C++ ch.5
Single-alternative selection structure
A selection structure that requires a special set of actions to be taken only when the structure's condition is true
Local variable
A variable declared within a statement block; can be used only by the instructions within the statement block in which it is declared, and the instructions must appear after its declaration statement
Argument
An item that appears between the parentheses that follow a function's name; represents information that the function needs to perform its task
Boolean operators
Another term for logical operators
False path
Contains the instructions to be processed when a dual-alternative selection structure's condition evaluates to false
True path
Contains the instructions to be processed when a selection structure's condition evaluates to true
Selection structure
One of the three control structures; tells the computer to make a decision before selecting the next instruction to process; also called the decision structure
Statement block
Oneor more instructions enclosed in a set of braces ({})
Logical operators
Operators used to combine two or more sub-conditions into one compound condition; also called Boolean operators
Comparison operators
Operators used to compare values having the same data type in an expression; also called relational operators; <. <=, >, >=, ==, !=
Dual-alternative selection structures
Selection structures that require two sets of actions: one to be taken only when the structure's condition is true, and the other only when the condition is false
Truth tables
Tables that summarize how the computer evaluates the logical operators in an expression
tolower function
Temporarily converts a character to lowercase
Decision Symbol
The diamond in a flowchart; used to represent the condition in either a selection or repetition structure
setprecision stream manipulator
The manipulator used to control the number of decimal places that appear when a real number is displayed
scientific stream manipulator
The manipulator used to display real numbers in scientific (e) notation
Data Validation
The process of verifying that a program's input data is within the expected range
Short-circuit evaluation
refers to the way the computer evaluates two sub-conditions connected by a logical operator; when the logical operator is And, the computer does not evaluate sub-condition2 when sub-condition1 is false; when the logical operator is Or, the computer does not evaluate sub-condition2 when sub-condition1 is true
toupper function
temporarily converts a character to uppercase
fixed stream manipulator
the manipulator used to display real numbers in fixed-point notation