C++ Midterm

The output of the statement: cout << tolower('$') << endl;

'$'

Suppose that x is an int variable. Which of the following expressions always evaluates to true? a. (x > 0) || ( x <= 0) b. (x > 0) && ( x <= 0) c. (x >= 0) || (x == 0) d. (x > 0) && (x == 0)

(x > 0) || ( x <= 0)

Given the following function: int strange(int x, int y) { if (x > y) return x + y; else return x - y; } what is the output of the following statement? cout << strange(4, 5) << endl;

-1

The statement: return 8, 10; returns the value ____.

10

When you attach & after the dataType in the formal parameter list of a function, the variable following that dataType becomes a(n) ________ parameter.

reference

If a function needs to return more than one value, as a rule of good programming style, you should change it to a(n) ______ function and use the appropriate reference parameters to return the values.

void

The statement: return 2 * 3 + 1, 1 + 5; returns the value ____.

6

The statement: return 37, y, 2 * 3; returns the value ____.

6

What value is returned by the following return statement? int x = 5; return x + 1;

6

Given the following function: int next(int x) { return (x + 1); } what is the output of the following statement? cout << next(next(5)) << endl;

7

Assume the following. static_cast<int>('a') = 97 static_cast<int>('A') = 65 The output of the statement: cout << static_cast<int>(tolower('B')) << endl; is ____.

98

To use the predefined function tolower, the program must include the header file ____.

<cctype>

The standard header file for the abs(x)function is ____.

<cmath>

Assume that all variables are properly declared. The following statement in a value-returning function is legal. if (x % 2 == 0) return x; else return x + 1;

True

Once you write and properly debug a function, you can use it in the program (or different programs) again and again without having to rewrite the same code repeatedly.

True

The data type of a variable in a return statement must match the function type.

True

The following function heading in a C++ program is valid: int funcExp(int u, char v, float g)

True

Using functions greatly enhances a program's readability because it reduces the complexity of the function main.

True

____ consists of 65,536 characters

Unicode

which of the following is the newline character?

\n

Given the following function prototype: double tryMe(double, double);, which of the following statements is valid? Assume that all variables are properly declared.

cout << tryMe(2.0, 3.0);

To generate a random number, you can use the function rand of the header file

cstdlib

The execution of a return statement in a user-defined function terminates the program.

false

The following return statement returns the value 10. return 10, 16;

false

A variable listed in a header is known as a(n) ____ parameter.

formal

The heading of the function is also called the ____.

function header

The object-oriented design, the first step in the problem-solving process is to identify the components called _______, which form the basis of the solution and to determine how they interact with one another

objects

in a C++ program, statements that begin with the symbol # are called _________ directives

preprocessor

_________ are executable statements the inform the user what to do

prompt lines

Main memory is called _____

random access memory

The term_____ describes a process in which the computer evaluates a logical expression from left to right and stops as soon as the value of the expression is known.

short-circuit evaluation

a data type is called _______ if the variable or named constant of that type can store only one value at a time

simple

The value of the expression 7 + 8 <= 15 is

true

Putting ____ in front of a logical expression reverses the value of that logical expression.

!

Which of the following operators has the highest precedence? a. % b. = c. * d. !

!

Which of the following is the "not equal to" relational operator? a. ! b. != c. | d. &

!=

You can disable assert statements by using which of the following? a. #define <assert> b. #define NDEBUG c. #clear NDEBUG d. #include <cassert>

#define NDEBUG

For a program to use the assert function, it must include which of the following? a. #include <assertc> b. #include <cassert> c. #include NDEBUG d. #include <assert>

#include <cassert>

In C++, the mechanism that allows you to combine data and operations on the data into single unit is called a(n) _________

object-oriented programming

Which of the following statements generates a random number between 0 and 50? a.srand(time(10)); num = rand() % 50; b.srand(time(10)); num = rand()/50; c.srand(time(0)); num = rand() % 50; d.srand(time(0)); num = rand()50;

srand(time(0)); num = rand() % 50;

Suppose found = true and num = 6. The value of the expression (!found) || (num > 6) is _____. .

true

Suppose x is 5 and y is 7. Choose the value of the following expression: (x != 7) && (x <= y)

true

In C++, a function prototype is the function heading without the body of the function.

true

Functions that do not have a return type are called ____ functions.

void

an example of floating point data type is _____

double

Given the function prototype: float test(int, int, int); which of the following statements is legal?

cout << test(7, 14, 23);

Given the function prototype: double testAlpha(int u, char v, double t); which of the following statements is legal?

cout << testAlpha(5, 'A', 2);

Assembly language uses easy-to-remember instructions called

mnemonics

A variable or expression listed in a call to a function is called the ____.

actual parameter

A loop___________ is a set of statements that remains true each time the loop body is executed.

control variable

The output of the statement: cout << pow(3.0, 2.0) + 5 << endl; is ____.

14.0

If the formal parameter list of a function is empty, the parentheses after the function name are not needed.

False

The function main is always compiled first, regardless of where in the program the function main is placed.

False

Which statement below about prototypes and headers is true? a. Headers should come before prototypes. b. Prototypes end with a semicolon, but headers do not. c. Headers end with a semicolon, but prototypes do not. d. Parameter names must be listed in the prototype, but not necessarily in the header.

Prototypes end with a semicolon, but headers do not.

Stream variables (for example, ifstream and ofstream) should be passed by _______ to a function.

Reference

____________ parameters are useful in three situations: • When the value of the actual parameter needs to be changed • When you want to return more than one value from a function • When passing the address would save memory space and time relative to copying a large amount of data

Referencereference

Given the following function prototype: int myFunc(int, int);, which of the following statements is valid? Assume that all variables are properly declared.

cout << myFunc(myFunc(7, 8), 15);

Which of the following function prototypes is valid? a. funcExp(int x, float v){}; b. int funcExp(int x, float v); c. int funcExp(x); d. funcExp(void);

int funcExp(int x, float v);

Which of the following function prototypes is valid? Select one: a. int funcTest(int x, int y, float z){} b. int funcTest(int, int y, float z) c. int funcTest(int, int, float); d. funcTest(int x, int y, float){};

int funcTest(int, int, float);

Given the following function prototype: int test(float, char);, which of the following statements is valid?

int u = test(5.0, '*');

The _____ of a function consists of the function name and its formal parameter list.

signature

Assume you have three int variables: x = 2, y = 6, and z. Choose the value of z in the following expression: z = (y / x > 0) ? x : y;.

2

______ programs perform specific task

application

The _______ of relational and logical operators is said to be from left to right.

associativity

the value of the expression 17 % 7 is _______

3

______ rules determine the meaning of instructions

Semantic

A step-by-step problem-solving process in which a solution is arrived at in a finite amount of time is called a(n)______

algorithm

____ loops are called posttest loops.

do...while

The _______ is the brain of the computer and the single most expensive piece of hardware in your personal computer

CPU

the digit 0 or 1 is called a binary digit, or ______

bit

The ____ statement can be used to eliminate the use of certain (flag) variables.

break

The _________ statement is typically used for two purposes: • To exit early from a loop. • To skip the remainder of a switch structure.

break

To output results correctly, the switch structure must include a(n) _____ statement after each cout statement, except the last cout statement.

break

a sequence of eight bits is called a _________

byte

Which of the following loops does not have an entry condition? a.sentinel-controlled while loop b.do...while loop c.EOF-controlled while loop d.for loop

do...while loop

Which of the following loops is guaranteed to execute at least once?

do...while loop

which of the following is reserved word in C++

char

C++ has a special name for the data types istream and ostream. they are called ________

classes

A program called a(n) _____ translates instructions written in high-level languages into machine code

compiler

The expression in an if statement is sometimes called a(n) ____.

decision maker

A(n) ____-controlled while loop uses a bool variable to control the loop.

flag

When a continue statement is executed in a ____, the update statement always executes.

for loop

the memory allocated for a float value is _______ bytes

four

C++ provides a header file called ______ which is used for file I/O

fstream

The term GB refers to ____

gigabyte

_____ languages include FORTRAN, COBOL, Pascal, C, C++, and Java

high-level

Which of the following will cause a logical error if you are attempting to compare x to 5? a. if (x <= 5) b. if (x = 5) c. if (x >= 5) d. if (x == 5)

if (x = 5)

A loop that continues to execute endlessly is called a(n) ____ loop.

infinite

Manipulators without parameters are part of the ______ header file

iostream

The function eof is a member of the data type

istream

What does <= mean?

less than or equal to

a program called a(n) _____ combines the object program with the programs from libraries

linker

A program that loads an executable program into main memory is called a(n) ______

loader

the memory space for a(n) ______ data value is 64 bytes

long long

What executes immediately after a continue statement in a while and do-while loop?

loop-continue test

In ____ structures, the computer repeats particular statements a certain number of times depending on some condition(s).

looping

Several categories of computers exist, such as ______

mainframe, midsize, and micro

In C++, the dot is an operator called the ______ operator

member access

Main memory is an ordered sequence of items, called ______

memory cells

When one control statement is located within another, it is said to be ____.

nested

The ________ monitors the overall activity of the computer and provides services such as memory management, input/output activities and storage management

operating system

the _____ monitors the overall activity of the computer and provides services

operating system

the devices that the computer uses to display results are called _____ devices

output

the function ______ returns the next character in the input stream; it does not remove the character from the input stream

peek

the maximum number of significant digits is called the _______

precision

C++ comes with a wealth of functions called ______ functions that are written by other programmers

predefined

In a while and for loop, the loop condition is evaluated before executing the body of the loop. Therefore, while and for loops are called ________ loops

pretest

a(n) ______ is a sequence of zero or more characters

string

Dividing a problem into smaller subproblems is called _______ design

structured

A function _______ is a function that is not fully coded.

stub

a(n) _______ is a collection of statements, and when it is activated or executed, it accomplishes something

subprogram

A semicolon at the end of the for statement (just before the body of the loop) is a(n) _________ error.

syntax

The ______ rules of programming language tell you which statements are legal, or accepted by the programming language

syntax

Which executes first in a do...while loop?

the statement

the smaller individual unit of a program written in any language is called a(n) _________

token

A(n) ________ is a memory location whose contents can be changed

variable

The ASCII data set consists of _____ characters

128

What is the value of x after the following statements execute? int x; x = (5 <= 3 && 'A' < 'F') ? 3 : 4

4

Which of the following operators has the lowest precedence? a. && b. ! c. = d. ||

=

Which of the following is a relational operator? a. = b. ! c. == d. &&

==

the programming language C++ evolved from ________

C

______ signals represent information with a sequence of 0s and 1s

Digital

_________ is the process of planning and creating a program

Programming

A function prototype is ____.

a declaration, but not a definition

_______ represent information with a sequence of 0s and 1s

digital signals

Which of the following is a repetition structure in C++? a.switch b.do...while c.while...do d.if

do...while

The _______ type is C++'s method for allowing programmers to create their own simple data types

enumeration

Once an input stream enters a(n) ____ state, all subsequent input statements associated with that input stream are ignored, and the computer continues to execute the program, which produces erroneous results.

fail

When you want to process only partial data, you can use the stream function ________ to discard a portion of the input

ignore

When a value of one data type is automatically changed to another data type, a(n) ________ type coercion is said to have occurred

implicit

the devices that feed data and programs into computers are called ________ devices

input

the basic commands that a computer performs are _____, and performance arithmetic and logical operations

input, output, storage

A(n) ______ consists of data and the operations on those data

object

in ___________ design, the final program is a collection of interacting objects

object-oriented

In a ____ control structure, the computer executes particular statements depending on some condition(s).

selection

Putting a semicolon after the parentheses following the expression in an ifstatement (that is, before the statement) is a(n)__________ error.

semantic

_________ is a parameterized stream manipulator

setfill