C Sharp Programming Terms

In a switch statement, the type of the value in a case label is the ____________________ type.

Governing

When a user types a value into a TextBox in an executing program, it becomes the value for the ____ property of the TextBox.

Text

You can change a Label's ____ property to display any string of text.

Text

A (n) ____ is a named location in computer memory that can hold different values at different points in time.

Variable

Named computer memory locations are called ____________________ because they hold values that might vary.

Variables

A Button's ____________________ property indicates whether the button is visible.

Visible

The term ____________________ refers to any process that is crucial to an organization.

Mission critical

The ____ event occurs when the user clicks the mouse within the Control's boundaries.

MouseClick

Mouse events can be handled for any Control through an object of the class ____.

MouseEventArgs

The ListBox provides a Boolean ____ property, which you can set to display items in columns instead of in a straight vertical list.

Multicolumn

To more easily incorporate methods into a program, it is common practice to store methods in their own classes and files. Then you can add them into any application that uses them. The resulting compound program is called a (n) ____.

Multifile assembly

Often, the value of a loop control variable is not altered by arithmetic, but instead is altered by user input. This type of loop is a (n)____ loop.

Indefinite

With the foreach statement, you provide a temporary _that automatically holds each array value in turn.

Index holder

Using private fields within classes is an example of ____, a feature found in all object-oriented languages.

Information hiding

The entire list of parent classes from which a child class is derived constitutes the ______ of the subclass.

Ancestors

A (n) ____ is an irregularity in a database's design that causes problems.

Anomaly

Giving a value to a variable, as in the statement someVariable = 5, is called a (n) ___________________.

Assignment

The keyword ____ always refers to the superclass of the class in which you use it.

Base

When a derived class contains a method that overrides a parent class method, you can use the keyword ____ to access the parent class method from within the derived class.

Base

The ____ method can find the array position of a requested value in an array that is sorted with its elements in ascending order.

BinarySearch()

A (n) ____ is a device you can use without knowing how it works internally.

Black box

A method ____________________ is a block of statements that carry out the method's work.

Body

The memory location where the computer stores the list of locations to which the system must return is known as the ____.

Call stack

Each ____ block can "catch" one type of Exception.

Catch

A ____ is any one of the letters, numbers, or other special symbols (such as punctuation marks) that comprise data.

Character

____ objects are GUI widgets the user can click to select an option; any number of these can be selected at the same time.

CheckBox

A ____ is similar to a ListBox but with check boxes appearing to the left of each item.

CheckedListBox

A ____ is a synonym for a derived class.

Child class

An expression containing a (n) ____ operator has a Boolean value.

Comparison

After you write and save a program, you must ____ it into intermediate language.

Compile

Programmers use a computer program called a (n)____ to translate their high-level language statements into machine code.

Compiler

A key constructed from multiple columns is a ____ key.

Compound

In C#, the ____ operator is used as an abbreviated version of the if-else statement.

Conditional

A data item is ____________________ when it cannot be changed after a program is compiled.

Constant

The ____ class provides the definitions for GUI objects.

Control

A loop for which the number of iterations is predetermined is called a (n)____ loop.

Definite

To declare your own event, you use a ____.

Delegate

You declare a delegate using the keyword ____.

Delegate

A (n) ____________________ is any error condition or unexpected behavior in an executing program.

Exception

A (n) ____ number is one that contains decimal positions.

Floating-point

You use the ____ class to change the appearance of printed text on your Forms.

Font

With a ____ loop, you can indicate the starting value for the loop control variable, the test condition that controls loop entry, and the expression that alters the loop control variable, all in one convenient place.

For

You begin a 'for' statement with the keyword ____ followed by a set of parentheses.

For

C# supports a ____ statement that you can use to cycle through every array element without using a subscript.

Foreach

A parameter within a method header is called a (n)____ parameter.

Formal

Classes that depend on field names from parent classes are said to be ____ because they are prone to errors.

Fragile

In a LINQ statement, data items also can be grouped; the ____ operator groups data by specified criteria.

Group

The list of values provided for an array is a (n) ____________________.

Initializer list

When loops are nested, each pair contains a (n) ____ loop and an outer loop.

Inner

The Exception class contains a read-only property named ____ that contains useful information about an Exception object.

Message

A (n)____________________ is an encapsulated series of statements that carry out a task.

Method

When presented with two classes that have a parent-child relationship, you can tell which class is the base class and which is the derived class by using the two classes in a sentence with the phrase ____.

is a

In C#, you can use either new or ____ when defining a derived class member that has the same name as a base class member.

Override

A (n) ____ data field or method can be used within its own class or in any classes extended from that class, but it cannot be used by "outside" classes.

Protected

The basic form of the SQL command that retrieves selected records from a table is ____.

SELECT-FROM-WHERE

You name an argument in a method call using its parameter name and a ____ before the value.

Semicolon

The first parameter of an event-handler method is an object named ____________________; it is a reference to the object that generated the event.

Sender

A data file is a ____ access file when each record is read in order of its position in the file.

Sequential

A data file is a ___________ access file when each record is read in order of its position in the file.

Sequential

A search in which each array element is examined in order is called a ____ search.

Sequential

____ is the process of converting objects into streams of bytes.

Serialization

An implicit, or invisible, ____ reference is passed to every instance method and property accessor.

This

If you are working on a professional project, Microsoft recommends that you use the general Exception class in a catch block.

True

If you do not provide an accessibility modifier for a method, it is private by default.

True

If you don't write a constructor for a class object, C# writes one for you.

True

Only nonstatic methods receive a 'this' reference.

True

The power of arrays becomes apparent when you use subscripts that are variables rather than constant values.

True

When data values in a program are stored in memory, they are lost when the program ends.

True

When loop structures are nested, the inner loop must be entirely contained within the outer loop; loops can never overlap.

True

When you size a ListBox so that all the items cannot be displayed at the same time, a scroll bar is provided automatically on the side.

True

When you use information hiding by selecting which properties and methods of a class to make public, you are assured that your data will be altered only by the properties and methods you choose and only in ways that you can control.

True

You are not required to create a Click () method for a Button.

True

You can combine as many AND and OR operators in an expression as needed.

True

You can improve loop performance by using prefix incrementing.

True

When you write a block of code in which something can go wrong, you can place the code in a (n) ____ block.

Try

When you store data in a computer file on a persistent storage device, you ____.

Write to the file

You indicate that a method parameter is an array by placing ____ after the data type in the method's parameter list.

[ ]

When you write a C# program that stores a value in a variable, you are using temporary storage; the value you store is lost when the program ends or the computer loses power. This type of storage is ____.

`Volatile

In C#, all data types are ____________________.

Objects

The NOT operator is written as ____.

!

An accumulator variable must be set to ____ before it is used to accumulate a total.

0

____ represent(s) information that a method needs to perform its task.

Arguments

You can easily navigate through arrays using a for or while loop that varies a subscript from 0 to ____.

Array.Length - 1

To use the Sort () method, you pass the array name to ____.

Array.Sort ()

Instance variables are often called ____ to help distinguish them from other variables you might use.

Fields

A file's ____ holds the byte number of the next byte to be read.

File position pointer

Typically, you use the ____ block to perform cleanup tasks that must occur, regardless of whether any errors occurred or were caught.

Finally

In a MenuStrip, if you create each main menu item with a (n)____ in front of a unique letter, then the user can press Alt and the given letter to activate the menu choice as an alternative to clicking it with the mouse.

&

The non-conditional Boolean logical AND operator is written as ____.

&

The conditional AND operator is written as ____.

&&

You can use the conditional ____ operator within a Boolean expression to determine whether two expressions are both true.

(And) &&

The Form class contains approximately ____ properties.

100

The creators of C# define an infrequent event in code as one that happens in less than ____ percent of all program executions.

30

A (n) ____ method has no method statements; any class derived from a class that contains one must override it by providing a body.

Abstract

The optional declared ____ for a method (for example, public) sets limits as to how other methods can use it.

Accessibility

Properties have ____ that specify the statements that execute when a class's fields are accessed.

Accessors

Often, totals are ____; that is, summed one at a time in a loop.

Accumulated

+= is the C# ____ operator; it adds the operand on the right to the operand on the left and assigns it to the operand on the left in one step.

Add and assign

When filling in the items in a MenuStrip control, you can double-click an entry to generate a ____ method that will execute if the user clicks on the entry.

Click ()

A method that uses another is called a ____ of the method it uses.

Client

If you make a change to a program and try to rerun it, you get an error message that starts with "Could not copy...". The solution is to ____ and then try again.

Close the previous execution

One of the functions of a (n) _______ is to allow users to create table descriptions.

DBMS

Businesses store data in a relationship known as the ____________.

Data hierarchy

When adding a database to a Windows Forms project, a (n)___ object is a temporary set of data stored in your project.

Data set

Most organizations store many files that contain the data they need (such as data about employees, customers, and orders) to operate their business. A (n) ____________________ holds a file or, more frequently, a group of files that represents this data.

Database

The ____ Control displays a month calendar when the down arrow is selected.

DateTimePicker

The optional keyword ____ is used prior to any action that should occur if the test expression does not match any case.

Default

____ converts streams of bytes back into objects.

Deserialization

A _________ contains the actions you require when an instance of a class is destroyed—for example, when the instance goes out of scope.

Destructor

The ____ class provides you with information about directories or folders.

Directory

Setting the ____ property attaches a Control to the side of a container so that the Control stretches when the container's size is adjusted.

Dock

When designing a Form, you will usually use the ____ design features in the IDE instead of typing code statements.

Drag-and-drop

A (n) ____________________ decision has two possible resulting actions.

Dual-alternative or dual alternative

____ is the technique of packaging an object's attributes and methods into a cohesive unit that can be used as an undivided entity.

Encapsulation

Using a (n)____ with a switch statement can often be convenient because it can make the meaning of case label values much clearer.

Enumeration

An event-handler method is also known as a (n) ____.

Event receiver

For events that do not use additional information, the .NET Framework has already defined an appropriate delegate type named ____.

EventHandler

To purposefully override the unifying type in an arithmetic operation, use a (n) ____ by placing the desired result type in parentheses followed by the variable or constant to be cast.

Explicit cast

____________________ are methods that you can write to add to any type, even if you did not create the original class.

Extension methods

A GUI object, such as a Button, is represented as an object that cannot encapsulate any methods.

False

A LinkLabel is similar to a Label in that it is a parent of Label.

False

A superclass contains all the fields and methods of its subclasses as well as its own more specific fields and methods.

False

A value that uniquely identifies a record in a database is called a compound key.

False

C# programmers must use Pascal casing when creating method names to produce an executable program.

False

In C#, an array's elements are numbered beginning with 1.

False

In a switch statement, the keyword return usually terminates each case.

False

Overloaded methods sharing the same identifier must have the same return type.

False

The C# language requires that every event must use a delegate type with three parameters.

False

When a database is added to a Windows Forms project, changes made to the dataset in the program will automatically alter the original database.

False

When you declare objects, their bool fields initialize to ____.

False

When you instantiate an array, you can choose its location in memory.

False

When you write a program and save it to a disk, you are using temporary storage.

False

You cannot use a while loop for indefinite loops.

False

You cannot use the out or ref keywords when passing an array to a method.

False

To change the size of a button on a Form, you can drag the button's ____.

Handles

A method ____ includes the method name and information about what will pass into and be returned from a method.

Header

When you use the Visual Studio __________ to create programs, the IntelliSense feature will allow you discover built-in overloaded methods by displaying all versions of the method when you type in the method name and the parameter list opening parenthesis.

IDE

A (n)____ statement is used to make a single-alternative decision.

If

Methods with identical names that have identical parameter lists but different return types are ____ methods.

Illegal

With ____, if a programmer changes the way in which a method internally works, programs that use that method will not be affected and will not need to be modified.

Implementation hiding

You can assign a derived class object to an object of any of its superclass types. When you do, C# makes a (n) ____ conversion from derived class to base class.

Implicit

In arithmetic operations with operands of dissimilar types, a (n)____ is the automatic conversion of nonconforming operands to a unifying type.

Implicit cast

C# makes implicit conversions when casting one data type to another. When a derived class object is assigned to its ancestor's data type, the conversion can more specifically be called a (n) ________.

Implicit reference conversion

A (n) __ variable has a data type that is inferred from the expression used to initialize the variable.

Implicitly typed

A class describes the attributes and methods of every object that is a (n) ___, or example, of that class.

Instance

A (n) ____________________ is a method that instantiates (creates an instance of) an object.

Instance method

The set of contents of an object's instance variables also is known as its _______________.

Instantiation

In C#, an array subscript must be a (n)____.

Integer

A program that accepts console input from the user is a (n) ____ program.

Interactive

A (n) ____ is a collection of abstract methods (and perhaps other members) that can be used by any class, as long as the class overrides the abstract method definitions.

Interface

The environment the user sees is a program's ____.

Interface

The ____ class access modifier means that access is limited to the assembly (a group of code modules compiled together) to which the class belongs.

Internal

The ____ variable is the variable that is used to hold each successive value in the array during a foreach statement.

Iteration

Keyboard events are also known as ____.

Key events

____ occur when a user presses and releases keyboard keys.

Key events

The ____________________ property is a member of the System.Array class and automatically holds an array's length.

Length

A ____ is an object you can instantiate on a remote computer so that you can manipulate a reference to the object rather than a local copy of the object.

MarshalByRefObject

A ____ provides the capability to link the user to other sources, such as Web pages or files.

LinkLabel

ListBox, ComboBox, and CheckedListBox objects all allow users to select choices from a list. These three classes descend from ____.

ListControl

The ____ behind any program involves executing the various statements and procedures in the correct order to produce the desired results.

Logic

A (n)____________________ is a structure that allows repeated execution of a block of statements.

Loop

The ____ in the Visual C# IDE main window lies horizontally across the top of the window and includes a File menu from which you open, close, and save projects.

Main menu

The ____ operator is used to create objects.

New

In C#, an error occurs if you reach the end point of the statement list in a case section. This is known as the ____ rule.

No fall through

If you create a Click () method that responds to button clicks, it will be ____ by default because it is associated with an object that is a Form.

Nonstatic

Permanent storage is ____.

Nonvolatile

The process of designing and creating a set of database tables that satisfies user needs and avoids potential problems such as data redundancy is called ____.

Normalization

Operators are used to manipulate values in a program. For example, in the expression X + Y, + is an operator. The values that operators use, such as X and Y, are called ____________________.

Operands

A (n) ____ parameter to a method is one for which a value is automatically supplied if you do not explicitly send one as an argument.

Optional

You can use the conditional ____ operator when you want some action to occur even if only one of two conditions is true.

Or

You use the keyword ____ as a modifier to indicate an output parameter.

Out

When you use a loop within a loop, you should always think of the ____ loop as the all-encompassing loop.

Outer

When you don't know how many arguments you might eventually send to a method, you can declare a (n)____.

Parameter array

A (n) ____ is a synonym for a base class.

Parent class

As an alternative to the Convert class methods, you can use a (n) ____ method to convert a string to a number.

Parse()

When programmers adopt the style of capitalizing the first letter of all new words in an identifier, even the first one, they call the style ____.

Pascal casing

A (n) ____________________ is a Control in which you can display graphics from a bitmap, icon, JPEG, GIF, or other image file type.

PictureBox

If you do not provide an access specifier for a class field, its access is ____ by default.

Private

The ____ class access modifier means that access is limited to another class to which the class belongs.

Private

Temporary storage is usually called computer memory or_____________.

RAM

____ objects are GUI widgets the user can click to select an option; only one of a group can be selected at a time.

RadioButton

Programmers say that a button click ____ an event.

Raises

An array subscript can be an expression, as long as the expression evaluates to a (n) ____. Integer

Reference

When an array passed to a method is passed by ____, the method receives the actual memory address of the array and has access to the actual values in the array elements.

Reference

____ parameters act as aliases, or pseudonyms, for the same memory location occupied by the original variable being passed to a method.

Reference

The operator where is a (n) ____ operator, or one that places a restriction on which data is added to a collection.

Restriction

When you write a method that catches an Exception, your method does not have to handle it. Instead, you might choose to ____ the exception to the method that called your method.

Rethrow

The expressions in each part of a compound, conditional Boolean expression are evaluated only as much as necessary to determine whether the entire expression is true or false. This feature is called ____ evaluation.

Short-circuit

A method's name and parameter list constitute the method's ____.

Signature

An array that you can picture as a column of values, and whose elements you can access using a single subscript, is a ____ array.

Single-dimensional

When you drag multiple Controls onto a Form, blue ____ appear and help you align new Controls with others already in place.

Snap lines

The ____ method arranges array items in ascending order.

Sort ()

The set of contents of an object's instance variables also is known as its ____.

State

If you use the keyword modifier ____, you indicate that a method can be called by referring to the class rather than an object from the class.

Static

Because the ReadLine () method call can be assigned to a string, its return type is____.

String

In C#, you use the ____ data type to hold a series of characters.

String

When a language is ____ typed, severe restrictions are placed on what data types can be mixed.

Strongly

You can distinguish each element from the others in an array with a (n) ____.

Subscript

A (n)____________________ is an integer contained within square brackets that indicates the position of one of an array's elements.

Subscript or index

In a switch statement, the keyword ____ starts the switch structure.

Switch

If a method expects parameters with different types (for example, an int and a string), then passing arguments to the method in reverse order constitutes a ____ error, and the program will not compile.

Syntax

An exception of the ____ class is thrown when an attempt is made to store an element of the wrong type within an array.

System.ArrayTypeMismatchException

An exception of the ____ class is thrown when an ongoing operation is aborted by the user.

System.Data.OperationAbortedException

Every class you create in C# derives from a single class named ____.

System.Object

The Exception class overrides ____ to provide a descriptive error message so a user can receive precise information about the nature of any Exception that is thrown.

ToString

The Exception class overrides ____ to provide a descriptive error message so a user can receive precise information about the nature of any Exception that is thrown.

ToString ()

Inheritance is ____________________, which means a child inherits all the members of all its ancestors.

Transitive

A LINQ query body must end with a select clause or a group clause.

True

A class's ToString () method is often a useful debugging aid.

True

A method can return at most one value to a method that calls it.

True

Arrays are useful when you need to store just one value in memory at a time.

True

C# has more than 100 defined Exception subclasses.

True

Each Control has more than 80 public properties.

True

When you use an implicitly typed variable, the C# compiler decides on a data type for you. This process is called ____.

Type inference

Operators that have only one argument, such as the prefix and postfix increment operators, are called ____________________ operators.

Unary

____ blocks contain statements that can never execute under any circumstances because the program logic "can't get there."

Unreachable

A class that instantiates objects of another prewritten class is known as a class client or class ____.

User

Event-driven GUI programs sometimes require fewer coded loops than their counterpart console applications because some events are determined by the ____ when the program is running.

User's actions

A (n)____________________ method is one that can be overridden by a method with the same signature in a child class.

Virtual

If a method does not return a value, its return type is ____________________.

Void

You can use a (n)____________________ loop to execute a body of statements continuously as long as some condition continues to be true.

While

When using programs or visiting Internet sites, you encounter and use many other interactive ____________________—elements of graphical interfaces that allow you to interact with programs—such as scroll bars, check boxes, and radio buttons.

Widgets

The keyword ____ is used to declare a named constant.

const

If a Button's name is reportButton, then the default name of its Click () method is ____.

reportButton_Click ()

Every method has a (n) ____________________, indicating what kind of value the method will return to any other method that calls it.

return type

The non-conditional Boolean logical inclusive OR operator is written as ____.

|

The conditional OR operator is written as ____.

||

The order in which controls receive focus from successive Tab key presses is their ____.

Tab order

The equal sign (=) is the C# assignment operator.

True

Programmers sometimes refer to encapsulation as using a ____.

Black box

When programmers do not capitalize the first letter of an identifier but do capitalize each new word, they call the style ____________________.

Camel casing

If you ever find yourself in the midst of executing an infinite loop, you can break out by holding down the ____ key and pressing the C key or the Break (Pause) key.

Ctrl

For convenience, the individual operations used in a computer program often are grouped into logical units called ____.

Methods

When method calls are placed inside other method calls, the calls are ____ method calls.

Nested

A ____ consists of a pair of curly braces containing a number that indicates the desired variable's position in a list that follows the string.

Placeholder

The do-while loop is a (n) ____ loop.

Posttest

A while loop is a (n)____ loop.

Pretest

The ____ accessibility modifier limits method access to the class that contains the method.

Private

Programmers often use ____________________, a tool that helps them plan a program's logic by writing plain English statements.

Pseudocode

When a variable is declared inside a loop, it can be referenced only for the duration of the loop body. Once the loop finishes execution, the variable is out of ____________________, which means it is not usable because it has ceased to exist.

Scope

A value that a user must supply to stop a loop (for example, 'Y' or 'N') is called a (n)____________________ value.

Sentinel

When creating a flowchart or pseudocode representation of a task, a ____ structure is one in which one step follows another unconditionally.

Sequence

The ____ Object class method returns a string that holds the name of the class, just as GetType () does.

ToString

A Boolean expression is evaluated within every while loop to determine whether the loop body will execute.

True

Flowchart creators use diamond shapes to indicate alternative courses of action.

True

Professional programmers usually do not retain the default names for Forms and controls.

True

So much code is needed to create even the simplest of GUI programs that it is far more practical to develop the user interface visually in an IDE.

True

The C# programming language was developed as an object-oriented and component-oriented language. True

True

The Visual Studio IDE gives you advanced features such as syntax coloring and automatic statement completion.

True