a. They require entrepreneurs to extensively research the market opportunity. b. They are useful for attracting new customers and marketing the product. c. They are helpful in attracting financing and investment to launch a venture. d. They help entrepreneurs figure out solutions to potential challenges before starting operations. e. They ensure the success of the venture.

a. They require entrepreneurs to extensively research the market opportunity. c. They are helpful in attracting financing and investment to launch a venture. d. They help entrepreneurs figure out solutions to potential challenges before starting operations.

What are two reasons why an entrepreneur might choose to structure his venture as a corporation? Choose 2 answers a. To ensure he is personally shielded from the risk of legal liabilities b. To enable the venture to survive beyond the entrepreneur's lifetime c. To share equally in the risks and benefits of the venture and avoid significant government regulation d. To structure the venture in a simple, less costly way that provides more flexibility in decision-making

a. To ensure he is personally shielded from the risk of legal liabilities b. To enable the venture to survive beyond the entrepreneur's lifetime

What is a common cause for the failure of organizational change? a. Unclear goals b. Slow execution c. Internal factors d. Excessive communication

a. Unclear goals

Which three individuals within an organization could play the role of change agent? Choose 3 Answers a.Consultant b.Customer c. CEO d. Employee e. Shareholder

a.Consultant c. CEO d. Employee

What challenge does the implementation stage present for some entrepreneurs? a. A primary focus on action and innovation b. A balance of key managerial functions and entrepreneurial energy c. A primary focus on observation and documentation d. A breaking away from industry standards and violating typical expectations

b. A balance of key managerial functions and entrepreneurial energy

How should training be viewed during organizational change? a. As an unnecessary extravagance to be avoided b. As a worthwhile investment in a successful transition c. As an employee perk when simpler support methods have failed d. As a key aspect for tech companies, but less important to service-oriented businesses

b. As a worthwhile investment in a successful transition

Which features are highly important to the sustainability of new ventures according to Barney and Clark? a. Financial resources and vision b. Competencies and capabilities c. Collaboration and cooperation d. Employee commitment and leadership

b. Competencies and capabilities

What should a leader welcome in order to encourage innovation and other changes? a. Passive commitment b. Creative risk taking c. Pressure for compliance d. Groupthink

b. Creative risk taking

The CEO of a leading automobile manufacturing company is concerned about the long-range prospects of oil scarcity and its impact on the company. Which two change management strategies would be appropriate to address the CEO's concerns? a. Hold town hall meetings to present the CEO's concerns to the employees and to answer their questions b. Hold a brainstorming session with the executive management team to assess the risk or opportunity of alternative fuel technologies c. Hire an outside market research company to study future trends and how they may impact the business d. Conduct an employee satisfaction survey to better understand the organization's openness to change

b. Hold a brainstorming session with the executive management team to assess the risk or opportunity of alternative fuel technologies c. Hire an outside market research company to study future trends and how they may impact the business

How could the management team at the pharmaceutical company better implement the change? Hire an outside consulting firm to help lead the change initiative b. Hold an employee meeting to explain the reasons behind the change and answer any questions that employees may have c. Conduct an employee satisfaction survey to better understand the organization's openness to change d. Offer bonus incentives to team leaders for implementing the change quickly

b. Hold an employee meeting to explain the reasons behind the change and answer any questions that employees may have

Which role does creative tension play in organizational change according to Peter Senge? a. It saps employees of the energy needed to embrace change. b. It drives people to bring reality in line with their vision. c. It describes the common feeling of letdown after a successful change has occurred. d. It inspires lower-level employees to work harder at change in order to advance their careers.

b. It drive people to bring reality in line with their vision

Which two statements characterize low end disruption? Choose 2 answers a. It can be an incremental improvement. b. It is an innovation that is good enough. c. It evolves over time into a product with more features. d. It immediately displaces existing products.

b. It is an innovation that is good enough. c. It evolves over time into a product with more features.

Which aspect of a change initiative is measured by return on investment? a. Its intended result. b. Its efficiency or value. c. Its impact on industry culture. d. its effect on stakeholder perceptions.

b. Its efficiency or value.

How does private sector innovation differ from public sector innovation? a. Private sector innovation is not driven by market forces. b. Private sector innovation is more focused on financial benefits. c. Private sector innovation is more focused on long-term goals. d. Private sector innovation is opposed to nonprofit innovation.

b. Private sector innovation is more focused on financial benefits.

Why are prototypes useful during the market evaluation stage of the entrepreneurial process? a. Prototypes can be an anonymous way of determining the market strategy of the industry's competitors. b. Prototypes are a way to measure consumer interest in a new product or service. c. Prototypes can be helpful for engaging in long-range planning before working on specific product or service design. d. Prototypes are similar to entrepreneurial innovations but do not help assess the competition.

b. Prototypes are a way to measure consumer interest in a new product or service.

Which element of the cultural web represents the dress code, logos, and furnishings of an entity? a. Stories b. Symbols c. Routines d. Control systems

b. Symbols

What is social entrepreneurship? a. Closer government supervision of entrepreneurial behavior b. The application of entrepreneurial tools to solve societal problems c. The privatization of government services d. Ways to use societal problems for personal financial profit

b. The application of entrepreneurial tools to solve societal problems

What is the primary role of an idea champion in the innovation process? a. The champion disregards feedback. b. The champion strongly believes in the idea. c. The champion manages the early stages of brainstorming. d. The champion funds the creative process.

b. The champion strongly believes in the idea.

Which two statements describe social entrepreneurs?Choose 2 answers a. They do not seek to profit financially from their endeavor. b. They look for innovative ways to solve existing problems. c. They employ entrepreneurial tools to address community issues. d. They seek to employ entrepreneurial tools within governmental agencies.

b. They look for innovative ways to solve existing problems. c. They employ entrepreneurial tools to address community issues.

Which practice can lead to unconscious resistance to attempts at organizational change? a. Repeating communication of vision b. Tiring staff with unrelated demands c. Providing excessively generous benefits d. Highlighting milestones achieved during the process

b. Tiring staff with unrelated demands

Which question must be asked in forming a contingency plan for a change initiative? a. How to? b. What if? c. Why not? d. Where next?

b. What if?

What is most important when leading an organization through disruptive change? a. Tradition b.Adaptability c. Competitiveness d. Cooperation

b.Adaptability

A healthcare system is planning for the future increase in elderly patients as baby boomers age.Which type of change force is this health care system responding to? a.Technological b.Socioeconomic c. Political d. Environmental

b.Socioeconomic

What is one outcome of the strategic planning stage of the entrepreneurial process? a. A series of metrics b. An implementation plan c. A mission statement d. A formal business plan

c. A mission statement

Which aspect is essential to being effective in the ADKAR change management process? a. Including as many steps as possible in the plan b. Wording steps of the plan in complex terms c. Being willing to adapt the steps of a plan d. Waiting until the initiative has begun to develop the final steps of the plan

c. Being willing to adapt the steps of a plan

What are the most essential skills required by the leader of an organization experiencing revolutionary change? a. Short-tempered management techniques b. Effective coaching and support c. Directive and decisive guidance d. Cheerleading support

c. Directive and decisive guidance

Which techniques are methods for overcoming barriers to innovation? a. Command and control b. Group think and complacency c. Divergent thinking and listening d. Formality and structure

c. Divergent thinking and listening

The plant manager of a small manufacturing plant is planning a two-day meeting with the plant staff to find ways to improve inventory turns.Which two techniques should the plant manager consider to help the staff spur creative ideas at the meeting? Choose 2 answers a. Ask each attendee to come to the meeting with a prepared presentation on how to improve b. Hold the meeting in a familiar meeting room within the office c. Fill the conference room with different visual stimuli and creative objects d. Inform the staff that their annual bonus will now be based on meeting their new goals

c. Fill the conference room with different visual stimuli and creative objects d. Inform the staff that their annual bonus will now be based on meeting their new goals

What is a simple and inexpensive way team leaders can foster creativity? a. Limiting meetings to key team members b. Meeting for an extended time without breaking c. Holding team brainstorming sessions in a new location d. Using only paper and pencil to encourage a different style of thinking

c. Holding team brainstorming sessions in a new location

What is the role of innovation in the public sector as compared to the private sector? a. It is easier than in the private sector because profits need not be considered. b. It is easier because of innovations that are first put forward by private entities. c. It is more challenging than in the private sector but important because of the enormous impact of the innovations. d. It is less necessary than in the private sector because consumers can always opt in to corporate options where governments fall short.

c. It is more challenging than in the private sector but important because of the enormous impact of the innovations.

What is required during the incubation stage of Amabile's stages of innovation? a. Training employees to think and plan in similar ways b. Giving large bonuses to employees with successful ideas c. Making time for creative thought without regard to immediate results d. Keeping innovation planning to overtime so that only motivated employees participate

c. Making time for creative thought without regard to immediate results

How is responding to change resistance in the non-profit sector different from in the private sector? a. Non-profit sector leaders have greater leeway when offering rewards or punishment. b. Power tools are more readily available to non-profit leaders. c. Many employees are strongly committed to organization's mission. d. More professionally trained managers are available for implementing change.

c. Many employees are strongly committed to organization's mission.

A large engineering company is bidding on a project to build a new power plant in China. The Chinese government has dictated that the winning bid will be required to produce 75% of the material used in construction from Chinese companies. The engineering company has sent their global vice president of sourcing to meet with potential suppliers in China and choose a source for several critical materials.Which type of change force is the engineering company responding to? a.Cultural b.Socioeconomic c. Political d. Technological

c. Political

Which approach is proven and effective in using reinforcement to sustain change? a. Focusing communication on leadership's doubt of the change's success b. Permitting employees to spread their own ideas informally c. Repeating the messages of vision, process, and goals through a variety of channels d. Directing leaders to focus on profit-driven goals, market share, and employee satisfaction

c. Repeating the messages of vision, process, and goals through a variety of channels

Which statement best describes the use of employee rewards and punishments in advancing organizational change? a. Rewards and punishments are ineffective to persuade employees to accept change. b. Rewards and punishments are the only way to persuade employees to accept change. c. Rewards and punishments are not sufficient on their own to persuade employees to accept change. d. Rewards and punishments are useful but immoral ways to persuade employees to accept change.

c. Rewards and punishments are not sufficient on their own to persuade employees to accept change.

How can operational planning assist with financial planning during the fifth stage of the entrepreneurial process? a. Sales of prototypes can be used to raise start-up funds. b. A prospectus can be used to develop a formal business plan. c. Sales projections from the marketing plan can be used to project revenue. d. Return on investment calculations can be used as the basis for attracting investors.

c. Sales projections from the marketing plan can be used to project revenue.

Which strategy reflects a company's commitment to sustainability? a. Focusing on immediate benefits when evaluating the worth of organizational changes b. Hiring a new CEO who values environmental initiatives if they will have an immediate return c. Spending more now to acquire materials from a provider that minimizes environmental impact d. Using objective metrics, rather than personal preferences, in making hiring and promotion decisions

c. Spending more now to acquire materials from a provider that minimizes environmental impact

What is an example of an incremental innovation? a. The creation of the alphabet b. Internet shopping website c. The introduction of the smart phone d. Invention of the television

c. The introduction of the smart phone

How can extensive training increase employee participation in change initiatives? a. By ensuring that no employees will become strong resisters b. By decreasing the chance that contingency plans will be needed c. By demonstrating the usefulness of metrics to assess the initiative d. By helping employees feel comfortable with new procedures

d. By helping employees feel comfortable with new procedures

The head of human resources of a large company is considering changes to the employee benefits program but is unsure how the employees will respond to these changes. Which type of change model should this person employ? a.Executive b. Prescriptive c. Creative d. Descriptive

d. Descriptive

Why is diversity important to compete in the global marketplace? a. Employees' desires to travel to and interact with different cultures suggest they will be more productive. b. Employees who value diversity tend to be more educated and more experienced than other employees. c. Employees from minority cultures are better able to work in collaborative and cooperative environments. d. Employees' varying backgrounds provide different tools for seeing and solving problems.

d. Employees' varying backgrounds provide different tools for seeing and solving problems.

Which of the eight steps described by Kotter is the first step a change leader takes when implementing change? a. Forming a guiding coalition b. Communicating the vision c. Coaching change leaders d. Establishing a sense of urgency

d. Establishing a sense of urgency

During which part of innovation is it most important to expose the organization to external thinking? a. Ideas b. Insight c. Inspiration d. Imagination

d. Imagination

Which description explains the relationship between creativity and innovation? a. Creativity generates new ideas while innovation builds on existing ideas. b. Creativity inspires practical improvements to flawed innovations. c. Innovation can exist without creativity, but creativity requires innovation. d. Innovation is the conversion of creative new ideas into new products, processes, and services.

d. Innovation is the conversion of creative new ideas into new products, processes, and services.

In which two ways does iteration contribute to change initiatives?Choose 2 answers a. It reinforces the organization's commitment to change. b. It creates a sense of urgency within the organization. c. It overcomes employee skepticism and passive resistance. d. It helps guard against regression to old ways of doing things.

d. It helps guard against regression to old ways of doing things.

Which position describes the anthropologic view of the role of leaders in shaping organizational culture? a. Leaders are the dreamers of the future. b. Leaders are the architects of change. c. Leaders are the creators of change. d. Leaders are part of the culture.

d. Leaders are part of the culture.

A manager attempting to implement a change initiative finds the employees strongly embrace the organization's mission and feel the urgency to change. The manager is grateful for the workers' reactions because the manager is very uncomfortable using power tools to coerce support of the initiative.In which sector does this manager most likely work? a. Public b. Private c. Military d. Nonprofit

d. Nonprofit

Which attitude can contribute to the success of organizational change? a. Valuing return on investment above all b. Implementation of scientific processes c. Driving toward agreement d. Openness to experimentation

d. Openness to experimentation

Which change implementation technique might work better in the culture of a military environment than it would in a nonprofit organization? a. Focus on mission b. Use of collaboration c. Discussion of metrics d. Reliance on power tools

d. Reliance on power tools

How do change and innovation efforts affect an organization's culture? a. They can integrate product output. b. They can employ new technologies. c. They can direct the organization's publicity campaigns. d. They can alter the organization's identity.

d. They can alter the organization's identity.